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Open-mid back rounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɔ⟩ in IPA
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Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɔ⟩ in IPA
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ipa symbol | ɔ |
| ipa number | 306 |
| decimal | 596 |
| xsampa | O |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x0254.svg |
| braille | gh |
The open-mid back rounded vowel, or low-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is a turned letter c and both the symbol and the sound are commonly called "open-o". The name open-o represents the sound, in that it is like the sound represented by , the close-mid back rounded vowel, except it is more open. It also represents the symbol, which can be remembered as an o which has been "opened" by removing part of the closed circular shape.
In English, the symbol (or ) is typically associated with the vowel in "thought", but in Received Pronunciation ("RP", standard British English), Australian English, New Zealand English and South African English that vowel is produced with considerably stronger lip rounding and higher tongue position than that of cardinal , i.e. as close-mid or somewhat lower. Open-mid or even open realizations are found in North American English (where this vowel is often indistinguishable from the open back unrounded vowel in "bra") and Scottish English as well as Hiberno-English, Northern England English and Welsh English, though in the last three accent groups closer, -like realizations are also found. In RP, the open-mid realization of has been obsolete since the 1930s. Pronouncing that vowel as such is subject to correction for non-native speakers aiming at RP.
In Received Pronunciation and Australian English, the open-mid back rounded vowel occurs as the main allophone of the vowel . The contrast between and is thus strongly maintained, with the former vowel being realized as close-mid and the latter as open-mid , similarly to the contrast between and found in German, Italian and Portuguese.
Features
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Tosk | tortë | 'cake' | ||||
| Armenian | Eastern | հողմ hoġm | 'storm' | ||||
| Assamese | কৰ / kor | [kɔɹ] | 'to do' | May also be transcribed as fully low [ɒ] or "over-rounded" [ɒ̹] | |||
| Bavarian | Traunmüller | 1982}}, cited in | wås | 'what' | |||
| Bengali | অর্থ | 'meaning' | See Bengali phonology | ||||
| Breton | roll | [ˈrɔlː] | 'list' | ||||
| Bulgarian | род rod | 'kin' | See Bulgarian phonology | ||||
| Catalan | soc | 'clog' | See Catalan phonology | ||||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 我 ngo5 | 'I, me, my' | ||||
| Hokkien | 某 bó͘ | 'wife' | See Hokkien phonology | ||||
| Cipu | Tirisino dialect | kødø | 'cut down!' | ||||
| Danish | Standard | kort | 'map' | ||||
| Dutch | Standard Belgian | och | 'alas' | ||||
| Standard Northern | |||||||
| English | Australian | *not* | 'not' | ||||
| Estuary | |||||||
| New Zealand | May be somewhat fronted. Often transcribed in IPA with . See New Zealand English phonology | ||||||
| Received Pronunciation | has shifted up in emerging RP. | ||||||
| General American | *thought* | 'thought' | Mainly in speakers without the cot–caught merger. It may be lower . (It is rarely lowered to before liquids , and may thus be more familiar to many North Americans in r-colored form, .) | ||||
| Scottish | Most Scottish dialects exhibit the cot-caught merger, the outcome of which is a vowel of quality. | ||||||
| Sheffield | *goat* | 'goat' | Common realization of the vowel particularly for males. | ||||
| Newfoundland | *but* | 'but' | Less commonly unrounded . See English phonology | ||||
| Faroese | lálla | 'seal flipper' | See Faroese phonology | ||||
| French | Fougeron | Smith | 1993 | p=73}} | sotte | 'silly' (f.) | |
| Galician | home | 'man' | See Galician phonology | ||||
| Georgian | სწორი stsori | 'correct' | |||||
| German | Standard | voll | 'full' | ||||
| Hindustani | Hindi | मुहब्बत(mohobbat) | 'love','affection' | ||||
| Urdu | محبت(mohobbat) | ||||||
| Italian | parola | 'word' | Near-back. See Italian phonology | ||||
| Javanese | ꦫꦱ */ råså* | taste, feeling | |||||
| Kaingang | pó | 'stone' | |||||
| Kera | 'hard earth' | Near-back. | |||||
| Kokborok | kwrwi | 'not' | |||||
| Korean | North Korean | 조선 / Chosŏn | 'North Korea' | ||||
| Limburgish | mòn | 'moon' | Lower in the Maastrichtian dialect. The example word is from the Hasselt dialect. | ||||
| Lower Sorbian | pšosba | 'a request' | |||||
| Low German | Most dialects | stok | 'stick' | ||||
| Various dialects | slaap | 'sleep' | May be as low as and as high as in other dialects. | ||||
| Southern Eastphalian | brâd | 'bread' | Corresponds to in other dialects. | ||||
| Luxembourgish | Sonn | 'son' | Possible realization of . See Luxembourgish phonology | ||||
| Malay | Standard | *sotong* | 'squid' | ||||
| Negeri Sembilan | كيت */ kita* | 'we' (inclusive) | See Negeri Sembilan Malay | ||||
| Kelantan-Pattani | بياسا / *biasa* | 'normal' | See Kelatan-Pattani Malay | ||||
| Nepali | पर | 'far' | Less rounded. Allophone of around labial consonants and in isolation. | ||||
| लामो | 'long' | Uncommon post-nasal allophone of , which is commonly raised to . | |||||
| Norwegian | Popperwell | 2010 | p=26}} | så | 'so' | ||
| Occitan | òda | 'ode' | See Occitan phonology | ||||
| Odia | ଅର୍ଥ | 'meaning' | |||||
| Polish | kot | 'cat' | See Polish phonology | ||||
| Portuguese | Most dialects | fofoca | 'gossip' | ||||
| Some speakers | bronca | 'scolding' | Stressed vowel, allophone of nasal vowel . See Portuguese phonology | ||||
| Russian | Jones | Ward | 1969 | p=56}} | сухой sukhoy | 'dry' | |
| Slovak | Standard | ohúriť | 'to stun' | ||||
| Swedish | Standard | moll | 'minor scale' | ||||
| Tagalog | oyayi | 'lullaby' | See Tagalog phonology | ||||
| Thai | งอ ''ng'''o''''' | 'to bend' | See Thai phonology | ||||
| Temne | pɔn | 'swamp' | Near-back. | ||||
| Ukrainian | любов lyubov | 'love' | See Ukrainian phonology | ||||
| Upper Sorbian | pos | 'dog' | See Upper Sorbian phonology | ||||
| Welsh | siop | 'shop' | See Welsh phonology | ||||
| West Frisian | rôt | 'rat' | See West Frisian phonology | ||||
| Yiddish | יאָ yi | [jɔ] | 'yes' | See Yiddish phonology. | |||
| Yoruba | Nasalized; may be near-open instead. |
Notes
References
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References
- {{Vowel terminology
- {{Harvcoltxt. Harrington. Cox. Evans. 1997
- Geoff Lindsey (2012) [http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/morgen-a-suitable-case-for-treatment/ Morgen — a suitable case for treatment], Speech Talk
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- {{Harvcoltxt. Wells. 1982
- {{Harvcoltxt. Wikström. 2013
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- {{Harvcoltxt. Traunmüller. 1982, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. Maddieson. 1996
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- Mikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010
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