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Ocean fisheries
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A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial value. Fisheries can be wild or farmed. Most of the world's wild fisheries are in the ocean. This article is an overview of ocean fisheries.
Statistics
Oceans occupy 71 percent of the Earth's surface. They are divided into five major oceans, which in decreasing order of size are: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Over 70 percent of the world catch from the sea comes from the Pacific Ocean.
| Ocean metrics | Ocean | Area | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| million km2 | % | Volume | ||||||||
| million cu km | % | Mean depth | ||||||||
| km | Max depth | |||||||||
| km | Coastline | |||||||||
| km | Fish capture | |||||||||
| million tonnes | % | |||||||||
| Pacific Ocean | 155.6 | 46.4 | 679.6 | 49.6 | 4.37 | 10.924 | 135,663 | 84.234 | 71.0 | |
| Atlantic Ocean | 76.8 | 22.9 | 313.4 | 22.5 | 4.08 | 8.605 | 111,866 | 24.045 | 20.3 | |
| Indian Ocean | 68.6 | 20.4 | 269.3 | 19.6 | 3.93 | 7.258 | 66,526 | 10.197 | 8.6 | |
| Southern Ocean | 20.3 | 6.1 | 91.5 | 6.7 | 4.51 | 7.235 | 17,968 | 0.147 | 0.1 | |
| Arctic Ocean | 14.1 | 4.2 | 17.0 | 1.2 | 1.21 | 4.665 | 45,389 | |||
| Totals | 335.3 | 1370.8 | 4.09 | 10.924 | 356,000 | 118.623 |
Pacific Ocean
| [[File:Pacific Ocean.png | right | thumb]] |
|---|
| Pacific seas : Statistics | Region | Area | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| million km2 | Volume | |||||||
| million cu km | Mean depth | |||||||
| km | Max depth | |||||||
| km | Coastline | |||||||
| km | Fish harvest | |||||||
| million tonnes | Percent | |||||||
| of total | ||||||||
| Celebes Sea | 0.280 | 6.2 | ||||||
| Coral Sea | ||||||||
| East China Sea | 1.249 | |||||||
| Philippine Sea | ||||||||
| Sea of Japan | 0.978 | 1.753 | 3.742 | |||||
| South China Sea | 3.5 | |||||||
| Sulu Sea | ||||||||
| Tasman Sea | ||||||||
| Yellow Sea |
| Pacific seas: Maps and descriptions | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [[File:Celebes See.jpg | thumb | left | Celebes Sea]] |
| [[File:Coral Sea Islands.png | thumb | left | A map of the Coral Sea Islands.]] |
| [[File:East China Sea Map.jpg | thumb | left]] | |
| [[File:Philippine Sea location.jpg | thumb | left | The Philippine Sea]] |
| [[File:Sea of Japan Map en.png | thumb | left]] | |
| [[File:South China Sea.jpg | thumb | left]] | |
| [[File:Palawan in Philippines.svg | thumb | left]] | |
| [[File:Tasman Sea.jpg | thumb | left | Map of the Tasman Sea]] |
| [[File:Yellow Sea.jpg | left | thumb]] |
Atlantic Ocean
| Atlantic seas : Statistics | Region | Area | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| million km2 | Volume | |||||||
| million cu km | Mean depth | |||||||
| km | Max depth | |||||||
| km | Coastline | |||||||
| km | Fish harvest | |||||||
| million tonnes | Percent | |||||||
| of total | ||||||||
| Baltic Sea | 0.377 | 0.21 | 0.055 | 0.459 | 8000 | |||
| Black Sea | 0.4364 | |||||||
| Caribbean Sea | 2.754 | 7.686 | ||||||
| Gulf of Mexico | 1.6 | 4.384 | ||||||
| Labrador Sea | ||||||||
| Mediterranean Sea | 2.5 | 1.5 | 5.267 | 46,000 | ||||
| North Sea | 0.57 | 0.1 | 0.7 | |||||
| Norwegian Sea | 1.38 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 3.97 | ||||
| Scotia Sea | 0.9 |
| Atlantic seas: Maps and descriptions | ||
|---|---|---|
| [[File:Baltic Sea map.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Black Sea map.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Central america (cia).png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:GulfofMexico3D.jpg | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Labrador sea map.png | left | thumb]] |
| [[File:Mediterranean Relief.jpg | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Nseamap.gif | left | thumb]] |
| [[File:Norwegian Sea map.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Scotia Sea.png | thumb | left]] |
|}
Indian Ocean
| Indian seas : Statistics | Region | Area | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| million km2 | Volume | |||||||
| million cu km | Mean depth | |||||||
| km | Max depth | |||||||
| km | Coastline | |||||||
| km | Fish harvest | |||||||
| million tonnes | Percent | |||||||
| of total | ||||||||
| Andaman Sea | ||||||||
| Arabian Sea | ||||||||
| Bay of Bengal | ||||||||
| Great Australian Bight | ||||||||
| Gulf of Aden | ||||||||
| Gulf of Oman | ||||||||
| Laccadive Sea | ||||||||
| Mozambique Channel | ||||||||
| Persian Gulf | 0.251 | 0.05 | 0.09 | |||||
| Red Sea | 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.49 | 2.211 |
| Indian Seas: Maps and descriptions | ||
|---|---|---|
| [[File:LocationAndamanSea.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Arabian Sea map.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Bay of Bengal map.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Australia.A2002231.0145.250m NASA Nullarbor.jpg | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Gulf of Aden 3 map.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:LocationGulf of Oman.png | thumb | left]] |
| The Laccadive Sea lies off the southwest coast of India, north of a line extending from the southern point of Sri Lanka to the southernmost of the Maldive Islands, and east of the Maldives and the Laccadive Islands belonging to India. | ||
| [[File:LocationMozambiqueChannel.png | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:PersianGulf vue satellite du golfe persique.jpg | thumb | left]] |
| [[File:Red Sea map.svg | thumb | left]] |
|}
Southern Ocean
| [[File:Southern Ocean.png | right | thumb]] |
|---|
| Southern seas : Statistics | Region | Area | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| million km2 | Volume | |||||||
| million cu km | Mean depth | |||||||
| km | Max depth | |||||||
| km | Coastline | |||||||
| km | Fish harvest | |||||||
| million tonnes | Percent | |||||||
| of total | ||||||||
| Amundsen Sea | ||||||||
| Bellingshausen Sea | ||||||||
| Ross Sea | ||||||||
| Cooperation Sea | ||||||||
| Cosmonaut Sea | ||||||||
| Weddell Sea |
| Southern seas: Maps and descriptions | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [[File:Antarctica Map.png | thumb | left]] | |
| [[File:Alexander Island.PNG | thumb | left]] | |
| [[File:Antarctica Map.png | thumb | left]] | |
| The Cooperation Sea | |||
| The Cosmonaut Sea | |||
| [[File:Antarctica 6400px from Blue Marble.jpg | thumb | left | An aerial view of [[Antarctica]]. Weddell Sea is the 'bay' in the top left corner.]] |
Arctic Ocean
| [[File:Severny ladovy ocean.png | right | thumb]] |
|---|
Notes
References
- World Ocean Atlas (2005) World ocean databasee. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
- The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (2007) The World Ocean. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
- Jacques, Peter (2006) Globalization and the world ocean Rowman Altamira.
- Eakins, B.W. and G.F. Sharman (2010) "Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1" NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO.
References
- [http://encarta.msn.com/media_461547746/The_World's_Oceans_and_Seas.html ''The World's Oceans and Seas.''] {{Webarchive. link. (2006-02-24 Encarta. Retrieved 19 April 2008.)
- FAO 2005 statistics: [http://www.fao.org/fishery/ Fisheries and Aquaculture.] Includes [[fish]], [[crustacean]]s, and [[mollusc]]s, does not include marine mammals or aquatic plants.
- CIA Factbook: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613024048/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/zn.html ''Pacific ocean.'']
- CIA Factbook: [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/oceans/atlantic-ocean/ ''Atlantic ocean.'']
- CIA Factbook: [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/oceans/indian-ocean/ ''Indian ocean.'']
- CIA Factbook: [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/oceans/southern-ocean/ ''Southern ocean.'']
- CIA Factbook: [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/oceans/arctic-ocean/ ''Arctic ocean.'']
- Elert, Glenn [http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/SyedQadri.shtml ''Volume of Earth's Oceans.''] The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
- "[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9374340/Pacific-Ocean Pacific Ocean]". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Concise]].'' 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- "Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas - Part I: Sea Surface Height". ERC-Stennis at Mississippi State University.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20051106040603/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/11/03/ap/tech/mainD8DKNQH80.shtml Bleaching Threatens Caribbean Coral Reefs]. CBS News. URL accessed on April 29, 2006.
- [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3679332.stm Alarm sounded for Caribbean coral]. BBC News. URL accessed on April 29, 2006.
- [http://na.nefsc.noaa.gov/lme/text/lme12.htm#fish LME 12: Caribbean Sea] {{webarchive. link. (2006-05-04 NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center Narragansett Laboratory. URL last accessed May 14, 2006.)
- "GULF OF MEXICO". Texas State Historical Association.
- Pinet, Paul R. (1996) Invitation to Oceanography, St Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., (3rd ed.), p.202
- Pinet, p. 206
- Pinet, pp. 206–7
- Pinet, p. 207
- "Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental issues".
- "SCADPlus: Barcelona Convention: protecting the Mediterranean Sea".
- "Mediterranean Monk Seal Fact Files: Overview".
- (2005). "Marine Litter: An analytical overview". United Nations Environment Programme.
- [http://www.oceanlight.com/lightbox.php?lr=Bay_of_Bengal Phillip Colla Natural History Photography] URL accessed January 21, 2007
- [http://www.newagebd.com/2005/jan/05/nature.html Naturalist: On the swatch of no ground: Mashida R Haider goes to the Bay of Bengal and comes back full of the marine life there] {{webarchive. link. (2010-11-30 URL accessed January 21, 2007)
- [http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/data/S_attenuata/s_attenuata.htm CMS: Stenella attenuata, Pantropical spotted dolphin] {{webarchive. link. (2007-02-03 URL accessed January 21, 2007)
- (2008). "Hydrographic Survey Results". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
- (2005). "Red Sea & Gulf of Aden". United Nations Environment Programme.
- (2005-07-03). "US Coalition Presence in Gulf Helps Cut Piracy: Commander". Arab News.
- FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly
- Siliotti, A. (2002) ''fishes of the red sea'' Verona, Geodia {{ISBN. 88-87177-42-2
- Urbina, Ian. (July 28, 2015). "A Renegade Trawler, Hunted for 10,000 Miles by Vigilantes". The New York Times.
- NZ National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (2003) [www.niwa.cri.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/29842/fau-2003-06.pdf ''Fisheries & Aquaculture Update.''] No 6. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- [http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean] K. Aagaard and R. A. Woodgate, Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington, January 2001. Retrieved 7 December 2006.
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