Nowy Targ

Toponymy

In 1233, a settlement called in () or is mentioned in the vicinity of the present town. Later, a settlement of Novum Forum, Neoforum was established in the new place. The name of the town was spelled in or Nowytarg.

The town's full official name is Królewskie Wolne Miasto Nowy Targ, which can be translated as 'Royal Free Town Nowy Targ'. Nowy Targ was a royal town of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and was granted staple right in 1638. In nearby Slovakia, the town is known as Nový Trh.

Nowy Targ is commonly called in the Goral dialect of . During the foundation period, the town was called the German name Neumarkt, and during the Austrian partition it was called Naj-Mark () by local Jews. During the German occupation of Poland, the authorities of the General Government introduced the official name of Neumarkt am Dohnst.

Timeline of town history

• 1308 - Cistercians receive a land grant to form new settlements in the mountain region. A border settlement called Stare Cło (, ) is founded soon thereafter.
• 1346 - Nowy Targ founded by King Casimir the Great, based on the Stare Cło settlement, and granted significant internal autonomy based on Magdeburg law.
• 1487 - King Casimir IV Jagiellon grants the rights to two annual festivals, and a weekly market fair on Thursdays. (The weekly open-air market continues to this day, now on Thursday and Saturday mornings.)
• 1533 - Nowy Targ obtains a statute requiring merchants to pass through the city when crossing the border.
• 1601 - Great fire destroys the parochial church and city records.
• 1656 - Swedish troops sack the town during the Deluge.
• 1670 - The Battle of Nowy Targ occurs ending the Peasant rebellion in Podhale of Gorals
• 1710 - Another fire consumes 41 houses and the church.
• 1770 - Nowy Targ annexed by Austria (see: Partitions of Poland).
• 1886 - City Hall opens.
• 1914 - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is arrested as a possible spy in southern Poland by Austrian authorities; he is jailed in Nowy Targ for approximately 12 days.{{cite book |last=Krupskaya |first=Nadezhda | author-link1 = Nadezhda Krupskaya |date= 5 September 2017|title=Мой муж - Владимир Ленин |trans-title=My husband - Vladimir Lenin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cR0sDwAAQBAJ |language=RU |publisher=Издательство Алгоритм |isbn=978-5040661091}}
• 1918 - The region rejoins the restored Poland after World War I.
• 1933 - Polish president Ignacy Mościcki visits.
• 1939 - German forces invade on 1 September, at approx. 16:30.
• 1941 - Resistance movement called the Tatra Confederation formed in Nowy Targ.
• 1942 - Jewish ghetto liquidated by Nazis on 30 August.
• 1945 - The Red Army forces out German occupants on 29 January. Several Jewish Holocaust survivors who returned home, to the town, are murdered in a pogrom by locals (some of whom were associated with the right-wing nationalist National Armed Forces (NSZ) and the rest flee.
• 1966 - Born Wojciech Wiercioch, Polish writer.
• 1979 - Pope John Paul II visits Nowy Targ on 8 June, during his first pilgrimage to Poland.

Geography

Nowy Targ is located in the heart of Podhale (one of the Goral Lands) at the altitude of 585–850 m above sea level (AMSL); latitude 49°28' N, longitude 20°01' E. Distance to the main urban agglomerations in Poland is: Warsaw – 376 km, Łódź – 348 km, Kraków – 84 km, Gdańsk – 690 km, Wrocław – 346 km, Katowice – 157 km, Kielce – 200 km, Rzeszów – 214 km, Szczecin – 727 km, Białystok - 574 km, Poznań – 475 km, Częstochowa – 226 km, Słupsk – 759 km.

Climate

Due to its altitude, Nowy Targ is one of the coldest cities in Poland together with Suwałki and Zakopane. Winter usually lasts from late November to early April and between 90 and 110 days a year there is a snow cover. Air frost has been measured in every month of the year except for July. Summers are mild with occasional thunderstorms and high temperatures between 17 and 25 degrees Celsius. Hot days (over 30 °C) are rare, only occurring twice annually on average. Precipitation is heavy for Polish standards, varying between 900 mm at the airport and 1100 mm in Kowaniec to around 1350 mm on Bukowina Miejska, the highest part of the city. The growing season equally varies between on average 150 days on Bukowina Miejska to around 200 days in the lower parts of the city. Nowy Targ is in the AHS Heat Zones 1-2 and USDA Hardiness Zone 4a to 5b, depending on the location.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Nowy Targ straddles the border of the Warm Summer Continental (Dfb) and Subarctic (Dfc) climates, with most of the city falling in the Dfb group. The Dfc climate is only found above 800 mof elevation within Nowy Targ.

| Jan record high C = 15.5 | Feb record high C = 17.3 | Mar record high C = 20.8 | Apr record high C = 26.5 | May record high C = 30.1 | Jun record high C = 32.8 | Jul record high C = 33.3 | Aug record high C = 34.0 | Sep record high C = 29.8 | Oct record high C = 25.7 | Nov record high C = 22.3 | Dec record high C = 14.2 | year record high C = 34.0 | Jan record low C = -37.4 | Feb record low C = -34.1 | Mar record low C = -25.6 | Apr record low C = -13.5 | May record low C = -6.1 | Jun record low C = -3.5 | Jul record low C = 0.9 | Aug record low C = -2.2 | Sep record low C = -5.8 | Oct record low C = -14.1 | Nov record low C = -22.7 | Dec record low C = -28.9 | year record low C = -37.4

Culture

• City Cultural Center (Miejski Ośrodek Kultury)
• Youth Cultural Center (Młodzieżowy Dom Kultury)
• The Jatka Gallery (Galeria Jatki)

Museums

• Museum of Podhale (Muzeum Podhalańskie PTTK)

Cinemas

• Cinema "Tatry"

Architecture

St. Anna Church

Wooden church overseeing the city cemetery. Its origins date to the 15th century, although local legends describe it as founded in 1219.

Initially built in a gothic style, it was later repaired and rebuilt featuring, among others, a baroque altar piece and paintings, a rococo pulpit, and 18th-century organ and bell tower.

St. Catherine Church

Dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria, the church was built in 1346 by King Casimir the Great. It is the oldest existing church of the Podhale region.

The church has been damaged by numerous fires and military attacks, and subsequently rebuilt and renovated. The interior retains its baroque character, especially in the altar and side chapels, although numerous pieces are replicas of wooden originals lost to fire. A painting of St. Catherine from 1892 dominates the main altar.

Education

• Podhalańska Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa in Nowy Targ

Sport

Ice hockey

• Podhale Nowy Targ

Floorball

• KS Szarotka Nowy Targ
• KS Górale Nowy Targ

The Conservation of Nature

Nature reserves

• Bor na Czerwonem - a reserve in Nowy Targ where the protected Drosera rotundifolia, Mountain Pine and Black Grouse grow.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Nowy Targ is twinned with:

• GER Radevormwald, Germany
• SVK Kežmarok, Slovakia
• FRA Évry, France
• ITA Roverbella, Italy

References

;Notes

References

1. "Wyniki badań bieżących – Baza Demografia – Główny Urząd Statystyczny".
2. Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski: ''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich'', Warszawa 1880, tom VII, s. 307–310.
3. Stan Lewicki, ''Historja handlu w Polsce na tle przywilejów handlowych: (prawo składu)'', Warszawa 1920, s. 139.
4. (2015). "English-Yiddish dictionary of place-names". Bedek Media Group.
5. Mieczysław Adamczyk, et al. ''Dzieje miasta Nowego Targu (History of the City of Nowy Targ),'' p.35, Podhalańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk: 1991.
6. Mieczysław Adamczyk, et al., op. cit. Quoted after: J. Rafacz, ''Dzieje i ustrój Podhala Nowotarskiego za czasów dawnej Rzeczypospolitej,'', p. 161, Warszawa: 1931.
7. Robert Kowalski. "Nowy Targ – pierwsze niepodległe. W stulecie odzyskania niepodległości 1918-2018".
8. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/11/21/the-survivors-silence-remembering-the-nuremberg-trials
9. https://www.holocausthistoricalsociety.org.uk/contents/ghettosj-r/nowytarg.html
10. https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1159105
11. [http://podhalenowytarg.pl/kh/ Podhale Nowy Targ]
12. "Oficiálne stránky mesta Kežmarok". kezmarok.sk.