Northern Dobruja

History

Around 600 BC, the Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numerous fortresses: Tomis (today's Constanța), Callatis, Histria, Argamum, Heracleea, Aegysus. The Greeks engaged in trade with the Dacians who lived on the main land. Dobruja became a Roman province after the conquest of the Dacian Tribes. One of the best preserved remnants of this period is the Capidava fortress.

Between the 7th and 14th century, Dobruja was part of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire.

For a long period in the 14–15th century, Dobruja became part of Wallachia. The territory fell under Ottoman rule from the mid-15th century until 1878, when it was awarded to Romania for its role in the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, and as compensation for the transfer of a region partly overlapping Southern Bessarabia.{{Cite book Under the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, Romania received Northern Dobruja while the newly restored Principality of Bulgaria received the smaller southern part of the region. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Romania also annexed the Bulgarian Southern Dobruja, which it ruled until the signing of the 1940 Treaty of Craiova. The treaty was approved by Britain, Vichy France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union and the United States. It included a population exchange which removed the Bulgarian minority from Northern Dobruja, which was evacuated to the southern part. At the same time, the Romanians (including Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians) from Southern Dobruja were brought north of the border. There also is a Csángó Hungarian village in Northern Dobruja, in the Constanța County, known as Oituz.

Geography

The territory of Northern Dobruja now forms the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a total area of 15,570 km2 and a current population of slightly under 900,000.

Cities

• Constanța
• Tulcea
• Medgidia
• Mangalia

Rivers

• Danube
• Casimcea
• Slava
• Taița
• Telița

Lakes

• Crapina Lake
• Jijiei Lake
• Traian Lake
• Babadag Lake
• Razim Lake
• Zmeica Lake
• Sinoe Lake
• Tașaul Lake
• Techirghiol Lake

Danube Delta

Main article: Danube Delta

The Danube Delta consists of numerous lakes. The most important ones are:

• Roșu
• Isac
• Gorgova
• Furtuna
• Ledeanca
• Tatanir
• Merhel
• Matița
• Uzlina
• Dranov
• Lumina
• Puiu
• Puiuleț

Demographics

Ethnic composition

The table below shows Romanian statistics throughout the years:

:1According to the 1926–1938 Romanian administrative division (counties of Constanța and Tulcea), which excluded a part of today's Romania (chiefly the communes of Ostrov and Lipnița, now part of Constanța County) and included a part of today's Bulgaria (parts of General Toshevo and Krushari municipalities) :2Only Russians. (Russians and Lipovans counted separately)

Symbols

Starting with 2015, Romania observes Dobruja Day on November 14, marking the 1878 incorporation of Northern Dobruja into the Kingdom of Romania after the Treaty of Berlin.

References

References

5. [https://danubelimes-robg.eu/index.php/en/45en]
6. ''The New York Times'', July 26, 1940, ''[https://www.nytimes.com/1940/07/26/archives/bulgarian-claims-backed-by-british-fundamental-justice-is-seen-in.html "Britain recognizes the "fundamental justice" of Bulgaria's claim against Rumania for return of the wheat-growing section of Southern Dobruja"]''
7. Кузманова, Антонина. От Ньой до Крайова. Въпросът за Южна Добруджа в международните отношения /1919-1940/, София 1989, с. 287-288.
8. Deletant, Dennis. (2006). "Hitler's forgotten ally: Ion Antonescu and his regime, Romania 1940-1944". [[Palgrave Macmillan]].
9. Costea, Maria. (2009). "Aplicarea tratatului româno-bulgar de la Craiova (1940)". Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane "Gheorghe Șincai" al Academiei Române.
10. Țîrcomnicu, Emil. (2014). "Historical aspects regarding the Megleno-Romanian groups in Greece, the FY Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Romania". Memoria Ethnologica.
11. Iancu, Mariana. (25 April 2018). "Fascinanta poveste a ceangăilor care au ridicat un sat în pustiul dobrogean stăpânit de șerpi: "Veneau coloniști și ne furau tot, până și lanțul de la fântână"". [[Adevărul]].
12. "Populația stabilă pe sexe, după etnie – categorii de localități, macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare și județe". Institutul Național de Statistică.
13. K. Karpat, '': Correspondance Politique des Consuls. Turguie (Tulqa). 1 (1878) 280-82''
14. G. Dănescu, ''Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique''
15. Roman, I. N.. (1919). "La Dobrogea Roumaine. Études et documents".
16. Mănuilă, Sabin. (1939). "La Population de la Dobroudja". Institut Central de Statistique.
17. "Populația după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930–2002, pe judete". Guvernul României — Agenția Națională pentru Romi.
18. "Ethnic population at the censuses in the period 1930–2021". [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania).
19. (7 October 2015). "Legea nr. 230/2015 privind instituirea zilei de 14 noiembrie - Ziua Dobrogei". [[Monitorul Oficial]].