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Normorphine

Chemical compound

Chemical compound

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Normorphine is an opiate analogue, the N-demethylated derivative of morphine, that was first described in the 1950s when a large group of N-substituted morphine analogues were characterized for activity. The compound has relatively little opioid activity in its own right, but is a useful intermediate which can be used to produce both opioid antagonists such as nalorphine, and also potent opioid agonists such as N-phenethylnormorphine. with its formation from morphine catalyzed by the liver enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C8.

Normorphine is a controlled substance listed under the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs 1961 and the laws in various states implementing it; for example, in the United States it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance, with an ACSCN of 9313 and an annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 18 grams in 2014, unchanged from the prior year. The salts in use are the free base hexahydrate (free base conversion ratio 0.715), and hydrochloride (0.833).

References

References

  1. Anvisa. (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial". [[Diário Oficial da União]].
  2. (October 1953). "N-Substituted epoxymorphinans". Journal of the American Chemical Society.
  3. (March 1958). "Human pharmacology and addiction liability of normorphine". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
  4. (November 1958). "Analgesic potency of normorphine in patients with postoperative pain". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
  5. (January 1975). "Urinary excretion of morphine and its metabolites in morphine-dependent subjects". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
  6. (August 2003). "Identification of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 as the major cytochrome P450 s responsible for morphine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes". Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems.
  7. "Quotas - 2014". DEA Diversion Control Division.
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4,5-epoxymorphinans opiates hydroxyarenes secondary-alcohols opioid-metabolites
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