Neosabellaria cementarium

Description

Neosabellaria cementarium lives in a tube which it creates by cementing together grains of sand. This is attached along its length to a rock, shell or other hard substrate. At first it is short but it is widened and extended as the worm grows, sometimes reaching a length of more than 7 cm and a diameter of 4 mm. The worm is largely hidden within the tube but it has a yellow or golden-coloured operculum and a number of fine tentacles which it extends in order to feed. Sometimes the tubes are solitary and sometimes they are grouped together but this species does not form reefs.

In California, Neosabellaria cementarium can be confused with the sandcastle worm (Phragmatopoma californica). The latter is a reef-building worm and its tentacles and operculum are purple rather than yellow.

Distribution

Neosabellaria cementarium is found in a range extending from Alaska to southern California.

Biology

Neosabellaria cementarium has trochophore larvae which form part of the plankton. Each larva has a ciliated band with two bundles of long, barbed setae (bristles), one on each side of its body. These are fanned out when the larva is feeding and seem to have a defensive function, perhaps preventing a predator from recognizing the larva as a prey item or irritating the mouth tissues of comb jellies or other predators. Another band of short cilia at the posterior end of the larva enable it to swim, and when it is doing this, the setae are held alongside the body.

In Puget Sound, Washington, aggregations of up to 3,500 tubes of Neosabellaria cementarium per square metre at depths of between 15 and were found to provide a habitat to a diverse range of other organisms not found in adjacent areas.

Neosabellaria cementarium is one of a number of fouling organisms that live as epibionts on the shells of scallops such as Chlamys hastata and Chlamys rubida.

References

References

1. Fauchald, Kristian. (2010). "''Neosabellaria cementarium'' (Moore, 1906)".
2. Lescinsky, Halard L.. (1993). "Taphonomy and Paleoecology of Epibionts on the Scallops ''Chlamys hastata'' (Sowerby 1843) and ''Chlamys rubida'' (Hinds 1845)". PALAIOS.
3. James Watanabe. "Polychaeta: ''Sabellaria cementarium''". SeaNet: Common Marine Organisms of Monterey Bay, California.
4. Maslakova, Svetlana. (2010-05-25). "Invertebrate embryology: ''Sabellaria cementarium'' larvae". Oregon Institute of Marine Biology.
5. (1994). "Macrobenthic associates of bioherms of the polychaete ''Sabellaria cementarium'' from northern Puget Sound, Washington". Canadian Journal of Zoology.