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NCAA Division I independent schools (ice hockey)

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Summary

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NCAA Division I independent schools are teams that compete in NCAA ice hockey but are not members of a conference. There are several current schools who, at one time or another, competed as Division I independents. Beginning in the 2025–26 season, the independent schools will compete for the United Collegiate Hockey Cup, an end-of-season tournament that will function as a de facto conference championship.

Current independent programs

Men

InstitutionTeamLocationFoundedTypeEnrollmentYearsPrimary Conference
Long Island UniversitySharksBrooklyn & Brookville, New York1926Private15,1972020–presentNortheast Conference
University of Alaska AnchorageSeawolvesAnchorage, Alaska1954Public15,1741984–1985
1988–1993
2022–presentGNAC
University of Alaska FairbanksNanooksFairbanks, Alaska1917Public6,8131925–1985
1988–1993
2021–presentGNAC
Lindenwood UniversityLions, Missouri1827Private6,4912022–presentOhio Valley Conference
Stonehill CollegeSkyhawksEaston, Massachusetts1948Private2,5002022–presentNortheast Conference

Future independent program

Men

InstitutionTeamLocationFoundedTypeEnrollmentYearsPrimary Conference
Tennessee State UniversityTigersNashville, Tennessee1912Public
(HBCU)8,198TBAOhio Valley Conference

History of current independents

Alaska played infrequently as an independent program prior to 1985. It returned to independent status after the Great West Hockey Conference dissolved in 1988 and then joined the CCHA in 1995. The team was one of two final members of the men's division of the WCHA in 2021 and formally dissolved the men's side of the conference in 2021 (the WCHA remains in operation as a women-only league).

Alaska-Anchorage first moved to D1 status in hockey in 1984, and played its first couple years as an independent before joining the newly founded GWHC alongside the Nanooks. After it dissolved, the Seawolves also played as an independent before joining the WCHA in 1994, around the same time Alaska joined the nearby CCHA. In 2020, the University of Alaska announced that UAA hockey would be cut after the 2020–21 season due to a reduction in state funding unless the program could raise 3 million dollars, and the program went on hiatus that year while its future was uncertain. Ultimately, the program was saved, and it returned to play in the 2022–23 season as an independent, following the dissolution of the men's side of its former conference, the WCHA.

The LIU Sharks launched their men's program for the 2020–21 season, a year after starting a women's ice hockey program.

With the 2020–21 season dramatically impacted by COVID-19, LIU was in a scheduling alliance with a Division I conferences for that season, Atlantic Hockey.

In 2021–22, Lindenwood fielded two separate men's club teams, each playing at a different level of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA), which governs the sport at club level. On March 23, 2022, Lindenwood announced that it would launch a Division I men's varsity program starting in the 2022–23 season, while maintaining its ACHA program. This announcement came shortly after the school announced it was starting a transition from Division II to Division I in July 2022, joining the non-hockey Ohio Valley Conference.

On April 5, 2022, Stonehill, then a member of the D-II Northeast-10 Conference (NE-10), announced it was joining the Northeast Conference (which also does not sponsor ice hockey) that July, starting its own transition to D-I. Before this announcement, Stonehill had been one of seven NE-10 members that played men's ice hockey under Division II regulations, despite the NCAA not sponsoring a championship event at that level. (All other D-II schools with varsity men's ice hockey play under D-I regulations.)

Women

No women's program has competed as an independent in the National Collegiate division of women's ice hockey, the de facto equivalent of Division I in that sport, since the 2018–19 season. The NCAA has never sponsored a Division II championship in the sport, although it does sponsor a Division III championship.

Five schools competed as independents in the 2018–19 season, all participating in the nascent New England Women's Hockey Alliance (NEWHA), which had originally been established in 2017 as a scheduling alliance among all of the then-current National Collegiate independents. The NEWHA initially included six schools, but Holy Cross left after the inaugural 2017–18 NEWHA season to join Hockey East. The NEWHA officially organized as a conference in advance of the 2018–19 season, but was not officially recognized by the NCAA as a Division I league until the 2019–20 season, by which time the newly launched LIU program had joined as the sixth member.

The newest National Collegiate hockey school is Assumption, which joined the NEWHA for administrative purposes in 2022 but did not start conference play until launching its varsity team a year later. Also, Robert Morris, which had dropped the sport after the 2020–21 season due to COVID-19 impacts, resumed play in 2023–24, returning to its previous conference of College Hockey America (CHA). After the 2023–24 season, CHA merged with the men-only Atlantic Hockey Association, which RMU had rejoined in 2023, to form Atlantic Hockey America. RMU continues to field both teams in the merged conference.

Arenas

Stonehill Skyhawkscolor=#FFFFFF}}"[](stonehill-skyhawks-men-s-ice-hockey)Bridgewater Ice ArenaBridgewater, Massachusetts1,000

Current programs which were at one point independent

Men

SchoolYearsSubsequent conferenceNotes
Air Force Falcons1968–1999CHAJoined the Atlantic Hockey Association in 2006. After the 2024 merger of the Association and CHA, now plays in Atlantic Hockey America.
Arizona State Sun Devils2015–2023NCHCJoined the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC) in 2024.
Army Black Knights1903–1961
1991–1999ECAC
CHAJoined the Atlantic Hockey Association in 2000. After the 2024 merger of the Association and CHA, now plays in Atlantic Hockey America.
Bemidji State Beavers1947–1950dropped programBemidji returned to Division I in 1999 as a charter member of College Hockey America, and moved to the WCHA for 2010–11. The Beavers were among the schools that revived the CCHA in 2021.
Boston College Eagles1917–1961ECACCurrently competes in Hockey East.
Boston University Terriers1917–1943
1945–1961suspended program
ECACCurrently competes in Hockey East.
Brown Bears1897–1906
1926–1961dropped program
ECAC
Clarkson Golden Knights1920–1950Tri-State LeagueClarkson was a member of the Tri-State League concurrently with ECAC from 1961 until the Tri-State's dissolution in 1972.
Colgate Raiders1915–1917
1920–1950
1957–1961dropped program
Tri-State League
ECACColgate dropped their program in 1951 due to the lack of an indoor facility but returned to the ice in 1957.
Colorado College Tigers1937–1951
1958–1959MCHL
WCHAJoined the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC) in 2013.
Cornell Big Red1900–1903
1906–1916
1920–1931
1933–1948
1957–1961dropped program
suspended program
suspended program
dropped program
ECAC
Dartmouth Big Green1905–1918
1919–1961suspended program
ECAC
Denver Pioneers1949–1951
1958–1959MCHL
WCHAJoined the NCHC in 2013.
Harvard Crimson1897–1917
1918–1943
1945–1961suspended program
suspended program
ECAC
UMass Minutemen1908–1939
1947–1951
1953–1961
1993–1994dropped program
dropped program
ECAC Hockey
Hockey EastJoined ECAC 2 in 1964. Dropped program from 1979 until 1993.
Merrimack Warriors1956–1961ECAC HockeyJoined ECAC 2 in 1964. Returned to Division I in 1985 as a D1 independent then joined Hockey East in 1989.
Miami RedHawks1978–1980CCHAJoined the NCHC in 2013.
Michigan Wolverines1922–1951MCHLWas also a member of the Big Ten from 1958 through 1981. Moved to CCHA in 1981. Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Michigan State Spartans1921–1930
1949–1951dropped program
MCHLWas also a member of the Big Ten from 1958 through 1981. Moved to CCHA in 1981. Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Michigan Tech Huskies1919–1951
1958–1959MCHL
WCHAPlayed in the CCHA from 1981–84. Re-joined the WCHA in 1984; became part of the revived CCHA in 2021.
Minnesota Golden Gophers1921–1951MCHLWas also a member of the Big Ten from 1958 through 1981. Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs1930–1932
1946–1949
1961–1965dropped program
MIAC
WCHAJoined the NCHC in 2013.
Minnesota State Mavericks1996–1999WCHAAfter moving up from Division II and before joining the WCHA. Became a member of the revived CCHA in 2021.
New Hampshire Wildcats1924–1961ECACCurrently competes in Hockey East.
Niagara Purple Eagles1997–1999CHANiagara began varsity hockey in 1997, and became a charter member of the CHA in 1999. They moved to the Atlantic Hockey Association for 2010–11, and became members of Atlantic Hockey America upon the Association's merger with CHA after the 2023–24 season.
North Dakota Fighting Hawks1929–1936
1946–1951
1958–1959dropped program
MCHL
WCHAJoined the NCHC in 2013.
Northeastern Huskies1929–1961ECAC HockeyCurrently competes in Hockey East.
Northern Michigan Wildcats1976–1977CCHAJoined the WCHA in 2013; joined the revived CCHA in 2021.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish1912–1927
1968–1971
1984–1991dropped program
WCHA
CCHALeft the CCHA in 2013 for Hockey East; moved to the Big Ten in 2017.
Ohio State Buckeyes1963–1971
1973–1975CCHA
CCHAJoined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Penn State Nittany Lions1940–1944
1946–1947
2012–2013suspended program
dropped program
Big Tenlast=Gigerfirst=Corywork=Altoona Mirrorurl=http://www.altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/541062/Penn-State--close--to-adding-arena--Division-I-hockey.html?nav=746title=Penn State 'close' to adding arena, Division I hockeydate=August 6, 2010access-date=September 13, 2010}} In March 2011, the Big Ten Conference announced that Michigan, Michigan State, and Ohio State would leave the CCHA, and Minnesota and Wisconsin announced that they would leave the WCHA to form a Big Ten hockey conference to begin play in the 2013–14 season.
Princeton Tigers1899–1961ECAC
Providence Friars1926–1927
1952–1954
1955–1961dropped program
Northeast League
ECACCurrently competes in Hockey East.
RPI Engineers1901–1950Tri-State LeagueRensselaer was a member of the Tri-State League concurrently with ECAC from 1961 until the Tri-State's dissolution in 1972.
RIT Tigers2005–2006Atlantic HockeyPlayed first year of its probation period after joining Division I as an independent. Became members of Atlantic Hockey America after Atlantic Hockey's merger with CHA in 2024.
Sacred Heart Pioneers1993–1998MAACBecame founding members of the Atlantic Hockey Association when it spun off from the MAAC after the 2002–03 season. Sacred Heart's membership transferred to Atlantic Hockey America upon the Association's 2024 merger with CHA.
St. Cloud State Huskies1931–1942
1946–1961
1987–1990dropped program
College Division
WCHADropped their program during World War II. Relegated to second-tier level when the division was formalized in 1961. Joined the NCHC in 2013.
St. Lawrence Saints1925–1930
1938–1950dropped program
Tri-State League
Union Dutchmen1903–1904
1905–1911
1919–1920
1921–1942
1947–1949dropped program
dropped program
suspended program
suspended program
dropped programResumed playing in 1975 with ECAC 2. Returned to Division I in 1991 with ECAC Hockey.
Wisconsin Badgers1921–1935
1963–1969dropped program
WCHAJoined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Yale Bulldogs1895–1961ECACYale is the oldest active NCAA program.

Women

SchoolYearsSubsequent conferenceNotes
Clarkson Golden Knights2003–2004ECACPlayed the first year of their program as an independent before joining the ECAC.
Franklin Pierce Ravens2017–2019NEWHAMoved from the Division III NEHC in 2017, joining the NEWHA. Left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
Holy Cross Crusaders2017–2018Hockey EastAfter playing as a de facto Division III program from the varsity program's creation in 1999–2000, joined the NEWHA at its formation in 2017–18 before moving to Hockey East the following season.
Lindenwood Lady Lions2011–2012CHAThe university competed as an independent for the 2011–12 season during the transition process of joining the NCAA from NAIA, during which, the team was reclassifying from ACHA Division I to NCAA Division I. Lindenwood placed an application in Fall 2011 and was accepted as a member of CHA starting in the 2012–13 season. After the 2023–24 season, CHA merged with the men-only Atlantic Hockey Association to create the current Atlantic Hockey America.
Post Eagles2017–2019NEWHAPlayed inaugural women's hockey season of 2016–17 as a Division III independent ineligible for postseason play. Joined the NEWHA at its formation in 2017 and left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
Quinnipiac Bobcats2002–2004CHALeft the ECAC after 2002 and spent two years playing as an independent before joining the CHA. They returned to the ECAC after one season in the CHA.
RPI Engineers2005–2006ECACMoved up from Division III (where they were a member of the ECAC East) in 2005.
Sacred Heart Pioneers2003–2019NEWHAMoved from the Division III ECAC East in 2003. Founding member of the NEWHA in 2017; left independent status upon NCAA recognition of that league.
Saint Anselm Hawks2017–2019NEWHAMoved from the Division III NEHC in 2017, joining the NEWHA. Left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
Saint Michael's Purple Knights2017–2019NEWHAMoved from the Division III NEHC in 2017, joining the NEWHA. Left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
UConn Huskies2000–2001ECACPlayed the first year of their program as an independent before joining the ECAC, and moved to Hockey East in 2002.

Defunct teams

Men

SchoolYearsSubsequent conferenceNotes
Alabama–Huntsville Chargers1987–1992
1998–1999
2010–2013Division II
CHA
WCHAThe Chargers first competed as a Division I independent between stints in Division II. After winning 2 championships and finishing as runners-up twice more, UAH returned to Division I in 1998, spending one season as an independent before becoming a charter member of College Hockey America. Following the demise of the men's side of CHA, and being denied entry to the CCHA, the Chargers were independent for three seasons (2010–11 to 2012–13) until joining the Western Collegiate Hockey Association beginning in the 2013–14 season. The team was temporarily suspended in 2021. The university currently plans to bring the program back when they secure placement in a Division I conference.
Carnegie Tech Tartans1905–1909
1920–1921Intercollegiate League
dropped programThe program was suspended after 1910 when the Intercollegiate League collapsed. The team resurfaced in 1937 in the Penn-Ohio League but discontinued the program in 1940.
Case Rough Riders1909–1911dropped programThe team resurfaced in 1938 in the Penn-Ohio League but discontinued the program after the collapse of the conference in 1941.
Columbia Lions1896–1915
1920–1923
1937–1938dropped program
dropped program
dropped program
Johns Hopkins Blue Jays1894–1898dropped programJohns Hopkins played the first two intercollegiate games against Yale in 1896.
Kent State Golden Flashes1985–1992CCHAProgram folded in 1994.
Illinois Fighting Illini1937–1943dropped program
UIC Flames1981–1982CCHAMoved up from Division II in 1981. Program folded in 1996.
MIT Engineers1900–1961ECACThe program joined the lower-tier division in 1964 and was dropped in 1975.
Northern Arizona Lumberjacks1980–1985GWHCFolded their program after one season in the GWHC due to rink problems.
Penn Quakers1896–1899
1900–1901
1908–1911
1919–1924
1928–1930
1958–1967suspended program
dropped program
dropped program
dropped program
dropped program
ECACProgram ended after the 1977–78 season.
Pittsburgh Panthers1906–1909Intercollegiate LeagueBegan play in the WPHL. The program was dropped when the Intercollegiate League collapsed in 1910. The team restarted with the inception of the Penn-Ohio League in 1937 but was suspended after just two seasons.
Saint Louis Billikens1970–1971CCHASt. Louis was a founding member of the CCHA and continued with the conference until the program was demoted to club status in 1979.
They currently play as an unrecognized Division II team.
Syracuse Orange1911–1913
1923–1928
1939–1940dropped program
dropped program
dropped program
US International Gulls1979–1985GWHCDropped their program in 1988.
Villanova Wildcats1929–1932dropped programReturned as a Division III team and later dropped their program again after the 1997–1998 season for Title IX reasons.
Western Reserve Red Cats1909–1911dropped programThe team resurfaced in 1937 in the Penn-Ohio League but discontinued the program after the collapse of the conference in 1941.

Women

SchoolYearsSubsequent conferenceNotes
North Dakota Fighting Hawks2002–2004WCHAPlayed the first years of their program as an independent before joining the WCHA. Dropped women's ice hockey after the 2016–17 season.

References

References

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