National Security Service (Somalia)

Organization and structure

The NSS was subordinate to the Interior Ministry, and led by General Ahmed Saleebaan Abdalla ("Dafle") right through the 1970s until the mid-1980s. Abdalla was a son-in-law of the General and a member of the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC). After that point, Abdiqasim Salad Hassan directed the agency during the closing years of the Barré regime. Hassan would later become a one-time President of Somalia under the Transitional National Government.

Conceived in the Soviet model and organized with the help of the KGB, the NSS was an elite organization whose key officers maintained close links to Barré's SRC.{{cite web | editor-link = Helen Chapin Metz | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081204103608/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913281,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 4, 2008

NSS prisons

The NSS headquarters and interrogation center in Mogadishu, referred to as Godka or "the Hole", was particularly notorious.{{cite web

1990 dissolution

In 1990 the NSS was formally dissolved as a palliative measure.{{cite web

Similarly, the decision to dismantle the NSC did not guarantee a fair system of justice because other courts, such as the Mobile Military Court and the Regional Security Court, retained the power to sentence people to long prison terms and even death without any pretense of due process. In an effort to show that the government was opening the political system, President Barre resigned as Secretary General of the ruling party, only to be replaced by a son-in-law who for many years headed the NSS.

Politicians with ties to the NSS

Controversy surrounds the activities of the NSS, as well as those politicians who served in or assisted the NSS during the Barre regime. This is a partial list of Somali and Horn of Africa politicians who had known or alleged ties to the NSS:

• Abdiqasim Salad Hassan TNG President of Somalia (2001–2004); as interior minister under Siad Barre, was head of the NSS.
• Ali Mohammed Ghedi TFG Prime Minister of Somalia (2004–present); alleged agent/informer.
• Hassan Abshir Farah TFG Prime Minister of Somalia (2001–2003), Minister of Fisheries (2004–present); allegedly cooperated with the NSS as regional governor in Barre government.
• Dahir Riyale Kahin President of Somaliland (2003–2010) served as the NSS station chief in Berbera.{{cite web
• Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud TFG Minister of Finance (2005–present); President of Southwestern Somalia (2002–present); Colonel in the NSS{{cite web |url-status = dead
• Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti since 1999, was reportedly trained by the NSS.
• Mukther Mohmmed Abdurahman Bullbull Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) since 2003 to 2011 reportedly trained by the NSS
• Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia, reportedly came in contact with the NSS and lived in Mogadishu for a period during the Derg era of Ethiopia, allegedly lived with Afwerki
• Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea, reportedly came in contact with the NSS and lived in Mogadishu for a period during the Derg era of Ethiopia, allegedly lived with Zenawi

Foreign politicians

Former Ethiopian president Meles Zenawi and Eritrean president Isayas Afewerki were also alleged to have had contacts with the NSS. IRIN news wrote, citing an unnamed former official of Somalia, that: "Meles knew Somalia very well, as he lived in Mogadishu when he was a liberation leader in the 1980s. Meles and Eritrean leader Isayas Afewerki “lived together in a villa behind Tawfiq Hotel, north Mogadishu, and were handled by the National Security Service, provided with travel documents and Somali passports, trained and given a Tigrayan radio frequency”, a former senior Somali government official told IRIN".

Successor

In January 2013, the new Federal Government of Somalia established the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) in place of the defunct NSS. Mandated with assuring national security, NISA is headquartered in the capital Mogadishu.

References

References

1. Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M. 1996. The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy. London: Haan, p.74
2. [http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/somalia.html Comparative Criminology. Africa - Somalia] {{webarchive. link. (2007-01-03)
3. (2001-01-02). "An uneasy relationship".
4. (2001-01-02). "An uneasy relationship".
5. (2 January 2001). "An uneasy relationship".
6. (10 January 2013). "Somalia Re-Opens its National Intelligence & Security Agency". Walta Info.