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National Congress of Chile

National legislature of Chile

Summary

National legislature of Chile

FieldValue
nameNational Congress of Chile
native_nameCongreso Nacional de Chile
legislatureLVI legislative period
coa_picCoat of arms of Chile (c).svg
coa_altCoat of arms of Chile
coa_captionCoat of arms of Chilelogo_pic =
house_typeBicameral
foundationJuly 4, 1811
(First National Congress)houses = Senate
Chamber of Deputies
leader1_typePresident of the Senate
leader1Manuel José Ossandón
leader2_typePresident of the Chamber of Deputies
leader2José Miguel Castro
seatsTotal: 205
50 senators
155 deputies
house1Senate
house2Chamber of Deputies
structure1Senadores Chile.svg
structure1_res250px
structure2Diputados Chile.svg
structure2_res250px
** {{color box#FF0000borderdarkgray}} PS (7)
**borderdarkgray}} PPD (6)
**borderdarkgray}} PCCh (2)
** {{Color box#83C926borderdarkgray}} FREVS (2)
**borderdarkgray}} FA (1)
* {{Color boxdodgerblueborderdarkgray}} DC (3)
* {{Color box#808080borderdarkgray}} Independents (2)
**borderdarkgray}} RN (10)
** {{Color box#000080borderdarkgray}} UDI (9)
**borderdarkgray}} Evópoli (3)
** {{Color box#0096BAborderdarkgray}} PSC (2)
**borderdarkgray}} Democrats (2)
**borderdarkgray}} PLR (1)
**borderdarkgray}} FA (23)
** {{color box#FF0000borderdarkgray}} PS (13)
**borderdarkgray}} PCCh (10)
**borderdarkgray}} PPD (9)
** {{Color box#FF03B2borderdarkgray}} PL (5)
**borderdarkgray}} PR (3)
**borderdarkgray}} AH (2)
** {{Color box#83C926borderdarkgray}} FREVS (1)
** {{Color box#808080borderdarkgray}} Independents (1)
* {{Color boxdodgerblueborderdarkgray}} DC (7)
** {{Color box#000080borderdarkgray}} UDI (22)
**borderdarkgray}} RN (22)
**borderdarkgray}} Evópoli (4)
**borderdarkgray}} PLR (12)
** {{Color box#0096BAborderdarkgray}} PSC (7)
**borderdarkgray}} Democrats (6)
**borderdarkgray}} PDG (1)
**borderdarkgray}} AxCh (1)
** {{Color box#808080borderdarkgray}} Independents (6)
term_length* Senators: eight-year term with the option to go for re-election one time
* Deputies: four-year term, may go for re-election two timessession_roomCongreso Nacional de Chile.jpg
session_res250px
meeting_placeEdificio del Congreso Nacional
Valparaíso
Chile
websiteCámara de Diputados
Senado

(First National Congress)| houses = Senate Chamber of Deputies 50 senators 155 deputies Government (18)

  • Government Alliance (18)
    • PS (7)
    • PPD (6)
    • PCCh (2)
    • FREVS (2)
    • FA (1)

External support (5)

  • DC (3)
  • Independents (2)

Opposition (27)

  • Chile Vamos (22)

    • RN (10)
    • UDI (9)
    • Evópoli (3)

  • Others (5)

    • PSC (2)
    • Democrats (2)
    • PLR (1)

Government (67)

  • Government Alliance (67)
    • FA (23)
    • PS (13)
    • PCCh (10)
    • PPD (9)
    • PL (5)
    • PR (3)
    • AH (2)
    • FREVS (1)
    • Independents (1)

External support (7)

  • DC (7)

Opposition (81)

  • Chile Vamos (48)

    • UDI (22)
    • RN (22)
    • Evópoli (4)

  • Others (33)

    • PLR (12)
    • PSC (7)
    • Democrats (6)
    • PDG (1)
    • AxCh (1)
    • Independents (6)

  • Deputies: four-year term, may go for re-election two times| session_room = Congreso Nacional de Chile.jpg Valparaíso Chile Senado

The National Congress of Chile () is the legislative branch of the Republic of Chile. According to the current Constitution (Chilean Constitution of 1980), it is a bicameral organ made up of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate. Established by law No. 18678, the city of Valparaíso is its official headquarters.

Chile's congress is the oldest operational in Latin America and one of the oldest in Ibero-America. The First Chilean National Congress was founded on July 4, 1811, to decide the best kind of government for the Kingdom of Chile during the captivity of King Ferdinand VII in the hands of Napoleon.

The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 155 deputies (Spanish: diputados) elected to four-year terms. Re-election is possible for a maximum of two times, which means that the deputy may remain in the post for up to 12 years. The country has 28 electoral districts (Spanish: distritos electoral) which each elect between 3 and 8 deputies.

The Senate is composed of 50 senators (Spanish: senadores) elected to eight-year terms. Re-election is possible at most one time, which means a senator can remain in the post for up to 16 years. The electoral divisions of the Senate are different from those of the Chamber of Deputies. Each of the 16 regions of Chile forms a senatorial constituency (Spanish: circunscripción senatorial) that elects between 2 and 5 senators.

The Congress's powers, duties and processes are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current constitution of 1980 and through the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18918 published in 1990.

The current electoral system (or voting system) in Chile is proportional and inclusive according to the 2015 update of the organic law No. 18700, article 179 bis.

The National Congress was closed without an immediate renewal of the members of its two chambers during three periods: 1924-1925, June-October 1932 and 1973-1989.

A new four-years legislative period begins with the installation of the National Congress. The LVI legislative period of the Chilean Congress began on March 11, 2022 and will end in 2026.

History

Patria Vieja

Main article: First Chilean National Congress

Patria Nueva

Main article: Chilean Declaration of Independence

Dictatorship 1973-1990

On 13 September 1973, the Government Junta of Chile dissolved Congress.

During the last years of the Pinochet regime, the current building of Congress was built in the port city of Valparaíso, some 140 km west of the country's capital, Santiago. This new building replaced the Former National Congress Building, located in downtown Santiago.

Transition to Democracy

Between 1989 and 2013, elections in Chile were carried out following a binomial voting system, which was prescribed in 1980 during the Military dictatorship of Chile.

The binomial system was considered by most analysts as the main constitutional lock that prevented completion of the Chilean transition to democracy.

References

References

  1. Cabrera-Tapia, Roberto. (2021). "The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System.".
  2. Nacional, Biblioteca del Congreso. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional {{!}} Ley Chile".
  3. Congreso Nacional de Chile, Biblioteca. (2014-11-27). "Limits to the re-election of deputies and senators".
  4. Congreso Nacional de Chile, Biblioteca. (2024-08-26). "DFL 2 FIJA EL TEXTO REFUNDIDO, COORDINADO Y SISTEMATIZADO DE LA LEY Nº18.700, ORGÁNICA CONSTITUCIONAL SOBRE VOTACIONES POPULARES Y ESCRUTINIOS".
  5. Nacional, Biblioteca del Congreso. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional {{!}} Ley Chile".
  6. Biblioteca, Congreso Nacional de Chile. "Organic law about popular vote".
  7. [https://www.theguardian.com/chile/story/0,,1033575,00.html "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile"]. ''The Guardian''. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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