Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome

Signs and symptoms

The most typical presentations were dyspnea (12.3%), menstrual irregularities (24.6%), skin discoloration (33.3%), and abdominal or pelvic distension or mass (93%).

Causes

Previous explanations for the etiology of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome included the possibility of renal outflow obstruction, myomatous arteriovenous shunts, or interference with pulmonary ventilation as possible pathways resulting in the hematological abnormalities that are characteristic of this illness. But these theories have been refuted. The current theory regarding myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome links aberrant EPO production from the myomatous tissue to the observed hematological changes.

Diagnosis

Hematological values such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts are elevated in patients with myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome.

The diagnostic criteria for myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome includes polycythemia, uterine myoma, and return of hemoglobin levels to normal following fibroid excision surgery.

Treatment

Hysterectomy is the most common treatment for myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome. Horwitz and McKelway successfully performed the first myomectomy for myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome. Perioperative bleeding and urogenital injuries were found to be the most frequent surgical complications in myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome cases, which are comparable to those encountered during the resection of a large myomatous uterus.

References

References

1. (March 18, 2023). "Surprising erythrocytosis resolution after myomectomy: myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome". SMC Media.
2. (1953). "POLYCYTHÆMIA WITH FIBROIDS". Elsevier BV.
3. (2020). "More Than a Myoma: A Review of Myomatous Erythrocytosis Syndrome". Elsevier BV.
4. (September 9, 1970). "Secondary polycythemia and uterine leiomyomata.". Canadian Medical Association.
5. Horwitz, Alec. (August 13, 1955). "Polycythemia Associated with Uterine Myomas". American Medical Association (AMA).
6. (1967). "Polycythaemia Associated with Leiomyoma of the Uterus". BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.
7. (1995). "The myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome: A review". Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
8. (2001). "Erythropoietin synthesis by tumour tissues in a patient with uterine myoma and erythrocytosis". Wiley.
9. (1999). "Erythrocytosis and a fibroid". Elsevier BV.
10. (1957). "Polycythemia associated with uterine myomas". Elsevier BV.
11. (1971). "Secondary Polycythaemia due to a Uterine Fibromyoma Producing Erythropoietin". British Journal of Haematology.
12. (2002). "The VALUE national hysterectomy study: description of the patients and their surgery". Wiley.