Mustafa Dzhemilev

Biography

Life in the Soviet Union

Dzhemilev was born to a Crimean Tatar family on 13 November 1943 in Ay-Serez, Crimea, then Russian SFSR, though at the time under Nazi occupation. He was only six months old when his family, with the rest of the Crimean Tatar population, was deported by Soviet authorities in May 1944, soon after Soviet forces retook the peninsula. He grew up in exile, in the Uzbek SSR.

At the age of 18, Dzhemilev and several of his activist friends established the Union of Young Crimean Tatars. He thus began the arduous and long struggle for the recognition of the rights of Crimean Tatars to return to their homeland. Between 1966 and 1986, Dzhemilev was arrested six times for anti-Soviet activities and served time in Soviet prisons and labor camps and lived under surveillance. Dzhemilev is also remembered for going on the longest hunger strike in the history of human rights movements. The hunger strike lasted for 303 days, but he survived due to forced feeding.

He was expelled in the second year from the Tashkent engineers of irrigation and reclamation of agriculture "for unworthy behavior", namely the writing of historical work on the history of Turkic culture in the Crimea before the elimination of the Crimean Khanate from "nationalist" positions.

In May 1989, he was elected to head the newly founded Crimean Tatar National Movement. The same year, he returned to Crimea with his family, a move that would be followed by the eventual return of 250,000 Tatars to their homeland.

Ukrainian politics

During the 1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election he was elected into the Ukrainian parliament on the Rukh list; in 2002, 2006 and 2007 he was re-elected as a member of Our Ukraine.

Interior Minister Yuriy Lutsenko stated in October 2009 that a grouping related to Taliban and Al-Qaeda called "At-Takfir val-Hijra" had been preparing an attempt on Dzhemilev's life; two members of the group were arrested.

In early November 2011, Dzhemilev announced his retirement from politics. But during the 2012 parliamentary elections he joined the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" election list and was re-elected to parliament.

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Dzhemilev was re-elected into parliament after being in the top 10 of the electoral list of Petro Poroshenko Bloc.

In the July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Dzhemilev was placed sixth on the party list of European Solidarity. He was reelected to parliament. Dzhemilev is a member of the Committee on Human Rights, Deoccupation and Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories in Donetsk, Luhansk Regions and Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, National Minorities and Interethnic Relations.

Russian annexation of Crimea

Dzhemilev was in Ankara during the Crimean referendum. After the preliminary results of the referendum were announced, he held a joint press conference with the Turkish foreign minister Ahmet Davutoğlu. Dzhemilev declared that the Mejlis had a stance identical with Turkey in considering the referendum illegal and claimed that the results were manipulated by Russia.

In April 2014, Dzhemilev was handed a document on the Ukrainian border informing him he is banned by federal law from entering Russian territory for five years. The typewritten document was unsigned, with no official heading, and was made public by the Crimean Tatar parliament, the Mejlis. A spokesman for the Russian Federal Migration Service (FMS) said the agency did not have any information on the travel ban.

Russian authorities then issued an arrest warrant for Dzhemilev and placed him on the federal wanted list, allegedly for trying to illegally cross the border when he attempted to return to Crimea.

Awards

Dzhemilev has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize several times, by various NGOs and persons.

In October 1998, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees awarded Dzhemilev the Nansen Medal for his outstanding efforts and "his commitment to the right of return of the Crimean Tatars." In an interview Dzhemilev gave shortly after receiving the Nansen Medal, he emphasized that "when violent means are used, innocent people die, and no just cause can justify the taking of innocent lives." The Crimean Tatar National Movement has been marked by persistent reliance on non-violence.

On 14 April 2014, Dzhemilev was awarded the Order of the Republic by Turkish president Abdullah Gül.

On 3 June 2014, Dzhemilev was awarded as the first recipient of the Solidarity Prize, by the Republic of Poland.

• Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise of the V grade (2001, Ukraine)
• Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise of the IV grade (2003, Ukraine)
• Order for Merits to Lithuania (2015, Lithuania)
• Order of Liberty (2018, Ukraine)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2022)
• Hero of Ukraine (November 13, 2023).
• Medal of Merit (October 28, 2024, Czech Republic).

Notes

References

For more information about Mustafa Dzhemilev and related links to his interviews and writings, see the Web site of the International Committee for Crimea.

Interviews

References

1. (22 November 2011). "BBC News – Regions and territories: Crimea".
2. (2019-04-21). "Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Affairs of Crimean Tatars".
3. (20 June 2015). "Back into exile: The life of Mustafa Dzhemilev is a parable of the Crimean Tatars' struggles". [[The Economist]].
4. (2015). "The fear peninsula: chronicle of occupation and violation of human rights in Crimea". Crimea is Ukraine.
5. International Committee for Crimea – [https://www.iccrimea.org/surgun60.html ''Surgun: Deportation of Crimean Tatars (18 May 1944)'']
6. [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303647204579544140517990618 ''Crimean Prosecutor Threatens Tatar Council With Crackdown''] by Philip Shishkin, Wall Street Journal (5 May 2014)
7. [link broken Джемилев Мустафа]
8. 978-0-7146-5226-9, page 98
9. 978-3-8258-8331-7, page 194
10. [http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/45040/ Dual p], [[Kyiv Post]] (9 July 2009)
11. [https://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/53548/ Police opens case against criminal organization in Crimea], [[Kyiv Post]] (25 November 2009)
12. {{in lang. ru [http://lenta.ru/news/2011/11/08/krymtatar/ Лидер крымских татар объявил об уходе из политики], [[Lenta.Ru]] (8 November 2011)
13. [http://www.day.kiev.ua/232476/ Mustafa Dzhemiliov is number 12 on the list of the United Opposition “Fatherland”], [[Den (newspaper). Den]] (2 August 2012)
14. [http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/126937/ Party of Regions gets 185 seats in Ukrainian parliament, Batkivschyna 101 – CEC], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (12 November 2012)
15. [https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233747.html General official results of Rada election], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 November 2014)
    [https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233696.html Central Election Commission announces official results of Rada election on party tickets], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (11 November 2014)
16. "Десятка партії Порошенка: Парубій, Геращенко, Джемілєв".
17. [https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/2748306-cec-counts-100-percent-of-vote-in-ukraines-parliamentary-elections.html CEC counts 100 percent of vote in Ukraine's parliamentary elections], [[Ukrinform]] (26 July 2019)
    {{in lang. ru [https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2019/07/21/7221526/ Results of the extraordinary elections of the People's Deputies of Ukraine 2019], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (21 July 2019)
18. "Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України".
19. [https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/26025327.asp Davutoğlu: Referandumun sonuçları kabul edilemez], [[Hürriyet]] (17 March 2014)
20. (22 April 2014). "Crimean authorities move against Tatars and their leader". [[Euronews]].
21. Гальперович, Данила. (27 January 2016). "Golos-ameriki". [[Voice of America]].
22. (2 February 2011). "Mustafa Dzhemilev nominated for Nobel Peace Prize".
23. (25 April 2014). "Tatarstan NGOs Propose Crimean Tatar Leader For Nobel Peace Prize". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
24. "Mustafa Dzhemilev for Nobel Peace Prize – Le Jeune Turc – My Telegraph".
25. (15 April 2014). "Cumhurbaşkanı Gül'den, Kırım Tatarları Lideri Kırımoğlu'na Cumhuriyet Nişanı (Turkish)". [[Çankaya Köşkü.
26. (7 May 2014). "Mustafa Dżemilew pierwszym laureatem Nagrody Solidarności". Polish MFA.
27. "Mustafa Dzhemilev wins first Solidarity Prize".
28. "Del Lietuvos Respublikos ir uzsienio valstybiu pilieciu apdovanolimo lietuvos valstybes ordinais ir medaliais liepos 6-osios – valstybes dienos proga".
29. (2019-04-22). "Президент привітав лідера кримськотатарського народу Мустафу Джемілєва з ювілеєм — Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України".
30. "Dzhemilev, three other Crimean Tatars receive Poland's state awards".
31. [https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/7492023-48873 Decree of the president of Ukraine NO. 749/2023]
32. (28 October 2024). "PŘEHLEDNĚ: Seznam všech vyznamenaných". Borgis.