Muscle worship

Background

The Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices lists sthenolagnia ("sexual arousal from displaying strength or muscles") and cratolagnia ("arousal from strength") as paraphilias associated with the practice of wrestling for erotic purpose, although there have been no studies concerning them. Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices, the 2008 comprehensive monograph of Anil Aggrawal, only defines the two terms, and does not provide any additional information.

As with many BDSM-related practices, the amount of force and pain involved depends on the desires of the participants. While some dominants might use their size and strength to pin a smaller worshiper, thereby forcing that worshiper to come in contact with the dominant's muscles, others might only display their muscles and allow a worshiper to touch them. People who participate in muscle worship generally find the practice sexually arousing, but some male bodybuilders offer muscle worship sessions only for monetary gain, as bodybuilding does not always guarantee a steady income. For well-known competitors, this can also draw in fans who want a chance to meet with and touch the muscles of bodybuilders whom they idolize.

Muscle worship is a fetish among some gay men, giving rise to a number of websites that display bodybuilders posing for admirers and offering private online posing shows. There are also sites devoted to women who enjoy worshiping male bodybuilders. Many other sites are oriented towards straight men and lesbian women who enjoy worshipping female bodybuilders and other fit, muscular women, either virtually or by arranging for in-person sessions.

In his book Death, Drugs, and Muscle: Surviving the Steroid Underworld, bodybuilder Gregg Valentino called muscle worship a "taboo subject in the world of muscle," and noted that Arnold Schwarzenegger might have participated in muscle worship sessions in the past.

In her master's thesis, Margaret Bourke-White considered Wilkie Collins' Man and Wife (1870) "a satire on muscle worship," as Collins criticized the excessive "glorification in England...of the mere physical qualities which an Englishman shares with the savage and the brute...[t]he manhood and muscles of England resemble the wool and mutton of England..." Therefore, muscle worship has also been used in reference to athletocracy, the preference of coaches towards elite athletes, as Arnold Lunn condemned the "school tradition of muscle worship" his novel The Harrovians (1913).

In a similar vein of criticism, Kōbō Abe's The Ark Sakura (1984) contains a quarry, populated in part, by the Olympic Prevention League who shout "Down with muscle-worship!" Another critic, Jean-Marie Brohm, holds that muscle worship is part of the "dominant ideology of sport, writing "[a]ll the values of the capitalist jungle are played out in sport: virility, sexual athleticism, physical dominance, the superman, muscle worship, fascistic male chauvinism, racism, sexism etc."

Dance critic John Martin maintained that late-19th century dance focused on muscle culture, when "[e]very boy wanted to be a Sandow, and the muscle that was somehow of primary importance was the biceps." Martin further derided that "when certain spectacular muscles are developed to inordinate size they merely interefere with movement and the body becomes muscle bound." In researching for his 2002 book, Skipping Towards Gomorrah, Dan Savage received an advance from eventual publisher Dutton to explore the seven deadly sins, which included paying "a male escort with a body like an SUV whose specialty was "muscle worship" and who liked having his feet kissed for $500 an hour."

In the documentary Supersize She, Joanna Thomas said she could not be a professional bodybuilder and work a job, which is why she had a members only subscription website. One of her photographers said that the people on her website were "attracted to large biceps and vascularity, the veins. It's all about the movement and it's all about the muscles swelling and blood flowing though the muscles."

References

Sources

• {{cite book |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220907100912/https://books.google.pl/books?id=PP8h6_h5usQC&pg=PT24&dq=%22muscle+worship%22+-wikipedia&hl=pl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiE0L_Lr4L6AhUqposKHbStBzoQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=%22muscle%20worship%22%20-wikipedia&f=false |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |url-status=live

References

1. John Edward Campbell, ''Getting it on online: cyberspace, gay male sexuality, and embodied identity'', Routledge, 2004, {{ISBN
2. Benoit Denizet-Lewis, ''America Anonymous: Eight Addicts in Search of a Life'', Simon and Schuster, 2009, {{ISBN
3. ''Hunks, hotties, and pretty boys'', Cambridge Scholars, 2008, {{ISBN. 1-4438-0018-X, pp. 159–164
4. Shaun Assael, ''Steroid Nation'', ESPN Books, 2007, {{ISBN. 1-933060-37-9, [http://www.t-nation.com/free_online_article/sex_news_sports_funny_grok/steroid_nation book excerpt]
5. ''American Beauty'', [[HBO Special]] Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, #160 aired on July 14th, 2010 [http://www.hbo.com/real-sports-with-bryant-gumbel/#/real-sports-with-bryant-gumbel/episodes/0/160-160-july-14-2010/synopsis.html/ official synopsis], [http://www.ironmagazine.com/blog/2010/hbo-real-sports-takes-easy-route-with-female-bodybuilding-feature/ a text summary and critique], streaming video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4Ey-Bw4W4Y part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axE9WUlLKMY part 2] (the muscle worship proper coverage starts at 3:30 in the 2nd part)
6. Love, Brenda. (1994). "The Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices". Barricade Books, Incorporated.
7. Google scholar search returns only [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Sthenolagnia] as of 3 Oct. 2010
8. Aggrawal, Anil. (2008). "Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices". [[CRC Press]].
9. ''[http://five.tv/programmes/hiddenlives/muscleworship/ Muscle Worship] {{Webarchive. link. (26 September 2007 '', Hidden Lives series, [[Channel 5 (UK))
10. Dufour, Derek. (July 2, 2021). "Talking Huge With Craig Golias – EP 5: Muscle Worship and Highest Paid Bodybuilders". [[The Vladar Company]].
11. Ques, Florian. (August 23, 2017). "Dans les coulisses de la sthénolagnie, ou quand les muscles deviennent érotiques". [[:fr:Konbini (site web).
12. Bourke-White, Margaret. (1942). "The Novels of Wilkie Collins". [[Fordham University]].
13. Mangan, James A.. (1976). "Athleticism: A comparative study of the emergence and consolidation of an educational ideology". [[University of Glasgow]].
14. Taylor, Robert. (1988-04-06). "Kobo Abe's Artistic Shipwreck". [[The Boston Globe]].
15. Colaguori, Claudio A.. (2002). "Agon culture: The ideology of conflict and the order of domination". [[York University]].
16. Martin, John. (1933). "The Modern Dance". Princeton Book Company/Dance Horizons.
17. Paynter, Susan. (2002-08-02). "Wallowing in sin is not just an adventure, it's a job". [[Hearst Communications]].