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Muhammad al-Nasir

Caliph of the Almohads from 1199 to 1213

Summary

Caliph of the Almohads from 1199 to 1213

FieldValue
nameMuhammad al-Nasir
titleCaliph of the Almohads
imageGold coin of Almohad ruler Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad (r. 1199-1213).jpg
successionRuler of the Almohad Caliphate
reign25 January 1199–1213
predecessorAbu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
successorYusuf II, Almohad caliph
fatherAbu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
motherZahr
issueYusuf II
dynastyAlmohad
module{{infobox Arabic nameembed=yes
ismMuḥammad
nasabibn Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr ibn Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd al-Mu’min
kunyaAbū ʿAbdallāh
laqabal-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh
birth_datec. 1182
death_date1213 (aged c. 30–31)
spouseQamar
religionIslam

|ism-ar= |nasab-ar= |kunya-ar= |nisba-ar= |laqab-ar=

Muhammad al-Nasir (,* Muḥammad an-Nāṣir*, – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death. Contemporary Christians referred to him as Miramamolín. He took the regnal title of al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh.

On 25 January 1199, al-Nasir's father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new Caliph that very day. Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability. Because of his father's victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia). Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as the governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574.

Dynasty and Iberian presence

He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a Crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III at the request of King Alfonso VIII of Castile. This resulted in his defeat by a Christian coalition at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). He died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son Yusuf al-Mustansir, born of Christian slave Qamar.

Relationship with King John of England

In the early 13th century, John, King of England was under pressure after a quarrel with Pope Innocent III led to England being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices were banned. John himself was excommunicated, parts of the country were in revolt and there were threats of a French invasion.

Writing two decades after the events, Matthew Paris, a St Albans chronicler of the early thirteenth century, claims that, in desperation, John sent envoys to al-Nâsir asking for his help. In return John offered to convert to Islam, to make the country at disposal of the caliph and turn England into a Muslim state. Among the delegates was Master Robert, a London cleric. Al-Nâsir was said to be so disgusted by John's grovelling plea that he sent the envoys away. Historians have cast doubt on this story, due to the lack of other contemporary evidence.

Viziers

  • Abu Zayd bin Yujan (1198–1199)
  • Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs (1199–1205), the future governor of Ifriqiya (see above)
  • Abu Said Uthman ibn Jami (1205–1214)

References

Bibliography

  • Charles-André Julien, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830. 1931.

References

  1. Bennison, Amira K.. (2016-07-05). "Almoravid and Almohad Empires". [[Edinburgh University Press]].
  2. Rademacher, Cay: Der Kampf um Spanien., in: GEO EPOCHE 31, 2008, p. 33.
  3. Lévi-Provençal, Évariste. "al-Nāṣir".
  4. O'Callaghan, Joseph F.. (1975). "A History of Medieval Spain". Cornell University Press.
  5. "Biografia de Yusuf II al-Mustansir Billah".
  6. (21 October 2019). "Maroc-Royaume Uni : Un Passé Glorieux et un Avenir Prometteur".
  7. Chesterton, G.K.. (1925). "[[The Everlasting Man]]". Hodder & Stoughton.
  8. Ronay, Gabriel. (1978). "The Tartar Khan's Englishman". Cassel.
  9. Graham Stewart, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511203812/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/graham_stewart/article3378885.ece The king who wanted Sharia England]. [[The Times]], 16 February 2008
  10. [[John Derbyshire]], [http://www.nationalreview.com/derbyshire/derbyshire101201.shtml United States of Islam]. [[National Review Online]], 12 October 2001
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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