Mount Yamantau

Name

The name of the mountain is derived from Yaman taw (Яман тау), which translates to "evil mountain", "bad mountain", or "wicked mountain" in the local Bashkir language. The meaning behind the name is believed to originate from the many inconveniences of the mountain – a big bear population, surrounding swamps and rocky slopes – resulting in its area being a troublesome herding place.

Geography

Yamantau has two peaks: Big Yamantau 1640 m and Small Yamantau 1,512 m. Both peaks are plateaus, with a big area and flat relief.

Up to 1,000–1,100 m elevation, the mountain slope is covered with mixed forest, in some places with driftwood, occasional alpine meadows and rocky outcrops. Above 1,100 m elevation, there are no trees or bushes, and instead rock streams of various sizes, with grass, flowers and moss start to appear.

Bunker complex claims

Yamantau, along with Kosvinsky Mountain (600 km to the north), are claimed by the United States of being home to a large secret nuclear facility or bunker, or both. Large excavation projects have been observed by U.S. satellite imagery after the fall of the Soviet Union, as recently as the late 1990s during the government of Boris Yeltsin. During the Soviet era two military garrisons, Beloretsk-15 and Beloretsk-16, and possibly a third, Alkino-2, were built on the site. These garrisons were unified into the closed town of Mezhgorye () in 1995, and the garrisons are said to house 30,000 workers each, served by large rail lines.

Repeated U.S. questions have yielded several different responses from the Russian government regarding Yamantau, including it being a mining site, a repository for Russian treasures, a food storage area, and a bunker for leaders in case of nuclear war. Responding to questions regarding Yamantau in 1996, Russia's Defense Ministry stated: "The practice does not exist in the Defense Ministry of Russia of informing foreign mass media about facilities, whatever they are, that are under construction in the interests of strengthening the security of Russia." In 1997, a United States Congressional finding, related to the country's National Defense Authorization Act for 1998, stated that the Russian Federation kept up a "deception and denial policy" about the mountain complex after U.S. officials had given Cheyenne Mountain Complex tours to Russian diplomats, which the finding stated "... does not appear to be consistent with the lowering of strategic threats, openness, and cooperation that is the basis of the post-Cold War strategic partnership between the United States and Russia."

Notes

References

References

1. {{cite opentopomap. Mount Yamantau. 54.255. 58.10365. 2023-04-02
2. (27 June 2019). "Ураловед - гора Ямантау".
3. Blair, Bruce G. (May 25, 2003). "We Keep Building Nukes For All the Wrong Reasons". The Washington Post.
4. Ролдугин, Олег (Roldugin, Oleg). (30 November 2022). "Секретные бункеры Путина. Где и как президент планирует провести ядерную зиму". Собеседник (sobesednik.com).
5. "Weapons of Mass Destruction". Global Security.
6. Gordon, Michael R.. (April 16, 1996). "Despite Cold War's End, Russia Keeps Building a Secret Complex". The New York Times.
7. [https://www.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/house-bill/1119/text/eh PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 1119, NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998 (House of Representatives - June 19, 1997 (SEC. 1209 a.5)]