Mount Elgon

Physical features

Mount Elgon is a massive solitary volcanic mountain on the border of eastern Uganda and western Kenya. Its vast form, 80 km in diameter, rises 3070 m above the surrounding plains. Its cooler heights offer respite for humans from the hot plains below, and its higher altitudes provide a refuge for flora and fauna.

Mt. Elgon consists of five major peaks:

• Wagagai (4321 m), in Uganda
• Sudek (4302 m) on the Kenya/Uganda border
• Koitobos (4222 m), a flat-topped basalt column in Kenya
• Mubiyi (4211 m) in Uganda
• Masaba (4161 m) in Uganda

Other features of note are:

• The Caldera — Elgon's is one of the largest intact calderas in the world.

• Subsidiary craters to the Southwest: All about 25 km across, Bududa, and Manafwa rings intersect the caldera and Bububo with a central plug sits at its edge. The smaller Tororo marks the plain almost 50 km from Elgon’s peak.

• The warm springs by the Suam River

• Endebess Bluff (2563 m)

• Ngwarisha, Makingeny, Chepnyalil, and Kitum caves: Kitum Cave is over 60 m wide and penetrates 200 m into the mountain. The cave contains salt deposits and it is frequented by wild elephants that lick the salt exposed by gouging the walls with their tusks. Richard Preston's book The Hot Zone (1994) described the cave's association with the Marburg virus after two people who had visited it (one in 1980 and another in 1987) contracted the disease and died.Preston, Richard, The Hot Zone : The Terrifying True-Life Thriller, Bantam Books, 1994.

The mountain soil is red laterite. The mountain is the catchment area for several rivers such as the Suam River, which becomes the Turkwel downstream and drains into Lake Turkana, and the Nzoia River and the Lwakhakha River, which flow to Lake Victoria. The towns of Mbale, Uganda and Kitale, Kenya are in the foothills of the mountain. The area around the mountain is protected by two Mount Elgon National Parks, one on each side of the international border.

Fauna

A population of African bush elephants is present around the mountain that ventures deep into caves to access salt licks. This population was formerly present around the entire mountain, but has since been reduced to the Kenyan side, where they venture into Kitum Cave.

There are several disjunct populations of mammal species that are restricted to Mount Elgon, including the Elgon shrew (Crocidura elgonius), Rudd's mole-rat (Tachyoryctes ruddi), and Thomas's pygmy mouse (Mus sorella). There are also several disjunct populations of rare bird species, including Sharpe's longclaw (Macronyx sharpei), Hunter's cisticola (Cisticola hunteri), Jackson's spurfowl (Pternistis jacksoni), and the Elgon francolin (Scleroptila elgonensis).

An endemic subspecies of the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus heterochrous) is restricted to the mountain. The possibly extinct Du Toit's torrent frog (Arthroleptides dutoiti), considered an EDGE species due to its evolutionary distinctiveness, is known only from a single specimen collected on the Kenyan side of the mountain.

Flora

Some rare plants are found on the mountain, including Ardisiandra wettsteinii, Carduus afromontanus, Echinops hoehnelii, Ranunculus keniensis, and Romulea keniensis.

Local ethnicities

Mount Elgon and its tributaries are home to five tribes: the Bagisu, the Mbay, Sor, Sapiiny, Koony, Someek, Pook, and the Ogiek, better known in the region under the derogatory umbrella term Ndorobo.

References

References

1. [http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/africa.html Africa Ultra-Prominences] Peaklist.org.4ktkrtltltlrlrl Retrieved 2012-01-11.
2. [http://peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=11182] peakbagger.com, retrieved 19 March 2017
3. "Uganda Wildlife Authority". www.uwa.or.ug.
4. [http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=11182 "Mount Elgon, Uganda" Peakbagger.com.] Retrieved 11 January 2012
5. NASA. (28 August 2005). "SRTM Africa Images". [[NASA]].
6. "Mount Elgon {{!}} volcano, Africa {{!}} Britannica".
7. "Mount Elgon {{!}} Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center".
8. techadmin. "Kenya Hikes Archives - Page 2 of 2".
9. "What you need to know about Mt. Elgon Park in Uganda -".
10. (2012-05-15). "Underground Elephants Resurface | Wild Kingdom | Animal Planet". Animal.discovery.com.
11. "The Elephants".
12. "BirdLife Data Zone".
13. "Species".
14. "SiteBuilder".
15. Scott, Penny. (1998). "From Conflict to Collaboration: People and Forests at Mount Elgon, Uganda". IUCN.