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Mosul vilayet

First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire

Mosul vilayet
Summary

First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire

FieldValue
native_name
Vilâyet-i Musul
common_nameMosul Vilayet
subdivisionVilayet
nationthe Ottoman Empire
year_start1878
year_end1918
event_endArmistice of Mudros
p1Baghdad Vilayet
flag_p1Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg
s1Mandatory Iraq
flag_s1Flag of Iraq 1924.svg
image_flagFlag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg
image_mapCUINET(1892) 2.800 Mosul Vilayet.jpg
image_map_captionThe Mosul Vilayet in 1892
capitalMosul
todayIraq
stat_year11897
stat_pop1475,415

Vilâyet-i Musul The Mosul Vilayet (; ) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. It was created from the northern sanjaks of the Baghdad Vilayet in 1878. Mosul Vilayet was part of 'the Iraq Region' (Hıtta-i Irakiyye).

At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 29220 sqmi, while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 300,280. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.

The city of Mosul and the area south to the Little Zab was allocated to France in the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement of the First World War, and later transferred to Mandatory Iraq following the Mosul Question.

Administrative divisions

A map showing the administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in 1317 Hijri, 1899 Gregorian, Including the Vilayet of Mosul and its Sanjaks.

thumb|right|250px|Map of subdivisions of Mosul Vilayet in 1907In official Ottoman correspondence, the Mosul Vilayet was considered part of 'the Iraq region', a term that collectively referred to the provinces of Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra. Ottoman officials used this designation in administrative and military documents to emphasize the interconnected nature of these three provinces, which were regarded as forming the core of Ottoman Iraq. This regional framework, which predated the Sykes-Picot Agreement, reflected the Ottoman state's view of Iraq as a coherent and administratively linked zone within the empire. Initially subordinate to the Baghdad Vilayet, Mosul was separated and elevated to vilayet status in 1878, a change that weakened administrative cohesion in the region. The separation reflected broader Ottoman efforts to manage the security and tribal dynamics of Northern Mesopotamia, where frequent uprisings and external pressures from Qajar Persia and Britain made centralized control increasingly difficult.

Sanjaks of the vilayet and their capitals:

  1. Sanjak of Mosul, Mosul
  2. Sanjak of Shahrizor (later renamed Sanjak of Kirkuk), Kirkuk
  3. Sanjak of Sulaymaniyah, Sulaymaniyah

Demographics

According to early 20th-century British intelligence, the vilayet had a Kurdish majority and a Turkoman minority.

NumberPercentage
Kurds520,007
Arabs166,914
Christians61,336
Turks38,652
Yezidis26,257
Jews11,897
Total801,000

Notes

References

  1. Mutlu, Servet. "Late Ottoman population and its ethnic distribution".
  2. "Geographical Dictionary of the World". Concept Publishing Company.
  3. {{Cite EB1911. John Punnett. Peters
  4. Ceylan, Ebubekir. (2011). "The Ottoman Origins of Modern Iraq: Political Reform, Modernization and Development in the Nineteenth Century Middle East". I.B. Tauris.
  5. Ceylan, Ebubekir. (2009). "Namık Paşa’nın Bağdat Valilikleri". Toplumsal Tarih.
  6. (1993). "Musul – Kerkük ile İlgili Arşiv Belgeleri (1525–1919)". T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü.
  7. [https://archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/460/mode/1up Asia] by [[A. H. Keane]], page 460
  8. (1993). "Musul – Kerkük ile İlgili Arşiv Belgeleri (1525–1919)". [[T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü]].
  9. [http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2009/10/musul-vilayeti/ Musul Vilayeti. Tarih ve Medeniyet]
  10. (2009). "Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire". Infobase Publishing.
  11. "Mosul vilayet in the Ottoman empire".
  12. Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division. (1944). "Iraq and the Persian Gulf". [Oxford?] : Naval Intelligence Division.
  13. (2017-04-17). "Iraq".
Wikipedia Source

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