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Moiety (chemistry)

Relatively large characteristic segment of a molecule

Moiety (chemistry)
Summary

Relatively large characteristic segment of a molecule

[[Benzyl acetate]] contains a ''benzyloxy moiety'' (encircled with light orange). It also contains an ''[[ester]] functional group'' (in red), and an ''[[acetyl]] functional group'' (encircled with dark green). Other divisions can be made.

In organic chemistry, a moiety ( ) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.

Active moiety

Active moiety In pharmacology, an active moiety is the part of a molecule or ion—excluding appended inactive portions—that is responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug substance. Inactive appended portions of the drug substance may include either the alcohol or acid moiety of an ester, a salt (including a salt with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex, chelate, or clathrate). The parent drug may itself be an inactive prodrug and only after the active moiety is released from the parent in free form does it become active.

References

References

  1. "moiety".
  2. "Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety".
  3. "functional group".
  4. (1 April 2018). "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". United States Food and Drug Administration.
  5. (22 January 2019). "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Food and Drugs § 314.3". United States Government Publishing Office.
Wikipedia Source

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organic-chemistry
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