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MiR-146

Family of microRNA precursors

Summary

Family of microRNA precursors

FieldValue
NamemiR-146
imageMir-146 SS.png
captionConserved secondary structure of miR-146 microRNA precursor
SymbolmiR-146
AltSymbolsMIR146
RfamRF00691
miRBaseMI0000477
miRBase_familyMIPF0000103
RNA_typemiRNA
Tax_domainMammalia
GO0035195
SO0001244
EntrezGene406938
HGNCid31533
OMIM610566
RefSeqNR_029897
Chromosome5
Armq
Band34

miR-146 is a family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.

miR-146 is primarily involved in the regulation of inflammation and other process that function in the innate immune system. Loss of functional miR-146 (and mir-145) could predispose an individual to suffer from chromosome 5q deletion syndrome. miR-146 has also been reported to be highly upregulated in osteoarthritis cartilage, and could be involved in its pathogenesis. mir-146 expression is associated with survival in triple negative breast cancer.

Function

miR-146 is thought to be a mediator of inflammation along with another microRNA, mir-155. The expression of miR-146 is upregulated by inflammatory factors such as interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. miR-146 dysregulates a number of targets which are mostly involved in toll-like receptor pathways that bring about a cytokine response as part of the innate immune system. miR-146 operates in a feedback system or "negative regulatory loop" to finely tune inflammatory responses.

Applications

miR-146 could be used as a biomarker for sepsis. In addition it was found to be absent from the exosomes of prion infected cells suggesting it could be used as a biomarker for prion infection. miR-146a could be targeted therapeutically as its depletion has implication in the hyperactive response to infection.

References

References

  1. (Dec 2001). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential". Cell.
  2. (Nov 2005). "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing". Cell.
  3. (2023). "Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging". [[Molecular Metabolism]].
  4. (Apr 2008). "MicroRNAs and immunity: novel players in the regulation of normal immune function and inflammation". Seminars in Cancer Biology.
  5. (Jul 2011). "A trio of microRNAs that control Toll-like receptor signalling". [[International Immunology]].
  6. (Apr 2009). "Expression of MicroRNA-146a in osteoarthritis cartilage". Arthritis and Rheumatism.
  7. (2016-12-01). "miRpower: a web-tool to validate survival-associated miRNAs utilizing expression data from 2178 breast cancer patients". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.
  8. (Dec 2008). "Adding fuel to fire: microRNAs as a new class of mediators of inflammation". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.
  9. (Jun 2011). "MicroRNAs in NF-kappaB signaling". Journal of Molecular Cell Biology.
  10. (Sep–Oct 2010). "[MicroRNA's role in sepsis and endotoxin tolerance. More players on the stage]". Chirurgia (Bucur.).
  11. (Nov 2012). "Small RNA deep sequencing reveals a distinct miRNA signature released in exosomes from prion-infected neuronal cells". Nucleic Acids Research.
  12. (2012). "microRNA regulation of inflammatory responses". Annual Review of Immunology.
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This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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