Ministry of Health (Indonesia)

History

Ministry of Health was formed on 19 August 1945. The ministry is responsible for public health affairs in Indonesia. The ministry is led by a minister who is responsible to the president and part of the cabinet. Commonly, the minister usually came from medical doctor, however some of them were military doctor. Since 2009, the government has been required to allocate 5% of state budget for health sector. However, the mandatory 5% state budget for health sector was achieved in 2019.

In 2001, the ministry was merged with Department of Social Affairs () into Department of Health and Social Welfare, however the merger was short-lived and both departments were reestablished. On 27 November 2001, Board for Development and Empowerment of Human Resources for Health () was established.

Government Regulation through President No. 47/2009 concerning the Establishment and Organization of State Ministries issued on November 3 2009, changed all forms of Departments, Offices of State Ministers and Offices of the Coordinating Minister into State Ministries, therefore the nomenclature of the Department of Health () was renamed into Ministry of Health.

On 23 September 2021, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) will be transformed into Agency for Health Policies Development, a regulatory agency intended to provide only policies and standards making for state health activity, no longer doing research as the research part will be relinquished to National Research and Innovation Agency. Thus, on 7 November 2021, the Ministry issued order to NIHRD and its child agencies to halt their activities per 31 December 2021 as unit under auspices of Ministry of Health, effectively started the dismantlement of Balitbangkes. In the order, NIHRD will split into three parts: one part (which is the most) relinquished to BRIN, one part to become BKPK, and the rest of the Balitbangkes part in regional level will be relinquished to local government where the NIHRD branch formerly existed for being transformed into local-government run public health laboratories for being integrated as part of state public health laboratories system.

Ministers

• Boentaran Martoatmodjo (1945)
• Darma Setiawan (1945–1947)
• Johannes Leimena (1947–1949), (1950–1953) & (1955–1956)
• Surono (1949)
• Sutopo (1950)
• Ferdinand Lumbantobing (1953)
• Lie Kiat Teng (1953–1955)
• Handrianus S (1956–1957)
• Abdul Azis Saleh (1957–1959)
• Satrio (1959–1966)
• G.A. Siwabessy (1966–1978)
• Soewardjono Soerjaningrat (1978–1983)
• Adhyatma (1988–1993)
• Sujudi (1993–1998)
• Farid Anfasa Moeloek (1998–1999)
• Achmad Sujudi (1999–2004)
• Siti Fadilah Supari (2004–2009)
• Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih (2009–2012)
• Nafsiah Mboi (2012–2014)
• Nila Moeloek (2014–2019)
• Terawan Agus Putranto (2019–2020)
• Budi Gunadi Sadikin (2020–present)

Organization

The ministry structure consists of:

• Office of the Minister of Health
• Office of the Deputy Minister of Health
• Secretariat General
  • Bureau of Planning and Budgeting ()
  • Bureau of Finance and State Assets ()
  • Bureau of Law ()
  • Bureau of Organisation and Human Resources ()
  • Bureau of Communication and Public Services ()
  • Bureau of Goods and Services Procurement ()
  • Bureau of General Affairs ()
• Directorate General of Public Health ()
  • Secretariat of Directorate General
  • Directorate of Health Promotion and People Empowerment ()
  • Directorate of Nutrition and Mother and Child Health ()
  • Directorate of Productive and Elderly Health ()
  • Directorate of Mental Health ()
  • Directorate of Public Health Governance ()
  • Indonesian Institute for Biomedics and Health Genomics ()
  • Indonesian Institute for Health Biology ()
  • Indonesian Institute for Environmental Health Laboratory ()
  • Public Health Laboratories ()
    • Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Surabaya ()
    • Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Yogyakarta ()
    • Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Palembang ()
    • Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Jakarta ()
    • Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Banjarbaru ()
    • Indonesian Institute for Public Health Laboratories, Makassar I ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Palembang ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Makassar II ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Batam ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Magelang ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Ambon ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Manado ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Donggala ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Medan ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Banjarnegara ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Banda Aceh ()
    • Indonesian Center for Public Health Laboratories, Papua ()
    • Indonesian Station for Public Health Laboratories, Pangandaran ()
    • Indonesian Station for Public Health Laboratories, Baturaja ()
    • Indonesian Station for Public Health Laboratories, Waikabubak ()
    • Indonesian Station for Public Health Laboratories, Tanah Bumbu ()
• Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control ()
  • Secretariat of Directorate General
  • Directorate of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control ()
  • Directorate of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control ()
  • Directorate of Immunization Management ()
  • Directorate of Health Surveillance and Quarantine ()
  • Directorate of Environmental Health ()
• Directorate General of Health Service ()
  • Secretariat of Directorate General
  • Directorate of Referral Health Care ()
  • Directorate of Primary Health Care ()
  • Directorate of Health Care Governance ()
  • Directorate of Health Care Facilities ()
  • Directorate of Health Care Quality ()
• Directorate General of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices ()
  • Secretariat of Directorate General
  • Directorate of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Resilience ()
  • Directorate of Pharmaceutical Production and Distribution ()
  • Directorate of Pharmaceutical Management and Service ()
  • Directorate of Medical Device Production and Distribution ()
  • Directorate of Medical Device Supervision ()
• Directorate General of Health Workers ()
  • Secretariat of Directorate General
  • Directorate of Health Worker Planning ()
  • Directorate of Health Worker Supply ()
  • Directorate of Health Worker Utilization ()
  • Directorate of Health Worker Quality Improvement ()
  • Directorate of Health Worker Supervision and Guidance ()
• Inspectorate General
• Agency for Health Policies Development ()
  • Secretariat
  • Center of Health Provision Policy ()
  • Center of Health System Resilience and Health Human Resource ()
  • Center of Health Financing and Decentralisation ()
  • Center of Global Health and Health Technology Policy ()
• Special Advisor on Health Economics ()
• Special Advisor on Health Technology ()
• Special Advisor on Health Law ()
• Special Advisor on Health Politics and Globalization ()
• Center of Data and Information Technology ()
• Center of Health System and Strategy ()
• Center of Health Crisis ()
• Center of Ministry Civil Service Competence Development ()

The ministry also coordinates two non-ministry government bodies, those are National Agency of Drug and Food Control and National Population and Family Planning Board.

Criticism

COVID-19

The minister of health, Terawan Agus Putranto, often published controversial statements about COVID-19. Terawan was also under fire for his "anti-science" and "arrogant" attitude in leading the COVID-19 crisis in Indonesia. Some epidemiologist conducted research to determine locations around the world that could have undetected cases of the virus imported from abroad. Terawan comments on the study, "In my opinion, the suspicion is too far-fetched. Let Harvard to come here. The door is open for them to see. There is nothing we keep secret." Terawan was criticized for stating that flu is more dangerous than COVID-19 because flu has a higher mortality rate. However, his initial response to the spread of COVID-19, such as the initial recommendation to not wear a mask, is quite aligned with other public health officials around the world including Anthony Fauci of the United States' NIH and general directions from the World Health Organization. In November 2023, the ministry announced the establishment of an academy in Bali aligned with GISAID, the initiative that led the global documentation of the COVID-19 virus sequences. The aim of GISAID Academy will be to focus on focus on bioinformatics education, advance pathogen genomic surveillance, and increased regional response capacity.

Literature

References

References

1. Yuniarto, Topan. (16 July 2020). "Kementerian Kesehatan".
2. "Sejarah Badan PPSDM Kesehatan".
3. (2023-06-26). "Historia 'Kementerian Kesehatan' Sejak 1945".
4. Suryani, Evi. (2021-09-24). "Transformasi Badan Litbangkes Menuju BKPK {{!}} Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan".
5. Dinamika, Yarmen. (2021-11-07). "Punya Peralatan Canggih, Aktivitas Balitbangkes Aceh Diakhiri Bulan Depan, Apa Fungsi Berikutnya?".
6. Hasyim. (2021-11-08). "Balitbangkes Aceh Segera Jadi Kenangan".
7. (2021). "Peraturan Presiden RI Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 tentang Kementerian Kesehatan".
8. (2022). "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 5 Tahun 2022 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Kesehatan".
9. "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2023 Tentang Organisasi Dan Tata Kerja Balai Besar Biomedis dan Genomika Kesehatan".
10. (2023). "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2023 Tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Bidang Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat".
11. (2023). "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 26 Tahun 2023 Tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Balai Besar Laboratorium Biologi Kesehatan".
12. (2023). "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2023 Tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Lingkungan".
13. Media, Kompas Cyber. (2020-09-29). "Pernyataan Kontroversial Menkes Terawan di Awal Pandemi Covid-19".
14. "Terawan must go, civil groups say, demanding crisis-sensitive health minister".
15. "'It's meant to help': Harvard professor responds after government dismisses study on undetected coronavirus cases".
16. (12 February 2020). "Menkes Terawan Tantang Harvard Cek Virus Corona di Indonesia".
17. Sihombing, Rolando Fransiscus. "Menkes: Kematian Gegara Flu Lebih Tinggi, Kenapa Heboh Corona Luar Biasa?".
18. (8 March 2020). "March 2020: Dr. Anthony Fauci talks with Dr Jon LaPook about COVID-19".
19. "Menkes Soal Virus Corona: Orang Sehat Tak Perlu Pakai Masker".
20. (November 29, 2023). "Ministry establishes GISAID Academy for improving bioinformatics".