Ministerial Conference

Ministerial conferences

First ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1996

The inaugural ministerial conference was held in Singapore in 1996. Its primary purpose was to initiate an international effort among global trading nations to overhaul the structure and mechanisms of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) while preserving the considerable progress and success achieved by that system since its inception in 1948.

Disagreements, largely between developed and developing economies, emerged over four issues initiated by this conference; afterward, these were collectively referred to as the "Singapore issues".

Second ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1998

Was held in Geneva in Switzerland.

Third ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999

The third conference in Seattle, United States ended in failure, with massive demonstrations and police and National Guard crowd control efforts drawing worldwide attention.

Fourth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2001

The fourth conference was held in Doha In Persian Gulf nation of Qatar. The Doha Development Round was launched at the conference. The conference also approved the joining of China, which became the 143rd member to join.

Fifth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2003

The ministerial conference was held in Cancún, Mexico, aiming at forging agreement on the Doha round. An alliance of 22 southern states, the G20 (led by India, China and Brazil), resisted demands from the North for agreements on the so-called "Singapore issues" and called for an end to agricultural subsidies within the EU and the US. The talks broke down without progress.

Sixth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005

The sixth WTO Conference Ministerial was held in Hong Kong from 13 December – 18 December 2005. It was considered vital if the four-year-old Doha Development Agenda negotiations were to move forward sufficiently to conclude the round in 2006. In this meeting, countries agreed to phase out all their agricultural export subsidies by the end of 2013, and terminate any cotton export subsidies by the end of 2006. Further concessions to developing countries included an agreement to introduce duty-free, tariff-free access for goods from the Least Developed Countries, following the Everything But Arms initiative of the European Union — but with up to 3% of tariff lines exempted. Other major issues were left for further negotiation to be completed by the end of 2006.

Seventh ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2009

Was held 30 November – 2 December 2009 in Geneva, Switzerland. The general theme for discussion was "The WTO, the Multilateral Trading System and the Current Global Economic Environment".

Eighth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2011

Was held 15–17 December 2011 in Geneva, Switzerland. Membership agreement were made for Russia, Samoa, and Montenegro.

Ninth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013

Was held 3–6 December 2013 in Bali, Indonesia. 159 members of World Trade Organization agreed to the Bali Package which eases barriers to international trade.

Tenth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2015

The WTO's 10th Ministerial Conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 15 to 19 December 2015. The completion of Afghanistan and Liberia's accession to the WTO was on the agenda. It culminated in the adoption of the "Nairobi Package", a series of six Ministerial Decisions on agriculture, cotton and issues related to least-developed countries (LDCs). The Conference was chaired by Kenya's Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Amina Mohamed.

Eleventh ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2017

The WTO's 11th Ministerial Conference was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 11 to 13 December 2017. It was chaired by Minister Susana Malcorra of Argentina. The Conference ended with a number of ministerial decisions, including on fisheries subsidies and e-commerce duties, and a commitment to continue negotiations in all areas.

Twelfth ministerial conference

Main article: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2022

The agreement to host the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan was signed on 30 October 2019. The Ministerial Conference was scheduled for 8–11 June 2020, but was postponed and took place in June 2022 in Geneva, Switzerland, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ran from 12 to 17 June 2022: although it was initially scheduled to end on 15 June, the meeting was extended by two days to allow more time for negotiations.

Thirteenth ministerial conference

Two proposals were received to host the thirteenth Ministerial Conference, from Cameroon and from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A concluding Ministerial Declaration was issued on the final day of the conference.

Fourteenth ministerial conference

MC14 is scheduled to take place during March 2026, with Cameroon provisionally () confirmed as the venue.

Doha Round

Main article: Doha Development Round

The WTO launched the current round of negotiations, the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) or Doha Round, at the Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001. The Doha round was to be an ambitious effort to make globalization more inclusive and help the world's poor, particularly by slashing barriers and subsidies in farming. The initial agenda comprised both further trade liberalization and new rule-making, underpinned by commitments to strengthen substantial assistance to developing countries.

The negotiations have been highly contentious and agreement has not been reached, despite the intense negotiations at several Ministerial Conferences and at other sessions. , disagreements still continued over several key areas including agriculture subsidies.{{Cite web |access-date = 2008-07-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725063111/http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RL32060.pdf |archive-date = 2008-07-25

References

References

1. "Ministerial Conferences".
2. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=916768 Five Years of China WTO Membership. EU and US Perspectives about China's Compliance with Transparency Commitments and the Transitional Review Mechanism]
3. (26 May 2009). "WTO to hold 7th Ministerial Conference on 30 November-2 December 2009".
4. (17 December 2011). "Day 3: Samoa and Montenegro join Russia with membership agreed, as ministers wrap up conference".
5. "Eleventh WTO Ministerial Conference".
6. (30 October 2019). "Kazakh Minister of Trade and Integration meets ambassadors of WTO member countries".
7. "Twelfth WTO Ministerial Conference".
8. It took place in [[Abu Dhabi]], United Arab Emirates, from 26 February to 2 March 2024, and was chaired by [[Thani bin Ahmed Al Zeyoudi]], the UAE's Minister of State for Foreign Trade.World Trade Organization, [https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc13_e/mc13_e.htm 13th WTO Ministerial Conference], accessed on 18 August 2025
9. World Trade Organization, [https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/MIN24/DEC.pdf&Open=True Abu Dhabi Ministerial Declaration], published on 2 March 2025, accessed on 18 August 2025
10. Third World Network Berhad, [https://www.twn.my/title2/wto.info/2024/ti241023.htm WTO: MC14 in March 2026, Brazil elevates IFDA as top priority at G20 meet], published in SUNS #10106 dated 29 October 2024, accessed on 18 August 2025
11. ''The Economist'', "In the twilight of Doha", 65
12. [http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/newround/doha_da/index_en.htm The Doha Development Agenda], European Commission