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Mid front unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨e̞⟩ or ⟨ɛ̝⟩ in IPA

Summary

Vowel sound represented by ⟨e̞⟩ or ⟨ɛ̝⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
above	Mid front unrounded vowel
ipa symbol	e̞
ipa symbol2	ɛ̝
ipa number	302 430
decimal1	101
decimal2	798
x-sampa	e_o
braille	e
braille2	6
braille3	gh

|x-sampa=e_o

The mid front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound that is used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid front unrounded vowel between close-mid and open-mid , but it is normally written . If precision is required, diacritics may be used, such as or (the former, indicating lowering, being more common). In Sinology and Koreanology, is sometimes used, for example in the Zhengzhang Shangfang reconstructions or in Chao Yuen Ren Grammar of Spoken Chinese.

For many of the languages that have only one phonemic front unrounded vowel in the mid-vowel area (neither close nor open), the vowel is pronounced as a true mid vowel and is phonetically distinct from either a close-mid or open-mid vowel. Examples are Basque, Spanish, Romanian, Japanese, Turkish, Finnish, Greek, Hejazi Arabic, Serbo-Croatian and Korean (Seoul dialect). A number of dialects of English also have such a mid front vowel. However, there is no general predisposition. Igbo and Egyptian Arabic, for example, have a close-mid , and Bulgarian has an open-mid , but none of these languages have another phonemic mid front vowel.

Kensiu, spoken in Malaysia and Thailand, is claimed to be unique in having true-mid vowels that are phonemically distinct from both close-mid and open-mid vowels, without differences in other parameters such as backness or roundedness.

Features

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Afrikaans	Standard	bed		'bed'
Arabic	Hejazi	بـيـت / bēt		'home'
Breton				Possible realization of unstressed ; can be open-mid or close-mid instead.
Chinese	Mandarin	也 / yě		'also'
Czech	Bohemian	led		'ice'
Dutch	Some speakers	zet		'shove' (n.)
English	Broad New Zealand	cat		'cat'
Cockney	bird		'bird'	Near-front; occasional realization of . It can be rounded or, more often, unrounded central instead. Typically transcribed in IPA with .
Cultivated New Zealand	let		'let'	Higher in other New Zealand varieties. See New Zealand English phonology
Received Pronunciation	Many speakers pronounce a more open vowel instead. See English phonology
Inland Northern American	bit		'bit'	Near-front, may be (also in Scotland) instead for other speakers. See Northern Cities vowel shift
Scottish
Yorkshire	''pl'''ay'''''		'play'
Estonian	sule		'feather' (gen. sg.)	Common word-final allophone of . See Estonian phonology
Finnish	menen		'I go'	See Finnish phonology
German	Standard	Bett		'bed'
Austrian and Swiss	danke		'thanks'	The most common realization of syllable-final .
Bernese dialect	rède		'to speak'	Typically transcribed in IPA with . See Bernese German phonology
Greek	Modern Standard	πες / pes		'say!'
Hebrew	כן/ken		'yes'	Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology
Hungarian	hét		'seven'	Also described as close-mid . See Hungarian phonology
Ibibio		'look'
Icelandic	kenna		'to teach'	Typically transcribed in IPA with . The long allophone is often diphthongized to . See Icelandic phonology
Italian	Standard	decidere		'to choose'
Northern accents	penso		'I think'	Common realization of . See Italian phonology
Japanese	笑み/emi		'smile'	See Japanese phonology
Jebero		'bat'	Near-front; possible realization of .
Korean	내가 / naega		'I'	Pronunciation of . See Korean phonology
Latvian	ēst		'to eat'	Typically transcribed in IPA with .
Limburgish	Maastrichtian	bèd		'bed'
Weert dialect	zègke		'to say'
Low Saxon	Gelders-Overijssels and Drents	èèt zie?		'do they eat?'
Macedonian	Standard	мед		'honey'
Malay	Standard	elok	[e̞ˈlo̞ʔ]	'good'
Norwegian	Urban East	nett		'net'
Romanian	fete		'girls'	See Romanian phonology
Russian	человек		'human'	Occurs only after soft consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian	тек / tek		'only'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak	Standard	behať		'to run'
Slovene	velikan		'giant'	/e/}} before when a vowel does not follow within the same word. See Slovene phonology
Spanish	bebé		'baby'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish	Central Standard	häll		'flat rock'
Tera	ze		'spoke'
Turkish	ev		'house'	See Turkish phonology
Upper Sorbian	njebjo		'sky'	Allophone of between soft consonants and after a soft consonant, excluding in both cases.
Yoruba				Typically transcribed in IPA with . It is nasalized, and may be open-mid instead.

Notes

References

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References

Bishop, N. (1996). [http://www.sealang.net/archives/mks/pdf/25:227-253.pdf A preliminary description of Kensiw (Maniq) phonology]. ''[[Mon-Khmer Studies]]'' 25.
(15 July 1997). "A National Map of the Regional Dialects of American English". Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania.
Reeks Nederlandse Dialectatlassen Zuid-Drente en Noord-Overijssel 1982. H. Entjes.
Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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