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Mid back rounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩ in IPA
Vowel sound represented by ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩ in IPA
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| above | Mid back rounded vowel |
| ipa symbol | o̞ |
| ipa symbol2 | ɔ̝ |
| ipa number | 307 430 |
| decimal1 | 111 |
| decimal2 | 798 |
| braille | o |
| braille2 | 6 |
| braille3 | gh |
The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close-mid and open-mid , it is normally written . If precision is desired, diacritics may be used, such as or , the former being more common.
Multiple para-IPA alternative symbols also exist for this vowel. The Swedish Dialect Alphabet uses the symbol (an o with low ring), while Sinological notation uses the symbol (an o with cedilla). The symbol (a small capital omega) was proposed for Americanist notation, but was never implemented.
Just because a language has only one non-close non-open back vowel, it still may not be a true-mid vowel. Tukang Besi is a language in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a close-mid . Taba, another language in Indonesia, in the Maluku Islands, has an open-mid . In both languages, there is no contrast with another mid (true-mid or close-mid) vowel.
Kensiu, in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without any difference in other parameters, such as backness or roundedness.
Features
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Standard | bok | 'goat' | |
| Arabic | Hejazi | لـون | 'color' | |
| Bengali | তোমার | ˈyour' | May be closer to close-mid . See Bengali phonology | |
| Breton | Possible realization of unstressed ; can be open-mid or close-mid instead. | |||
| Chinese | Mandarin | 我 / wǒ | 'I' | |
| Shanghainese | 高/kò | 'tall' | Near-back. Realization of in open syllables and in closed syllables. | |
| Czech | oko | 'eye' | In Bohemian Czech, the backness varies between back and near-back, whereas the height varies between mid and close-mid . See Czech phonology | |
| Danish | Standard | måle | 'measure' | |
| Dutch | Amsterdam | och | 'alas' | |
| Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect | mot | 'well' | Typically transcribed in IPA with . | |
| English | Cultivated South African | *thought* | 'thought' | |
| Maori | Near-close in General New Zealand English. | |||
| Scouse | Typically transcribed in IPA with . | |||
| Some Cardiff speakers | Other speakers use a more open, advanced and unrounded vowel . | |||
| General American | *Cambodia* | 'Cambodia' | Near-back; often diphthongal: . Some regional North American varieties use a vowel that is closer to cardinal . See English phonology | |
| Yorkshire | Corresponds to in other British dialects. See English phonology | |||
| Faroese | toldi | 'endured' | Typically transcribed in IPA with . See Faroese phonology | |
| Finnish | kello | 'clock' | See Finnish phonology | |
| French | Parisian | pont | 'bridge' | |
| German | Southern accents | voll | 'full' | |
| Western Swiss accents | hoch | 'high' | Close-mid in other accents. See Standard German phonology | |
| Greek | Modern Standard | πως / *pos* | 'how' | |
| Hebrew | שלום/shalom/šɔlom | 'peace' | Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script. See Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Ibibio | do | 'there' | ||
| Icelandic | loft | 'air' | Typically transcribed in IPA with . The long allophone is often diphthongized to . See Icelandic phonology | |
| Inuit | West Greenlandic | Maniitsoq | 'Maniitsoq' | |
| Italian | Standard | forense | 'forensic' | |
| Northern accents | ''bosc'''o''''' | 'forest' | Local realization of . See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese | 子/ko | 'child' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Korean | 보리 / bori | 'barley' | See Korean phonology | |
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect | mok | 'mug' | |
| Malay | Standard | ڤوكوق */ pokok* | 'tree' | |
| Johor-Riau | ||||
| Norwegian | Urban East | lov | 'law' | |
| Romanian | acolo | 'there' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian | сухой/sukhoy/sukhoj | 'dry' | Some speakers realize it as open-mid . See Russian phonology | |
| Scottish Gaelic | Lewis | ruadh | 'red' | |
| Serbo-Croatian | ко̑д / kȏd/kõd | 'code' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Shipibo | *koni* | 'eel' | Near-back. | |
| Slovene | oglas | 'advertisement' | /o/}} before when a vowel does not follow within the same word. See Slovene phonology | |
| Spanish | todo | 'all' | See Spanish phonology | |
| Tera | zo | 'rope' | ||
| Thai | โต | 'big' | See Thai phonology | |
| Turkish | kol | 'arm' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan | ''d'''o''''' | 'corn tassel' |
Notes
References
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- {{citation |editor-last=Schneider |editor-first=Edgar W. |editor2-last=Burridge |editor2-first=Kate |editor3-last=Kortmann |editor3-first=Bernd |editor4-last=Mesthrie |editor4-first=Rajend |editor5-last=Upton |editor5-first=Clive
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- {{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415194042/http://www.taalportaal.org/taalportaal/topic/pid/topic-14610909940908011 |archive-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2017
- {{citation |chapter-url=http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf |access-date=2015-04-12 |archive-date=2018-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111322/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf |url-status=dead
References
- {{Harvcoltxt. Abdoh. 2010
- {{Harvcoltxt. Peterson. 2000, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Árnason. 2011
- Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene".
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