Microsoft FreeCell

Development

Paul Alfille implemented Freecell in 1978 for the PLATO computer system at CERL; by the early 1980s Control Data Corporation had published it for all PLATO systems. Jim Horne, who enjoyed playing Freecell on the PLATO system at the University of Alberta, published a shareware $10 MS-DOS version with color graphics in 1988. That year Horne joined Microsoft, and later ported the game to Windows.

The Windows version was first included in Microsoft Entertainment Pack Volume 2 and later the Best Of Microsoft Entertainment Pack. It was subsequently included with Win32s as an application that enabled the testing of the 32-bit thunking layer to ensure that it was installed properly. However, FreeCell remained relatively obscure until it was released as part of Windows 95. In Windows XP, FreeCell was extended to support a total of 1 million card deals.

Releases

Today, there are FreeCell implementations for nearly every modern operating system as it is one of the few games pre-installed with every copy of Windows. Prior to Windows Vista, the versions for Windows were limited in their player assistance features, such as retraction of moves. The Windows Vista FreeCell implementation contains basic hints and unlimited move retraction (via the Undo menu choice or command), and the option to restart the game. Some features have been removed, such as the flashing screen to warn the player of one move remaining. FreeCell is not included in the Windows 8 operating system, but is available in the Windows Store as the free Microsoft Solitaire Collection, which is also bundled with Windows 10.

Legacy

Microsoft created the Entertainment Packs to encourage non-business use of Windows. According to company telemetry FreeCell was the seventh most-used Windows program, ahead of Word and Microsoft Excel.

The original Microsoft FreeCell package supports 32,000 numbered deals, generated by a 15-bit, pseudorandom-number seed. These deals are known as the "Microsoft 32,000", and all but one of them have been completed. Later versions of FreeCell include more than one million deals. When Microsoft FreeCell became very popular during the 1990s, the Internet FreeCell Project attempted to solve all the deals by crowdsourcing consecutive games to specific people. The project ran from August 1994 to April 1995, and only #11982 proved unwinnable. Out of the current Microsoft Windows games, eight are unsolvable. Speedrun.com records the fastest time to solve a game is 7 seconds.

The significance of the "Microsoft 32,000" to many FreeCell players is such that other computer implementations of FreeCell will often go out of their way to guarantee compatibility with these deals, rather than simply using the most readily available random number generator for their target platforms.

As an easter egg, Microsoft intentionally includes a few impossible games, with negative numbers. Playing these games do not count towards the statistics recorded by the computer.

References

References

1. (January 23, 2007). "FreeCell Stops Responding When You Click Undo". [[Microsoft]].
2. Rubenking, Neil J.. (March 4, 1997). "User-to-User". [[PC Magazine]].
3. Dear, Brian. (2017). "The Friendly Orange Glow". Pantheon Books.
4. Glenn, Jim and Denton, Carey. ''The Treasury of Family Games'' (page 105). Reader's Digest, 2003 ({{ISBN. 9780762104314)
5. (May 21, 1998). "How to Troubleshoot Win32s Installation Problems". [[Microsoft]].
6. Keller, Michael. (2005). "FreeCell - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". Solitaire Laboratory.
7. Rubenking, Neil J.. (January 2008). "Ask Neil". [[PC Magazine]].
8. Kaye, Ellen. (October 17, 2002). "One Down, 31,999 to Go: Surrendering to a Solitary Obsession". New York Times.
9. Leonhard, Woody. (September 15, 2009). "Windows 7 All-In-One for Dummies". John Wiley & Sons.
10. (March 13, 2010). "FreeCell lists of difficult (and extra easy) deals".
11. "Freecell Records".
12. "PySol - Rules for Freecell".