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Mesylate

Salt or ester of methanesulfonic acid (CH3–SO2–OH)

Mesylate
Summary

Salt or ester of methanesulfonic acid (CH3–SO2–OH)

Mesylate [[anion]] ([[structural formula]])
Mesylate anion ([[ball-and-stick model]])

In organosulfur chemistry, a mesylate is any salt or ester of methanesulfonic acid (). In salts, the mesylate is present as the anion. When modifying the international nonproprietary name of a pharmaceutical substance containing the group or anion, the spelling used is sometimes mesilate (as in imatinib mesilate, the mesylate salt of imatinib).

Mesylate esters are a group of organic compounds that share a common functional group with the general structure , abbreviated , where R is an organic substituent. Mesylate is considered a leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Preparation

Mesylate esters are generally prepared by treating an alcohol and methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine.

Mesyl

Related to mesylate is the mesyl (Ms) or methanesulfonyl () functional group. The shortened term itself was coined by Helferich et al. in 1938 similarly to tosyl adopted earlier. Methanesulfonyl chloride is often referred to as mesyl chloride.

Whereas mesylates are often hydrolytically labile, mesyl groups, when attached to nitrogen, are resistant to hydrolysis. This functional group appears in a variety of medications, particularly cardiac (antiarrhythmic) drugs, as a sulfonamide moiety. Examples include sotalol, ibutilide, sematilide, dronedarone, dofetilide, E-4031, and bitopertin.

Pharmaceutical preparations

Mesylate salts are often used in preparing the dosage forms of basic drugs. Mesylate salts often yield a higher solubility, and may also excel in other pharmaceutically-relevant factors such as hygroscopicity, clean polymorphic profile, particle size, and flow properties.

Natural occurrence

Ice core samples from a single spot in Antarctica were found to have tiny inclusions of magnesium methanesulfonate dodecahydrate. This natural phase is recognized as the mineral ernstburkeite. It is extremely rare.

References

References

  1. (February 2006). "International Nonproprietary Names Modified". [[World Health Organization]].
  2. (2007). "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry". John Wiley & Sons.
  3. (1966). "A General Method for the Synthesis of Allenylsilanes: 1-Methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)allene".
  4. (1938-04-06). "Ester der Methansulfonsäure in der Zuckergruppe". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series).
  5. (2007-09-17). "Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis". John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  6. (July 2018). "Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Considerations". Molecules.
  7. (July 2010). "The utility of sulfonate salts in drug development". J Pharm Sci.
  8. (2013). "Ernstburkeite, Mg(CH3SO3)2·12H2O, a new mineral from Antarctica". European Journal of Mineralogy.
  9. "Ernstburkeite".
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leaving-groups sulfonates mesyl-compounds
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