Melghat

Geography

The Melghat area was declared a tiger reserve in 1974. Meghat Tiger Reserve is administratively divided into Sipna, Gugamal and Akot Wildlife Division. The total area of the reserve is around 2768 km2.

At the northern extreme of the Amravati district of Maharashtra, on the border of Madhya Pradesh, lies the Melghat in the South-western Satpura mountain ranges. Melghat means 'meeting of the ghats', which describes the area as a large tract of unending hills and ravines scarred by jagged cliffs and steep climbs. The Tapti River flows through the northern part of Melghat Tiger Reserve and forms the boundary of the reserve together with the Gawilghur ridge of the Satpura Range. The forest is tropical dry deciduous in nature, dominated by teak (Tectona grandis). The reserve is a catchment area for five major rivers: the Khandu, Khapra, Sipna, Gadga and Dolar. These all rivers are tributaries of the river Tapti.

Fauna

The fauna in Melghat includes several large animal species, such as Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, dhole, striped hyena, indian wolf, Indian jackal, sambar, gaur, barking deer, nilgai, chital, chausingha, honey badger, flying squirrel, wild boar, langur, rhesus monkey, indian porcupine, indian pangolin, mouse deer, python, smooth-coated otter and black-naped hare.

Population

There are 61 villages in the reserve, all outside the core area. 22 are in the buffer zone and 39 in the Multiple Use Area (MUA). Human population in the buffer zone and MUA is 11024 and 15642, respectively, as per 1994 census.

The inhabitants are mainly tribal, largely of the Korku tribe (80 per cent) and others like Gond, Nihal, Balai, Gaolan, Gawali, Halbi, Wanjari, and Maratha. All inhabitants depend on the forest for bona fide domestic needs of firewood, timber, fodder, and non-timber forest products like fruit, flowers, gum and medicinal plants. Their main source of income is from labor and rainy season agriculture. They augment their income by collecting non-timber forest products like mr, flowers, seeds, charoli, gumcula, mr, tendu-leaves, and mr (a medicinal plant).

References

References

1. (15 June 2018). "Melghat To Be 4th Largest Tiger Reserve In Country". [[Times of India]].
2. (22 May 2022). "Grass Brings Back Tigers In Melghat". Times of India.
3. (3 March 2019). "Into the wild, in Melghat". [[Live Mint]].
4. (2020). "Maharashtra govt says no to railway gauge conversion in Melghat tiger habitat". Deccan Herald.
5. (9 May 2020). "35 tigers in Melghat Reserve as per 'waterhole-machaan' census". Deccan Herald.
6. (2 April 2023). "Maharashtra's Melghat Tiger Reserve gets CATS global rating". ETV Bharat.
7. (21 May 2014). "Wildlife protection stepped up at Melghat Tiger Reserve". Traffic.org.