Melanocortin 5 receptor

Physiology

MC5R is necessary for normal sebum production. Stimulation of MC5R promotes fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in adipocytes. MC5R is essential for erythrocyte differentiation. MC5R is involved in inflammation. MC5R helps maintain thermal homeostasis. Stimulation of the MC5R in skeletal muscle causes glucose uptake. In vitro, MC5R agonism is cardioprotective and kidney protective.

MC5R is expressed in the brain at different levels depending on physical activity.

Pheromones

MC5R is heavily expressed in the preputial gland in mice (a modified sebaceous gland involved in pheromone production). MC5R deficiency in male mice decreases aggressive behavior, promotes defensive behavior and encourages other male mice to attack MC5R-deficient males through pheromonal signals.

MRAP

Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) traps MC5R protein inside cells.

Evolution

[[Sequence homology|Paralogues]]

Source:

• MC4R
• MC3R
• MC1R
• MC2R
• S1PR1
• LPAR1
• S1PR3
• GPR12
• LPAR2
• GPR3
• S1PR2
• GPR6
• GPR119
• LPAR3
• CNR1
• S1PR5
• S1PR4
• CNR2

References

References

1. (September 1993). "Molecular cloning of a novel human melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
2. "Entrez Gene: MC5R melanocortin 5 receptor".
3. (October 2000). "The melanocortin 5 receptor is expressed in human sebaceous glands and rat preputial cells". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology.
4. (December 1997). "Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides". Cell.
5. (June 2011). "Melanocortin-5 receptor and sebogenesis.". European Journal of Pharmacology.
6. (February 2007). "Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
7. (July 2011). "Characterization of murine melanocortin receptors mediating adipocyte lipolysis and examination of signalling pathways involved.". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.
8. (April 2015). "Melanocortins contribute to sequential differentiation and enucleation of human erythroblasts via melanocortin receptors 1, 2 and 5.". PLOS ONE.
9. (October 2013). "Both MC5r and A2Ar are required for protective regulatory immunity in the spleen of post-experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice.". Journal of Immunology.
10. (April 2010). "Melanocortins induce interleukin 6 gene expression and secretion through melanocortin receptors 2 and 5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology.
11. (August 2014). "Biphasic effect of melanocortin agonists on metabolic rate and body temperature.". Cell Metabolism.
12. (October 2016). "α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone promotes muscle glucose uptake via melanocortin 5 receptors". Molecular Metabolism.
13. (2018-10-26). "The Melanocortin MC5R as a New Target for Treatment of High Glucose-Induced Hypertrophy of the Cardiac H9c2 Cells". Frontiers in Physiology.
14. (2024-03-07). "α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alleviates pathological cardiac remodeling via melanocortin 5 receptor". EMBO Reports.
15. (2022-06-01). "Pharmacological Melanocortin 5 Receptor Activation Attenuates Glomerular Injury and Proteinuria in Rats With Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis". Frontiers in Physiology.
16. (May 2025). "Melanocortin 5 receptor signaling protects against podocyte injury in proteinuric glomerulopathies". Kidney International.
17. (July 2012). "Region-specific differences in brain melanocortin receptors in rats of the lean phenotype.". NeuroReport.
18. (January 2004). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency promotes defensive behavior in male mice.". Hormones and Behavior.
19. (February 2004). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency reduces a pheromonal signal for aggression in male mice.". Chemical Senses.
20. (January 2006). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency in mice blocks a novel pathway influencing pheromone-induced aggression.". Behavior Genetics.
21. (August 2009). "Opposite effects of the melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptor accessory protein MRAP on MC2 and MC5 receptor dimerization and trafficking.". Journal of Biological Chemistry.
22. "GeneCards®: The Human Gene Database".