McLennan County, Texas

History

McLennan County was created by the Texas Legislature in 1850 out of Milam County. The county seat, Waco, had been founded as an outpost of the Texas Rangers. It was laid out by George B. Erath, and was known by 1850 as Waco Village.

In the 1880s, pharmacist Charles Alderton developed the carbonated beverage that became known as Dr Pepper. The Dr Pepper business was headquartered in Waco, until it moved to Dallas, Texas. Waco is also home to the Dr Pepper Museum, housed in the 1906 building that was the first stand-alone facility used to bottle Dr Pepper.

According to local lore, the first sustained flight did not occur in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, but just outside Tokio (a small community in McLennan County) by a man flying a gyrocopter. During World War I, McLennan County was home to at least one military airfield, Rich Field. In the aftermath of World War I, when social tensions were high as veterans returned, white racial violence broke out against blacks. The county had 15 lynchings, the second-highest number of any county in the state.

McLennan County's contributions to World War II include the reopening of Rich Field for use by the Air Force, and the opening of James Connally Air Force Base. The latter is now used as the TSTC Waco Airport and Texas State Technical College. County resident Doris Miller was awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism at Pearl Harbor; he was the first African American to earn such distinction. Local man James Connally became known as a World War II fighter pilot.

County Courthouse

The current County Courthouse, the fourth to be built, is located in Waco. Completed in 1902 in the Beaux-Arts style, it is the next-to-last example of architect James Riely Gordon's Texas courthouses. Of the eighteen he designed, thirteen remain standing. The first county courthouse was completed in 1851 for $500, and was a two-story log cabin that was 30' x 30'. McLennan's second courthouse was a two-story brick building completed in 1857 for $11,000. The third courthouse was styled after Second Empire by architect W.C. Dodson, and completed in 1877 at a cost of $24,894.50.

Institutions of higher education

In 1886, Baylor University relocated from Independence, Texas, to Waco and absorbed Waco University. During the early 20th century, McLennan County was home to as many as five colleges. In addition to Baylor, the other colleges included the predecessor to what is now known as Texas Christian University (now in Fort Worth), Paul Quinn College (relocated since to Dallas), and two other short-lived colleges.

In the 1960s, the Texas Legislature authorized McLennan Community College, the first community college to use those words in the name. Around the same time, what is now the flagship institution of Texas State Technical College was founded as James Connally Technical Institute, as a member of the Texas A&M University System. Today, Baylor, McLennan Community College, and Texas State Technical College continue to operate in McLennan County. They educate a large portion of the college-bound high-school graduates from the county and the surrounding areas. McLennan Community College has also partnered with Tarleton State University, Texas Tech University, University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, and Midwestern State University to offer more than 50 bachelor's or master's degrees.

1896 Crash at Crush

Crush, Texas, was a temporary "city" in McLennan County, about 15 mi north of Waco. It was established to stage a publicity stunt concocted by William George Crush and the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad. The stunt involved the collision of two 35-ton steam locomotives in front of spectators, whom the railway transported to the event for $2 each. After strong promotion, on September 15, 1896, the event was delayed by an hour as the police maneuvered the crowd of more than 40,000 back to what was thought to be a safe distance.

The crews of the two engines tied the throttles open and jumped off. The two engines, pulling wagons filled with railroad ties, traveled a 4 mi track and thunderously crashed into each other at a combined speed up to 120 mph. The boilers exploded and sent steam and flying debris into the crowd. Three people were killed and about six were injured, including event photographer Jarvis "Joe" Deane, who lost an eye because of a flying bolt.

Ragtime composer Scott Joplin commemorated the event with "The Great Crush Collision March"; Joplin dedicated the composition to the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway. Texas composer and singer Brian Burns wrote and recorded a song about the collision, "The Crash at Crush" (2001).

West fertilizer plant explosion

Main article: West Fertilizer Company explosion

Waco siege

Main article: Waco siege

Twin Peaks biker shootout

Main article: 2015 Waco shootout

On May 17, 2015, motorcycle clubs gathered at the Twin Peaks Restaurant in Waco for a Confederation of Clubs meeting. Upon arrival of a large contingent of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club, mass violence erupted in the parking lot of Twin Peaks between members of the Bandidos and members of the Cossasks Motorcycle Club. This resulted in nine dead and 18 wounded in the melee between the rival outlaw motorcycle gangs. In 2019, all remaining charges were dropped by the new District Attorney, Barry Johnson.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1060 sqmi, of which 1037 sqmi are land and 23 sqmi (2.2%) are covered by water.

Major highways

• [[Image:I-35 (TX).svg|20px]] Interstate 35
• [[Image:US 77.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 77
• [[Image:US 84.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 84
• [[Image:Texas 6.svg|20px]] State Highway 6
• [[Image:Texas 31.svg|20px]] State Highway 31
• [[Image:Texas 164.svg|20px]] State Highway 164
• [[Image:Texas 317.svg|20px]] State Highway 317

Adjacent counties

• Hill County (north)
• Limestone County (east)
• Falls County (southeast)
• Bell County (south)
• Coryell County (southwest)
• Bosque County (northwest)

Demographics

| align-fn = center 1850–2010 2020

Racial and ethnic composition

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 260,579 and a median age of 34.8 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 15.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 94.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 91.0 males age 18 and over.

The Census Bureau's QuickFacts reports the population density was 205 per square mile, the median household income was $53,723, the per capita income was $28,421, about 14.7% of residents lived below the poverty line, and the most common ancestries were German (12.8%), American (11.0%), English (8.0%), and Irish (6.9%).

As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup of the county was 60.0% White, 14.4% Black or African American, 1.0% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.9% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 10.8% from some other race, and 11.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 26.3% of the population.

As of the 2020 census, 76.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 24.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 96,527 households in the county, of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 45.0% were married-couple households, 18.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 30.1% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 105,817 housing units, of which 8.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 58.5% were owner-occupied and 41.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.9%.

The 2020 census heat map showed that an estimated 1.3% of partnered households in the county were in same-sex relationships, though the figure may be undercounted.

Communities

Cities (multiple counties)

• Bruceville-Eddy (small part in Falls County)
• Golinda (mostly in Falls County)
• Mart (small part in Limestone County)
• McGregor (small part in Coryell County)
• Valley Mills (mostly in Bosque County)

Cities

• Bellmead
• Beverly Hills
• Crawford
• Gholson
• Hallsburg
• Hewitt
• Lacy Lakeview
• Leroy
• Lorena
• Moody
• Riesel
• Robinson
• Ross
• Waco (county seat)
• West
• Woodway

Census-designated place

• China Spring
• Willow Grove

Unincorporated communities

• Axtell
• Elm Mott
• Ocee
• Speegleville

Economy

According to the Greater Waco Chamber of Commerce, the top employers in McLennan County are:

Elected leadership

Politics

Similar to other counties in the Texas Triangle with mid-sized cities, the county has been reliably Republican for the last half-century, having last voted for a Democratic presidential candidate in 1976 when it was won by Jimmy Carter.

Several governors of Texas hailed from McLennan County: Ann Richards (1991–1995), the state's second female governor; Pat Morris Neff (1921–1925), who also served as president of Baylor University; Lawrence Sullivan Ross (1887–1891), whose family helped found Waco and who also served as the fourth president of Texas A&M University; and Richard Coke (1874–1876).

Education

Colleges

• Baylor University
• McLennan Community College
• Texas State Technical College

Public school districts

• Axtell Independent School District
• Bosqueville Independent School District
• Bruceville-Eddy Independent School District
• China Spring Independent School District
• Connally Independent School District
• Crawford Independent School District
• Gholson Independent School District
• Hallsburg Independent School District
• La Vega Independent School District
• Lorena Independent School District
• Mart Independent School District
• McGregor Independent School District
• Midway Independent School District
• Moody Independent School District
• Oglesby Independent School District
• Riesel Independent School District
• Robinson Independent School District
• Valley Mills Independent School District
• Waco Independent School District
• West Independent School District

References

• McLennan County in Handbook of Texas Online at the University of Texas
• Read Neil McLennan's entry in the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas hosted by the Portal to Texas History.

References

1. "McLennan County, Texas".
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
3. Gannett, Henry. (1905). "The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States". U.S. Government Printing Office.
4. "McLennan County Courthouse".
5. "The Crash at the Crush". Texas Historical Commission.
6. Scott Joplin, "The Great Crush Collision" sheet music (Temple, TX: John R. Fuller, 1896). See Bill Edwards, [http://www.perfessorbill.com/pbmidi15.shtml Rags and Pieces by Scott Joplin.] {{webarchive. link. (June 6, 2009)
7. (August 22, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
8. "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau.
9. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". [[US Census Bureau]].
10. "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010". Texas Almanac.
11. "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – McLennan County, Texas". [[United States Census Bureau]].
12. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – McLennan County, Texas".
13. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – McLennan County, Texas".
14. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
15. "QuickFacts: McLennan County, Texas".
16. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
17. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
18. "U.S. census and other surveys likely undercount the number of LGBTQ+ people living in Texas".
19. "Customized Report".
20. (January 7, 2022). "Top 2023 Waco Employers".
21. (September 30, 2012). "Felton Appointed McLennan County Judge".
22. (November 3, 2020). "2020 Election Results".
23. (November 4, 2014). "McLennan County 2014 Election Results".
24. (September 18, 2012). "Commissioners name new county judge, treasurer".
25. "TJB | 10th COA | About the Court | Justices | Justice Matt Johnson".
26. "TJB {{!}} 10th COA {{!}} About the Court {{!}} Justices {{!}} Justice Steven Lee Smith".
27. "Governor Abbott Appoints Bennett To 474th District Court".
28. (June 21, 2010). "Cates Elected Judge".
29. (June 29, 2021). "Luna appointed judge of new McLennan County court-at-law".
30. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
31. (November 5, 2024). "2024 Senate Election (Official Returns)".
32. "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2023". United States Census Bureau.