Mayor of Boston

History

Prior to 1822, there was no mayor of Boston, because Boston was incorporated as a town. In Massachusetts, a town is typically governed by a town meeting, with a board of selectmen handling regular business. Boston was the first community in Massachusetts to receive a city charter, which was granted in 1822. Under the terms of the new charter, the mayor was elected annually. In June 1895, the charter was amended, and the mayor's term was increased to two years.

In 1909, the Republican-controlled state legislature enacted strong-mayor charter changes it hoped would dampen the rising power of Democratic Irish Americans. Adopted by public vote in the November 1909 general election, changes included extending the mayoral term to four years, and making the post formally non-partisan. The reforms did not have the intended effect; the first mayor elected under the new charter was Democrat John F. Fitzgerald ("Honey Fitz"), and every mayor since Republican Malcolm Nichols (1926–1930) has been known to be a Democrat.

In a bid to temper the rising power of James Michael Curley, the state legislature in 1918 passed legislation barring the mayor of Boston from serving consecutive terms in office; Curley was prevented from running for re-election twice by this law (November 1925 and November 1933). The law was repealed in 1939, after Curley's political career appeared to be in decline.

Another charter change was enacted in 1949, partly in response to Curley's fourth term (1946–1950), during which he served prison time for crimes committed in an earlier term. Changes included adding a preliminary election to narrow the field to two mayoral candidates in advance of the general election, changing the Boston City Council from having 22 members (one from each city ward) to having nine members (elected at-large), and giving the council ability to override some mayoral vetoes. These changes went into effect in 1951, resulting in the first term of John B. Hynes being shortened to two years.

From 1951 through 1991, Boston mayoral elections were held the year before presidential elections (e.g. mayoral election in 1951, presidential election in 1952). Starting in 1993, due to the election held following Raymond Flynn's appointment as United States Ambassador to the Holy See, Boston mayoral elections are held the year following presidential elections (e.g. presidential election in 1992, mayoral election in 1993).

Salary

In June 2018, the council voted to increase the salary of the mayor to $207,000, effective after the mayoral election of November 2021 (term starting in January 2022); this increased the salary of councillors to $103,500, effective after the council elections of November 2019 (terms starting in January 2020). In October 2022, the council voted to increase the salary of the mayor to $250,000.

Numbering

There is no official count of Boston's mayors. The City of Boston does not number its mayors and numbering has been inconsistent over time. For example, Thomas Menino was referred to as the 47th mayor at the time he was sworn in, yet his successor, Marty Walsh, was identified as the 54th. The Walsh administration cited Wikipedia for its use of 54.

{{visible anchor|List}} of mayors

died in office

acting mayor only

Native American Party and American Party were formal names of the "Know Nothing" movement.

Mayors serving non-consecutive terms

Acting mayors

Boston's city charter stipulates that the City Council president serves as acting mayor whenever the mayor is absent from the city, unable to serve, or the office is vacant. An acting mayor cannot make permanent appointments, and can only perform urgent tasks "not admitting of delay" (which is somewhat open to interpretation).

The following individuals served as acting mayor during a vacancy in the office.

Notes

Sources

References

References

1. (March 22, 1822). "(untitled)". [[The Register-Herald.
2. (June 2, 1895). "Charter Amended". [[The Boston Globe]].
3. O'Neill, pp. 39–42
4. (November 3, 1909). "New Boston Charter is the Worst Defeat Ever Given Boss Rule". The Marion Daily Mirror.
5. (February 26, 1918). "Report Bill to Stop Consecutive Terms". [[The Boston Globe]].
6. (November 8, 1939). "Elections". [[The Boston Globe]].
7. Allison and Bulger, pp. 86–87
8. (November 9, 1949). "Plan A Wins; Boston to Get New Charter". [[The Boston Globe]].
9. (June 29, 2018). "Editorial: Elected leaders profit as we pay". [[Boston Herald]].
10. Valencia, Milton J.. (June 13, 2018). "Mayor, councilors could get 4% raises". [[The Boston Globe]].
11. (July 8, 2016). "Past Mayors of Boston".
12. Flint, Anthony. (January 1, 1998). "New council support seen for Roache as president". [[The Boston Globe]].
13. Ryan, Andrew. (January 6, 2014). "Is Walsh mayor 54? Or 48? Or 58?".
14. Cotter, Sean Philip. (March 27, 2021). "Analysis: What number mayor is Kim Janey, actually?".
15. DeCosta-Klipa, Nik. (January 22, 2021). "What's actually the difference between being mayor and acting mayor?".
16. (November 25, 1873). "Resignation of the Mayor of Boston". [[Brooklyn Eagle.
17. "Boston Mayor Race – Dec 09, 1873".
18. (September 15, 1905). "Whelton is Acting Mayor". [[The Boston Globe]].
19. "Boston Mayor Race – Dec 12, 1905".
20. Doherty, Joseph. (January 26, 1945). "Kerrigan First World War II Vet to Head City Government". [[The Boston Globe]].
21. "Boston Mayor Race – Nov 06, 1945".
22. "Boston Mayor Race – Nov 08, 1949".
23. McGrory, Brian. (July 13, 1993). "Menino, 'a neighborhood guy,' now at center stage". [[The Boston Globe]].
24. "Boston Mayor Race – Nov 02, 1993".
25. Gavin, Christopher. (March 22, 2021). "Kim Janey becomes Boston's acting mayor, makes history as first Black person, woman to hold the office".
26. (October 3, 2016). "Unofficial Election Results".