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Maximus III of Constantinople

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1476 to 1482

Field	Value
honorific_prefix	Saint
name	Maximus III of Constantinople
church	Church of Constantinople
archbishop_of	Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
appointed	1476 – 3 April 1482
predecessor	Raphael I of Constantinople
successor	Symeon I of Constantinople
birth_name	Manuel Christonymos
death_date	3 April 1482
feast_day	17 November
venerated	Eastern Orthodox Church

Maximus III of Constantinople (), born Manuel Christonymos ({{lang|grc|Μανουὴλ Χριστώνυμος}}; died 3 April 1482), was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1476 to his death in 1482, and a scholar. He is honoured as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and his feast day is 17 November.

Life

Manuel Christonymos was probably a native of the Peloponnese in Greece. He became Grand Ecclesiarch (i.e. Head Sacristan) of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. This ministry soon after the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire (1453) took the functions also of the skeuophylax, taking care of the holy treasures and relics of the Patriarchate, and in this position Manuel clashed with Patriarch Gennadius II of Constantinople on economical issues. Under the patronage of the secretary of the Ottoman Sultan, Demetrios Kyritzes, Manuel, together with the Great Chartophylax George Galesiotes, influenced the life of the Church of Constantinople for more than twenty years.

In 1463 he sided with Joasaph I of Constantinople against the request of the politician George Amiroutzes, a Greek nobleman from the former Empire of Trebizond, to marry a second wife because it was a case of bigamy under Christian canon law. As punishment for his support of Joasaph I, Manuel had his nose cut by order of Sultan Mehmed II.

In autumn 1465 (or early 1466) Manuel sponsored the election to the Patriarchate of Mark II of Constantinople, and later he opposed the patriarchs supported by other factions, such as Symeon I of Constantinople and Dionysius I of Constantinople, who on 15 January 1467 stripped him and George Galesiotes of their posts in the administration of the church.

However they soon regained their influence. Manuel was successful in recovering the esteem of sultan Mehmed II, and in 1476 he himself was elected as Patriarch of Constantinople. He was still a lay person, so he first became a monk taking the religious name of Maximus, and the next day he received consecration as a bishop and he was enthroned as Patriarch by the Metropolitan bishop of Heraclea. His reign ended a period of troubles for the Church in the region and was marked by peace and consensus.

Maximus III died on 3 April 1482.

His main literary work is the "Monody on the Capture of Constantinople".

References

Kiminas, Demetrius. (2009). "The Ecumenical Patriarchate". [[Wildside Press]].
"Maximos III". Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Vitalien, Laurent. (1968). "Les premiers patriarches de Constantinople sous la domination turque (1454–1476)". [[Revue des études byzantines]].
Runciman, Steven. (1985). "The Great Church in captivity". [[Cambridge University Press]].
Touloumakos Pantelis. "Amiroutzis, Georgios". Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor.
Petit, L.. (1903). "Déposition du Patriarche Mark Xylocarvi". Revue de l'Orient Chrétien.
(1849). "Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae, Volume 49".

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