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Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode

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Blackboard at the Laurent Schwartz Center for Mathematics, [[École Polytechnique

The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks. Some of these blocks are dedicated to, or primarily contain, mathematical characters while others are a mix of mathematical and non-mathematical characters. This article covers all Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math".{{cite web | title = Unicode Character Database: Derived Core Properties | publisher = The Unicode Consortium | date = 19 February 2014 | url = https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt | access-date = 14 August 2014

Dedicated blocks

Mathematical Operators block

Main article: Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)

The Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

Supplemental Mathematical Operators block

Main article: Supplemental Mathematical Operators

The Supplemental Mathematical Operators block (U+2A00–U+2AFF) contains various mathematical symbols, including N-ary operators, summations and integrals, intersections and unions, logical and relational operators, and subset/superset relations.

Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block

Main article: Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols

The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block. In order, these are: ℎ / ℬ ℰ ℱ ℋ ℐ ℒ ℳ ℛ / ℯ ℊ ℴ / ℭ ℌ ℑ ℜ ℨ / ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ ℤ.

Letterlike Symbols block

Main article: Letterlike Symbols

The Letterlike Symbols block (U+2100–U+214F) includes variables. Most alphabetic math symbols are in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block shown above.

The math subset of this block is U+2102, U+2107, U+210A–U+2113, U+2115, U+2118–U+211D, U+2124, U+2128–U+2129, U+212C–U+212D, U+212F–U+2131, U+2133–U+2138, U+213C–U+2149, and U+214B.

Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block

Main article: Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A

The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block (U+27C0–U+27EF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and database notation.

Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block

Main article: Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B

The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block (U+2980–U+29FF) contains miscellaneous mathematical symbols, including brackets, angles, and circle symbols.

Miscellaneous Technical block

Main article: Miscellaneous Technical

The Miscellaneous Technical block (U+2300–U+23FF) includes braces and operators.

The math subset of this block is U+2308–U+230B, U+2320–U+2321, U+237C, U+239B–U+23B5, 23B7, U+23D0, and U+23DC–U+23E2.

Geometric Shapes block

Main article: Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)

The Geometric Shapes block (U+25A0–U+25FF) contains geometric shape symbols.

The math subset of this block is U+25A0–25A1, U+25AE–25B7, U+25BC–25C1, U+25C6–25C7, U+25CA–25CB, U+25CF–25D3, U+25E2, U+25E4, U+25E7–25EC, and U+25F8–25FF.

Arrows block

Main article: Arrows (Unicode block)

The Arrows block (U+2190–U+21FF) contains line, curve, and semicircle arrows and arrow-like operators.

The math subset of this block is U+2190–U+21A7, U+21A9–U+21AE, U+21B0–U+21B1, U+21B6–U+21B7, U+21BC–U+21DB, U+21DD, U+21E4–U+21E5, U+21F4–U+21FF.

Supplemental Arrows-A block

Main article: Supplemental Arrows-A

The Supplemental Arrows-A block (U+27F0–U+27FF) contains arrows and arrow-like operators.

Supplemental Arrows-B block

Main article: Supplemental Arrows-B

The Supplemental Arrows-B block (U+2900–U+297F) contains arrows and arrow-like operators (arrow tails, crossing arrows, curved arrows, and harpoons).

Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block

Main article: Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows

The Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block (U+2B00–U+2BFF Arrows) contains arrows and geometric shapes with various fills.

The math subset of this block is U+2B30–U+2B44, U+2B47–U+2B4C.

Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block

Main article: Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols

The Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block contains arrows, dots, enclosures, and overlays for modifying symbol characters.

The math subset of this block is U+20D0–U+20DC, U+20E1, U+20E5–U+20E6, and U+20EB–U+20EF.

Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block

Main article: Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols

The Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block (U+1EE00–U+1EEFF) contains characters used in Arabic mathematical expressions.

Characters in other blocks

Mathematical characters also appear in other blocks. Below is a list of these characters as of Unicode version :

U+007E		TILDE

Latin-1 Supplement block

U+00F7		DIVISION SIGN

Greek and Coptic block

U+03F6		GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL

Arabic block

U+0608		ARABIC RAY

General Punctuation block

U+2064	note	INVISIBLE PLUS

Note: non-marking character

Superscripts and Subscripts block

U+208E		SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS

Miscellaneous Symbols block

U+266F		MUSIC SHARP SIGN

Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement block

U+1CEF0		MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR

Supplemental Arrows-C block

U+1F8D8		LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DEPENDENT LOBE

Alphabetic Presentation Forms block

U+FB29		HEBREW LETTER ALTERNATIVE PLUS SIGN

Small Form Variants block

U+FE68		SMALL REVERSE SOLIDUS

Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block

U+FFEC		HALFWIDTH DOWNWARDS ARROW

Garay block

U+10D8F		GARAY MINUS SIGN

References

(2 April 2012). "Unicode Technical Report #25: Unicode Support for Mathematics". The Unicode Consortium.
(25 September 2013). "Unicode Technical Annex #44: Unicode Character Database". The Unicode Consortium.
See https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt
More symbols are supported by TeX math packages, see e.g. [https://tug.ctan.org/fonts/xcharter-math/unimath-xcharter.pdf#page=47 Will Robertson, Symbols defined by unicode-math].
The quadruple arrows U+2B45 and U+2B46 are supported by TeX math packages, per [https://tug.ctan.org/fonts/xcharter-math/unimath-xcharter.pdf#page=75 Will Robertson, Symbols defined by unicode-math].
As per [https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt Unicode 17.0.0], the ASCII hyphen-minus is not a mathematical symbol. To express the minus sign in math, {{unichar. 2212. minus sign is used instead.
As per [https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt Unicode 17.0.0], the degree sign is not a mathematical symbol, since it is a measurement unit symbol rather than a math symbol. Consistently, TeX packages support many non-math symbols. But this article is designed to cover only Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math".

Info: Wikipedia Source

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