Mataram (city)

History

There was a small city called Selaparang in East Lombok, which was a centre of Sasak power in Lombok from the 16th to the 17th century AD. West Lombok was under the control of Balinese rajas, based on their states of Mataram and Cakranegara, until the island was invaded and occupied by the Dutch in 1894.

Geography

The modern city is an urban sprawl in the middle of West Lombok, composed of three contiguous towns which were formerly separate but now share a single administration. The old port town of Ampenan in the west merges into the administrative centre of Mataram and this in turn merges into the commercial town of Cakranegara. Further east still lies the district of Sweta, the location of Lombok's biggest market as well as Lombok's bus terminal. The towns are linked by a wide, 8km-long one-way street which begins as Jalan Langko in Apenan, becomes Jalan Pejanggik in Mataram and finishes as Jalan Selaparang in Cakranegara; it then continues east as the principal cross-island highway to Labuhan Lombok and then Kayangan, site of the Lombok-Sumbawa ferry.

Governance

Administrative division

The city consists of six districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan, also called "kampungs") in each district, and its postal codes.

Notes: (a) Except the kampungs of Ampenan Tengah (postcode 83112), Pejeruk (postcode 83113), Ampenan Selatan (postcode 83114) and Ampenan Utara (postcode 83511). (b) Except the kampung of Pagutan (postcode 83117).

Demographics

Ethnicity

The Sasak people are the indigenous people of Lombok and form the majority of Mataram's residents. Mataram is also home to people of Balinese, Javanese, Buginese, Bimanese, Tionghoa-Peranakan people of mixed Indonesian and Chinese descent and a small number of Arab Indonesian people, mainly of Yemeni descent who arrived when the town was known as "Ampenan". Despite being urban dwellers, the Sasak people of Mataram still identify strongly with their origins and the Sasak culture.

There is also an ethnic Malay settlement in the Ampenan district, known as Kampung Melayu, where the residents are ethnic Malays (Ampenan Malays) and speak Malay language (Ampenan Malay). The people of Mataram had known the Malay language since the mid-19th century, or also before that. As mentioned by Wallace in his book The Malay Archipelago (1869), the people of Lombok dialogued with Fernandes about divinity. Also by Charles Kordhoff, a US sailor, who mentioned the use of Malay in Lombok.

Language

Mataram society normally speaks the Sasak language, which is the native language of the indigenous people of Lombok. Indonesian is the language most widely used in formal business, education and government contexts. When at home or a place of recreation, Mataram residents tend to use the Mataram Sasak dialect. There is also a large community of Balinese speakers in the city, as in the past Mataram was a colony and center of government for the Karangasem kingdom of Bali. In addition, Ampenan Malay is also used in the old town of Ampenan as an regional language and the main spoken language there.

Sister City

• People's Republic of China Pengzhou, China

Climate

Mataram has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) with heavy rainfall from October to March and moderate to little rainfall from April to September.

References

References

1. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Mataram Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5271)
3. "Metode Baru Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2021-2022".
4. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
5. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
6. "PU-net".
7. "PU-net".
8. Muhlis, Buyung S.. (26 February 2025). "Di Ampenan, Burung Saja Berbahasa Melayu". Mataram Radio.
9. Negeri, Satukan. "Pemkot Mataram Siap Lanjutkan Kerja Sama 'Sister City' dengan Pengzhou".
10. "Mataram climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Mataram water temperature - Climate-Data.org".