Marzabotto

Etruscan city

In and below the grounds of the Villa Aria, close to the city, are the remains of an Etruscan town of the 5th century BC, Kainua, protected on the west by the mountains, on the south-east by the river, which by a change of course has destroyed about half of it. The acropolis was just below the villa: here remains of temples were found.

The town lay below the modern high-road and was laid out on a rectangular plan divided by main streets into eight quarters, and these in turn into blocks or insulae. Necropoleis were found on the east and north of the site. The place was partially inhabited later by the Gauls, but was not occupied by the Romans. |Marzabotto3.JPG|Map of the Etruscan site |Marzabotto2.JPG|Remains of Etruscan temples at Marzabotto |Marzabotto - Etruscan necropolis.jpg|Remains of Etruscan necropolis at Marzabotto

World War II massacre

Main article: Marzabotto massacre

On September 29, 1944, during the World War II German occupation of Italy, the town was the site of the worst massacre of civilians committed by the Waffen SS in Italy. In reprisal of the local support given to the partisans and the resistance movement, soldiers of the SS-Panzer-Aufklärungsabteilung 16, killed systematically hundreds of civilians in Marzabotto, and in the adjacent Grizzana Morandi and Monzuno. The town was awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour for this episode. Sculptor Nicola Zamboni created a large monument in the city in 1975 in front of the town hall.

References

References

1. There are several saints called [[Saint Charles (disambiguation). Charles]] (Italian: ''San Carlo''). None of their [[feast day]]s is on March 19, so this may be a local saint. Alternatively, the local church may contain relics of one of the known Saint Charles.
2. Pearce, M., R. Peretto, P. Tozzi, DARMC, R. Talbert, S. Gillies, T. Elliott, J. Becker. "Places: 393448 (Marzabotto)". Pleiades.
3. Sybille Haynes. (1 September 2005). "Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History". Getty Publications.
4. Luisa Banti. (1973). "Etruscan Cities and Their Culture". University of California Press.
5. (2004). "The Etruscans Outside Etruria". Getty Publications.
6. The Etruscan town of Marzabotto Archaeological site and National Etruscan Museum "Pompeo Aria" http://www.archeobologna.beniculturali.it/marzabotto/note_en.htm
7. Alexander Mikaberidze. (25 June 2013). "Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]: An Encyclopedia". ABC-CLIO.
8. Nigel Cawthorne. (24 July 2012). "The Story of the SS". Arcturus Publishing.
9. Luciano Galmozzi. (1986). "Monumenti alla libertà: antifascismo, resistenza e pace nei monumenti italiani dal 1945 al 1985". La Pietra.