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Marshal of the Soviet Union

Highest Soviet military rank

Marshal of the Soviet Union
Summary

Highest Soviet military rank

FieldValue
nameMarshal of the Soviet Union
native_name
imageLarge Marshal's Star.svg
image_size100px
captionMarshal's star – big
image2Rank insignia of маршал Советского Союза.svg
image_size290px
caption2Uniform shoulder strap (1955–1991)
countryUSSR
service branchRed Army (1922–1946)
Soviet Army (1946–1991)
rankGeneral officer
formation
abolished
higher rankGeneralissimo
lower rankArmy General
Marshal of the branch
equivalentsAdmiral of the Fleet
Chief marshal of the branch

Soviet Army (1946–1991) | Non-NATO rank = Marshal of the branch Chief marshal of the branch 1935–1940 1940–1943 1940–1943 1943–1955 1945–1991

Marshal of the Soviet Union (, ) was the second-highest military rank of the Soviet Union. It was de facto the highest rank because its superior rank, Generalissimo, was only applied to Joseph Stalin, who preferred to wear the uniform and insignia of a Marshal after World War II.

The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved. Forty-one people held this rank. The equivalent naval rank was until 1955 admiral of the fleet and from 1955 Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

History of the rank

Alexander Yegorov]]. Only Budyonny and Voroshilov survived the [[Great Purge]].

The military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established by a decree of the Soviet Cabinet, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), on 22 September 1935. On 20 November, the rank was conferred on five people: People's Commissar of Defence and veteran Bolshevik Kliment Voroshilov, chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Yegorov, and three senior commanders, Vasily Blyukher, Semyon Budyonny, and Mikhail Tukhachevsky.

Of these, Blyukher, Tukhachevsky, and Yegorov were executed during Stalin's Great Purge of 1937–38. On 7 May 1940, three new marshals were appointed: the new People's Commissar of Defence, Semyon Timoshenko, Boris Shaposhnikov, and Grigory Kulik.

During World War II, Kulik was demoted for incompetence, and the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was given to a number of military commanders who earned it on merit. These included Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Konev and Konstantin Rokossovsky to name a few. In 1943, Stalin himself was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union, and in 1945, he was joined by his intelligence and police chief Lavrentiy Beria. These non-military marshals were joined in 1947 by politician Nikolai Bulganin.

Two Marshals were executed in postwar purges: Kulik in 1950 and Beria in 1953, following Stalin's death. Thereafter the rank was awarded only to professional soldiers, with the exception of Leonid Brezhnev, who made himself a marshal in 1976, and Dmitry Ustinov, who was prominent in the arms industry and was appointed Minister of Defence in July 1976. The last Marshal of the Soviet Union was Dmitry Yazov, appointed in 1990, who was imprisoned after the failed coup against Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991. Marshal Sergei Akhromeyev committed suicide in 1991 during the fall of the Soviet Union.

The Marshals fell into three generational groups.

  • Those who had gained their reputations during the Russian Civil War. These included both those who were purged in 1937–38 (Blyukher, Tukhachevsky, and Yegorov), and those who held high commands in the early years of World War II (Budyonny, Kulik, Shaposhnikov, Timoshenko and Voroshilov). All of the latter except Shaposhnikov and Timoshenko proved out-of-step with modern warfare and were removed from commanding positions.
  • Those who built their reputations during World War II and assumed high commands in the latter part of the war. These included Zhukov, Vasilevsky, Konev, Rokossovsky, Malinovsky, Tolbukhin, Govorov, and Meretskov.
  • Those who assumed high command during the Cold War era. All were officers in World War II, but their higher commands were held in the Warsaw Pact or as Soviet defence ministers. These included Sokolovsky, Grechko, Yakubovsky, Kulikov, Ogarkov, Akhromeyev, and Yazov.

All marshals in the third category had been officers in World War II, except Ustinov, who had been People's Commissar for Armaments. Even Yazov, who was 20 when the war ended, had been a platoon commander. Brezhnev was not a professional soldier, but was still commissioned as a political commissar in the war.

Of the 35 Marshals who were career soldiers, the majority were of Russian origin. Timoshenko (Tymoshenko), Kulik (Kulyk), Grechko (Hrechko), Yeremenko (Yeryomenko), Moskalenko, Batitsky (Batytsʹkyy) and Koshevoy (Koshovyy) were of Ukrainian origin, while Sokolovsky (Sakaloŭski) and Yakubovsky (Jakuboŭski) had Belarusian origins. Rokossovsky (Rokossowski) was born in Congress Poland to a Polish family, while Malinovsky (Malinowsky) was born in Odessa (now in Ukraine) to a Polish father. Tukhachevsky also had Polish ancestry. Bagramyan (Baghramyan) was the sole marshal of Armenian origin.

The rank was abolished with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. It was succeeded in modern Russia by the rank of Marshal of the Russian Federation, which has been held by only one person, Igor Sergeyev, who was Russia's defence minister from 1997 to 2001. There have been no living marshals since Yazov's death in February 2020.

List of marshals

No.NamePhotoDate of rankPositions heldCentral
Committee
memberSecretariat
memberPolitburo
memberYrs{{efnname=yearsYears spent in active service as a marshal. Soviet marshals, with a few exceptions, typically held prominent positions—including full or candidate membership of the CPSU's Central Committee and Politburo/Presidium—without explicitly retiring. Interregna between the holding of such positions are not counted. Retirement or termination as a marshal for the purpose of counting years on this list are:Notes1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041
Kliment Voroshilov[[File:Kliment Voroshilov.jpg75px]]20 Nov 1935(10th–20th, 23rd)}}(14th–20th)}}25(1881–1969) Resigned as head of state, 1960. Mayor of Luhansk, 1917; People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, 1925–1934. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1956 and 1968; Hero of Socialist Labour, 1960.
Semyon Budyonny[[File:Маршал Советского Союза Семён Михайлович Будённый.jpg75px]](Candidate: 17th, 19th–24th; Full: 18th)}}17(1883–1973) Retired, 1954. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1958, 1963 and 1968.
Mikhail Tukhachevsky[[File:Tukhachevsky.png75px]]Candidate}}
(17th)2(1893–1937) Stripped of rank, 1937. Posthumously rehabilitated.
Alexander Yegorov[[File:Александр Егоров.jpg75px]]Candidate}}
(17th)3(1883–1939) Stripped of rank, 1938. Posthumously rehabilitated.
Vasily Blyukher[[File:Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukher.jpg75px]](17th)}}3(1889–1938) Retroactively stripped of rank, 1939. Posthumously rehabilitated.
Semyon Timoshenko[[File:Маршал Советского Союза Герой Советского Союза Семён Константинович Тимошенко.jpg75px]]7 May 1940(Full: 18th; Candidate: 19th–23rd)}}20(1895–1970) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1960. Chairman, State Committee for War Veterans, 1961–1970. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940 and 1965; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
Boris Shaposhnikov[[File:Boris Shaposhnikov 02.jpg75px]]7 May 1940Candidate}}
(18th)5(1882–1945) Died in office.
Grigory Kulik[[File:Grigory Kulik.jpg75px]]7 May 1940(18th)}}2(1890–1950) Stripped of rank, 1942. Posthumously rehabilitated. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940 (rescinded 1942).
Georgy Zhukov[[File:Zhukov LIFE.jpg75px]]18 Jan 1943(Candidate: 18th; Full: 19th–20th)}}(20th)}}14(1896–1974) Dismissed as minister of defence, 1957. Chief, General Staff of the Red Army, 1941. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940, 1944, 1945 and 1956; awarded Order of Victory, 1944 and 1945.
Aleksandr Vasilevsky[[File:Aleksandr Vasilevsky 4.jpg75px]]16 Feb 1943(19th–20th)}}14(1895–1977) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1959. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1944 and 1945.
Joseph Stalin[[File:StalinCropped1943(b).jpg75px]]6 Mar 1943(6th Conf.–19th)}}(11th–19th)}}(6th Comp.–19th)}}2(1878–1953) Died in office. Promoted to Generalissimo, 27 Jun 1945. Made Hero of Socialist Labour, 1939; Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1944.
Ivan Konev[[File:Ivan Stepanovich Konev.jpg75px]]20 Feb 1944(Candidate: 18th; Full: 19th–24th)}}17(1897–1973) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1960; reappointed, 1962. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
Leonid Govorov[[File:Leonid Govorov 1.jpg75px]]18 Jun 1944Candidate}}
(19th)11(1897–1955) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
Konstantin Rokossovsky[[File:Маршал Советского Союза дважды Герой Советского Союза Константин Константинович Рокоссовский.jpg75px]]29 Jun 1944Candidate}}
(22nd–23rd)18(1896–1968) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1962. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1945. Made Marshal of Poland, 1949.
Rodion Malinovsky[[File:Rodion Malinovsky 1.jpg75px]]10 Sep 1944(Candidate: 19th; Full: 20th–23rd)}}23(1898–1967) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945 and 1958; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
Fyodor Tolbukhin[[File:Маршал Советского Союза Ф.И. Толбухин.jpg75px]]12 Sep 19445(1894–1949) Died in office. Posthumously made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1965; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
Kirill Meretskov[[File:Кирилл Афанасьевич Мерецков с сыном Владимиром (cropped).jpg75px]]26 Oct 1944Candidate}}
(18th–19th)20(1897–1968) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1964. Chief, General Staff of the Red Army, 1940–1941. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
Lavrentiy Beria[[File:Lavrentiy Beria portrait 2.jpg75px]]9 Jul 1945(17th–19th)}}(18th–19th)}}8(1899–1953) Stripped of rank, 1953. First Secretary, Communist Party of Georgia, 1931–1932, 1934–1938; First Secretary, Communist Party, Transcaucasian SFSR, 1932–1938. Made Hero of Socialist Labour, 1943.
Vasily Sokolovsky[[File:Vasily Sokolovsky.jpg75px]]3 Jul 1946(Full: 19th–20th; Candidate: 22nd–23rd)}}14(1897–1968) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1960. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945.
Nikolai Bulganin[[File:Nikolai Bulganin.jpg75px]](17th–20th)}}(18th–20th)}}11(1895–1975) Stripped of rank, 1958. Chairman, Council of People's Commissars, Russian SFSR, 1937–1938; Deputy Chairman, Council of People's Commissars, 1938–1944; Chairman, State Bank of the Soviet Union, 1938–1940, 1940–1945. Made Hero of Socialist Labour, 1955.
Andrei Grechko[[File:Andrei Grechko 3.jpg75px]]11 Mar 1955(Candidate: 19th–20th; Full: 22nd–25th)}}(24th–25th)}}21(1903–1976) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1958 and 1973.
Ivan Bagramyan[[File:Баграмян Иван Христофорович.jpg75px]]11 Mar 1955(Candidate: 19th–20th; Full: 22nd–26th)}}13(1897–1982) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1968. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1977.
Sergey Biryuzov[[File:Sergey Biryuzov.jpg75px]]11 Mar 1955(Candidate: 20th; Full: 22nd)}}9(1904–1964) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1958.
Kirill Moskalenko[[File:Kirill Moskalenko 01.jpg75px]]11 Mar 1955(20th–26th)}}28(1902–1985) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1983. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1943 and 1978.
Vasily Chuikov[[File:Маршал Советского Союза дважды Герой Советского Союза Василий Иванович Чуйков.jpg75px]]11 Mar 1955(Candidate: 20th; Full: 22nd–26th)}}17(1900–1982) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1972. Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 1949–1953. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945.
Andrey Yeryomenko[[File:Маршал Советского Союза Герой Советского Союза Андрей Иванович Ерёменко (cropped).jpg75px]]11 Mar 1955(Candidate: 20th, 23rd; Full: 22nd)}}3(1892–1970) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1958. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944.
Matvei Zakharov[[File:Matvei Zakharov 1.jpg75px]]8 May 1959(22nd–24th)}}12(1898–1972) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1971. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945 and 1971. Director, Main Intelligence Directorate, 1949–1952.
Filipp Golikov[[File:Маршал Советского Союза Филипп Иванович Голиков.jpg75px]]6 May 1961(22nd)}}1(1900–1980) Relieved and appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1962. Director, Main Intelligence Directorate, 1940–1941.
Nikolay Krylov[[File:Nikolay Ivanovich Krylov 1.jpg75px]]28 Apr 1962(22nd–24th)}}10(1903–1972) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, twice in 1945.
Ivan Yakubovsky[[File:Генерал-майор И.И. Якубовский на улице Москвы.jpeg75px]]12 Apr 1967(22nd–25th)}}9(1912–1976) Died in office. Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 1960–1961; 1962–1965. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, twice in 1944.
Pavel Batitsky[[File:Batitskiy.jpg75px]]15 Apr 1968(Candidate: 22nd; Full: 23rd–26th)}}10(1910–1984) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1978. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1965.
Pyotr Koshevoy[[File:Blank.svg75px]]15 Apr 1968Candidate}}
(22nd–23rd)1(1904–1976) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1969. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945.
Leonid Brezhnev[[File:Leonid Brezjnev, leider van de Sovjet-Unie, Bestanddeelnr 925-6564.jpg75px]](19th–26th)}}(19th–26th)}}(Candidate: 19th; Full: 20th–26th)}}6(1906–1982) Died in office. First Secretary, Communist Party of Moldavia, 1950–1952; First Secretary, Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 1955–1956; Chairman, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, 1960–1964; Second Secretary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1963–1964. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1966, 1976, 1978 and 1981; Hero of Socialist Labour, 1961; awarded Order of Victory, 1978 (rescinded 1989).
Dmitry Ustinov[[File:Dmitry Ustinov (colorized, full).jpg75px]]30 Jul 1976(19th–26th)}}(22nd–25th)}}(Candidate: 22nd–24th; Full: 25th–26th)}}8(1908–1984) Died in office. Minister of the Defence Industry, 1941–1957; Deputy Chairman, Council of Ministers, 1957–1963; First Deputy Chairman, Council of Ministers, 1963–1965; CPSU Central Committee Secretary for Administrative Organs, 1963–1976; for the Defence Industry, 1965–1976. Made Hero of Socialist Labour, 1942 and 1961; Hero of the Soviet Union, 1978.
Viktor Kulikov[[File:Куликов Виктор Георгиевич.jpg75px]]14 Jan 1977(24th–27th)}}12(1921–2013) Relieved, 1989. Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 1969–1971; Chief, General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces, 1971–1977; Member of the State Duma, 2000–2003. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1981.
Nikolai Ogarkov[[File:Nikolai Ogarkov 1 (enlarged).jpg75px]]14 Jan 1977(Candidate: 23rd; Full: 24th–28th)}}11(1917–1994) Relieved as chief of the general staff, 1984; appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1988. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1977.
Sergei Sokolov[[File:Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov.jpg75px]]17 Feb 1978(23rd–27th)}}Candidate}}
(26th–27th)9(1911–2012) Dismissed as minister of defence, 1987. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1980.
Sergey Akhromeyev[[File:Sergey Akhromeyev (cropped).jpg75px]]25 Mar 1983(26th–27th)}}5(1923–1991) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1988. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1982.
Semyon Kurkotkin[[File:Semyon Kurkotkin 2.jpg75px]]25 Mar 1983(Candidate: 24th; Full: 25th–27th)}}5(1917–1990) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1988. Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 1971–1972. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1981.
Vasily Petrov[[File:Marshal Vasily Ivanovich Petrov.jpg75px]]25 Mar 1983(25th–27th)}}3(1917–2014) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1986. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1982.
Dmitry Yazov[[File:Marshal Dmitry Yazov.jpg75px]]28 Apr 1990(Candidate: 26th; Full: 27th–28th)}}Candidate}}
(27th)1(1924–2020) Dismissed as minister of defence, 1991.

Timeline

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bar:period_0 from:1939.75 till:1945.75 color:period text:"World War II" bar:period_1 from:1947.25 till:1991.98 color:period text:"Cold War" bar:period_2 from:1932.25 till:1939.75 color:period text:"Soviet–Japan border conflict" bar:period_2 from:1956.83 till:1956.92 color:period text:"Hungarian Revolution" bar:period_2 from:1968.67 till:1968.67 color:period text:"Czech. Invasion" bar:period_2 from:1979.98 till:1989.17 color:period text:"Soviet–Afghan War"

bar:start_marshals from:1930 till:1999 color:category bar:leader_stalin from:1988.10 till:1988.10 color:none text:"Stalin era (1927–1953)"

bar:voroshilov from:1935.92 till:1940.42 color:defence bar:voroshilov from:1940.42 till:1960.42 color:political text:"Kliment Voroshilov"

bar:budyonny from:1935.92 till:1937.50 color:other bar:budyonny from:1937.50 till:1940.67 color:theatre bar:budyonny from:1940.67 till:1945.17 color:other bar:budyonny from:1947 till:1954.75 color:political text:"Semyon Budyonny"

bar:tukhachevsky from:1935.92 till:1937.42 color:other text:"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"

bar:yegorov from:1935.92 till:1937.42 color:genlstaff bar:yegorov from:1937.42 till:1938.17 color:other bar:yegorov from:1938.17 till:1938.25 color:theatre text:"Alexander Yegorov"

bar:blyukher from:1935.92 till:1938.83 color:theatre text:"Vasily Blyukher"

bar:timoshenko from:1940.42 till:1941.58 color:defence bar:timoshenko from:1941.58 till:1943.42 color:theatre bar:timoshenko from:1943.42 till:1945 color:other bar:timoshenko from:1945 till:1960.33 color:theatre text:"Semyon Timoshenko"

bar:shaposhnikov from:1940.42 till:1940.67 color:genlstaff bar:shaposhnikov from:1940.67 till:1941.58 color:other bar:shaposhnikov from:1941.58 till:1942.42 color:genlstaff bar:shaposhnikov from:1942.42 till:1945.25 color:other text:"Boris Shaposhnikov"

bar:kulik from:1940.42 till:1942.17 color:other text:"Grigory Kulik"

bar:zhukov from:1943.08 till:1944.25 color:other bar:zhukov from:1944.25 till:1945.50 color:theatre bar:zhukov from:1945.50 till:1946.25 color:warsawgermany bar:zhukov from:1946.25 till:1946.50 color:service bar:zhukov from:1946.50 till:1953.25 color:theatre bar:zhukov from:1953.25 till:1955.17 color:other bar:zhukov from:1955.17 till:1957.83 color:defence text:"Georgy Zhukov"

bar:vasilevsky from:1943.17 till:1945.17 color:genlstaff bar:vasilevsky from:1945.17 till:1946.25 color:theatre bar:vasilevsky from:1946.25 till:1948.92 color:genlstaff bar:vasilevsky from:1948.92 till:1949.25 color:other bar:vasilevsky from:1949.25 till:1953.25 color:defence bar:vasilevsky from:1953.25 till:1957.92 color:other text:"Aleksandr Vasilevsky"

bar:stalin from:1943.25 till:1945.50 color:gensec text:"Joseph Stalin"

bar:konev from:1944.17 till:1946.33 color:theatre bar:konev from:1946.33 till:1946.50 color:political bar:konev from:1946.50 till:1950.25 color:service bar:konev from:1950.25 till:1951.92 color:other bar:konev from:1951.92 till:1955.25 color:theatre bar:konev from:1955.25 till:1956 color:service bar:konev from:1956 till:1960.33 color:warsawgermany bar:konev from:1961.67 till:1962.33 color:warsawgermany text:"Ivan Konev"

bar:govorov from:1944.50 till:1946.33 color:theatre bar:govorov from:1946.33 till:1954.42 color:other bar:govorov from:1954.42 till:1955.25 color:service text:"Leonid Govorov"

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bar:malinovsky from:1944.75 till:1956.25 color:theatre bar:malinovsky from:1956.25 till:1957.83 color:service bar:malinovsky from:1957.83 till:1967.25 color:defence text:"Rodion Malinovsky"

bar:tolbukhin from:1944.75 till:1949.83 color:theatre text:"Fyodor Tolbukhin"

bar:meretskov from:1944.83 till:1954.42 color:theatre bar:meretskov from:1954.42 till:1964.33 color:other text:"Kirill Meretskov"

bar:beria from:1945.58 till:1946.08 color:nkvd bar:beria from:1946.08 till:1953.25 color:political bar:beria from:1953.25 till:1953.50 color:nkvd text:"Lavrentiy Beria"

bar:sokolovsky from:1946.58 till:1949.25 color:warsawgermany bar:sokolovsky from:1949.25 till:1952.50 color:other bar:sokolovsky from:1952.50 till:1960.33 color:genlstaff text:"Vasily Sokolovsky"

bar:bulganin from:1947.92 till:1949.25 color:defence bar:bulganin from:1949.25 till:1953.25 color:political bar:bulganin from:1953.25 till:1955.17 color:defence bar:bulganin from:1955.17 till:1958.92 color:political text:"Nikolai Bulganin"

bar:spacer_khrushchev from:1930 till:1999 color:category bar:leader_khrushchev from:1980.17 till:1980.17 color:none text:"Malenkov–Khrushchev era (1953–1964)"

bar:grechko from:1955.25 till:1957.92 color:warsawgermany bar:grechko from:1957.92 till:1960.33 color:service bar:grechko from:1960.33 till:1967.33 color:warsawgermany bar:grechko from:1967.33 till:1976.33 color:defence text:"Andrei Grechko"

bar:bagramyan from:1955.25 till:1968.33 color:other text:"Ivan Bagramyan"

bar:biryuzov from:1955.25 till:1963.25 color:service bar:biryuzov from:1963.25 till:1964.83 color:genlstaff text:"Sergey Biryuzov"

bar:moskalenko from:1955.25 till:1960.83 color:theatre bar:moskalenko from:1960.83 till:1962.33 color:service bar:moskalenko from:1962.33 till:1983.98 color:other text:"Kirill Moskalenko"

bar:chuikov from:1955.25 till:1960.33 color:theatre bar:chuikov from:1960.33 till:1964.25 color:service bar:chuikov from:1964.25 till:1972.58 color:other text:"Vasily Chuikov"

bar:yeryomenko from:1955.25 till:1958.33 color:theatre text:"Andrey Yeryomenko"

bar:zakharov from:1959.42 till:1960.33 color:warsawgermany bar:zakharov from:1960.33 till:1963.25 color:genlstaff bar:zakharov from:1963.25 till:1964.92 color:other bar:zakharov from:1964.92 till:1971.75 color:genlstaff text:"Matvei Zakharov"

bar:golikov from:1961.42 till:1962.33 color:other text:"Filipp Golikov"

bar:krylov from:1962.33 till:1963.25 color:theatre bar:krylov from:1963.25 till:1972.17 color:service text:"Nikolay Krylov"

bar:spacer_brezhnev from:1930 till:1999 color:category bar:leader_brezhnev from:1986.45 till:1986.45 color:none text:"Brezhnev era (1964–1982)"

bar:yakubovsky from:1967.33 till:1976.92 color:warsawgermany text:"Ivan Yakubovsky"

bar:batitsky from:1968.33 till:1978.58 color:service text:"Pavel Batitsky"

bar:koshevoy from:1968.33 till:1969.75 color:warsawgermany text:"Pyotr Koshevoy"

bar:brezhnev from:1976.42 till:1982.92 color:gensec text:"Leonid Brezhnev"

bar:ustinov from:1976.58 till:1984.98 color:defence text:"Dmitry Ustinov"

bar:kulikov from:1977.08 till:1989.17 color:warsawgermany text:"Viktor Kulikov"

bar:ogarkov from:1977.08 till:1984.75 color:genlstaff bar:ogarkov from:1984.75 till:1988.67 color:theatre text:"Nikolai Ogarkov"

bar:sokolov from:1978.17 till:1984.98 color:other bar:sokolov from:1984.98 till:1987.42 color:defence text:"Sergei Sokolov"

bar:spacer_andropovchernenko from:1930 till:1999 color:category bar:leader_andropovchernenko from:1980.60 till:1980.60 color:none text:"Andropov–Chernenko era (1982–1985)"

bar:akhromeyev from:1983.25 till:1988.92 color:genlstaff text:"Sergey Akhromeyev"

bar:kurkotkin from:1983.25 till:1988.42 color:other text:"Semyon Kurkotkin"

bar:petrov from:1983.25 till:1985.08 color:service bar:petrov from:1985.08 till:1986 color:other text:"Vasily Petrov"

bar:spacer_gorbachev from:1930 till:1999 color:category bar:leader_gorbachev from:1985.45 till:1985.45 color:none text:"Gorbachev era (1985–1991)"

bar:yazov from:1990.33 till:1991.67 color:defence text:"Dmitry Yazov"

Notes

References

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |author-link=John Erickson (historian) |orig-year=1962 |access-date=2024-12-12
  • {{cite journal
  • {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Grachev |editor-first=Pavel |trans-title=Vystrel
  • {{cite book |editor-last=Huskey |editor-first=Eugene
  • {{cite journal |url-access=subscription
  • {{cite book |author-link=Ohto Manninen |access-date=2024-12-02
  • {{cite thesis |access-date=2024-12-12
  • {{cite journal |access-date=2021-09-27
  • {{cite journal
  • {{cite web
  • {{cite book |author-link=Harold Shukman |orig-year=1993 |publication-place=London
  • {{cite journal |access-date=2024-12-05
  • {{cite book |publication-place=Moscow
  • {{cite web
  • {{cite book |author-link1=Earl F. Ziemke

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