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Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet administrative unit in 1936–1991

Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Summary

Soviet administrative unit in 1936–1991

FieldValue
native_nameМарийская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика
common_nameMari ASSR
conventional_long_nameMari Autonomous Soviet
subdivisionASSR
nationthe Russian SFSR
Republic of the Russian Federation
image_flagFlag of the Mari ASSR.svg
flag_typeFlag
(1978–1990)
image_coatEmblem of the Mari ASSR.svg
symbol_typeEmblem
(from 1978)
mottoanthem =
capitalYoshkar-Ola
government_typeAutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
date_start5 December
year_start1936
event1Sovereignty declared (Renamed to the Mari SSR)
date_event122 October 1990
event_endRenamed to the Mari El Republic
date_end9 December
year_end1992
p1Mari Autonomous Oblast
flag_p1Flag RSFSR 1918.svg
s1Mari El
flag_s1Flag of Mari El 1992-2006.svg
image_mapMari ASSR in the Soviet Union (European part).svg

Republic of the Russian Federation (1978–1990) (from 1978)

The Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari ASSR) (Mari: Марий Автоном Совет Социализм Республик, Mariy Avtonom Sovet Sotsializm Respublik) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR, succeeding the Mari Autonomous Oblast. When the Soviet Union disintegrated, the Mari ASSR became the Mari El Republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation.

History

Mari ASSR, Yoshkar-Ola. USSR postage stamp, 1960

The Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed on 5 December 1936, according to the USSR Constitution of 1936 as a result of the transformation of the Mari Autonomous Oblast (region), created on 4 November 1920, as an autonomous territorial entity for the Mountain Mari and Meadow Mari people. The Mari people initially welcomed the creation of this autonomous oblast because they believed it would lead to the Soviet Union protecting their language and pagan way of life from Christian encroachment. However, under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union enforced Russian as the official language on the Mari ASSR and marginalised their religious practices. Stalin also implemented collective farming in the 1930s and forced Maris to leave their villages to work on them to further erode Mari culture.

On 22 October 1990, by decision of the , it was transformed into the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR). On May 24, 1991, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR approved this decision, amending the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978.

On 9 December 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation renamed the Mari SSR into the Republic of Mari El, amending Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This amendment entered into force from the moment of publication in the "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" on 12 January 1993.

Administrative divisions

The Mari ASSR included 14 regions.

On the territory of the Mari ASSR there were three cities (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk, Kozmodemyansk) and 14 urban-type settlements.

National composition

According to the 1970 census:

  • Russians – 321,000 (46.9%)
  • Mari – 299,000 (43.6%)
  • Tatars – 40,000 (5.8%)
  • Chuvash – 9,000 (1.3%)
  • Ukrainians – 5,000 (0.7%)
  • Others – 11,000 (1.7%)

References

References

  1. Kalder, Daniel. (2006). "Lost Cosmonaut". Scribner.
  2. Hoare, James. (18 March 2019). "The Mysterious Mari People - Last Pagans of Europe".
  3. "Закон РСФСР от 24 мая 1991 г. "Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) РСФСР"".
  4. "Закон РФ от 9 декабря 1992 г. N 4061-I "Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Федерации - России" (принят седьмым Съездом народных депутатов РФ)".
  5. (1993-01-12). "S. 4.". Rossiyskaya Gazeta.
  6. (1999). "The Encyclopedia Americana". Grolier Incorporated.
  7. {{GSEn. Марийская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика
Wikipedia Source

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