Magnesium stearate

Speciation

Anhydrous magnesium stearate is known, with the formula . More important are the hydrates, which have the formula where n = 1, 2, 3. The latter has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Manufacturing

Magnesium stearate is produced by the reaction of sodium stearate with magnesium salts or by treating magnesium oxide with stearic acid.

Uses

Magnesium stearate is the most widely used additive in pharmaceuticals. in the manufacture of medical tablets, capsules and powders. In this regard, the substance is also useful because it has lubricating properties, preventing ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets; magnesium stearate is the most commonly used lubricant for tablets. However, it might cause lower wettability and slower disintegration of the tablets and slower and even lower dissolution of the drug.

Magnesium stearate can also be used efficiently in dry coating processes.

In the production of pressed candies, magnesium stearate serves as a release agent. It is also used to bind sugar in hard candies such as mints.

In the EU and EFTA, it is listed as food additive E470b.

Occurrence

When produced by soap and hard water, magnesium stearate and calcium stearate both form a white solid insoluble in water, and are collectively known as soap scum. This scum is a major component of the common “ring” of scum around a drained bathtub.

Safety

Magnesium stearate is generally considered safe for human consumption at levels below 2500 mg per kg of body weight per day and is classified in the United States as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). In 1979, the FDA's Subcommittee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) reported, "There is no evidence in the available information on ... magnesium stearate ... that demonstrates, or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect, a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that are now current and in the manner now practiced, or which might reasonably be expected in the future."

References

References

1. Angelo Nora, Alfred Szczepanek, Gunther Koenen, "Metallic Soaps" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi. 10.1002/14356007.a16_361
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10. Thomas G., Ouabbas Y., Grosseau P., Baron M., Chamayou A., Galet L.. (2009). "Modeling the main interaction forces between powder particles. Application to silica gel-magnesium stearate mixtures". Applied Surface Science.
11. Sato A., Serris E., Grosseau P., Thomas G., Galet L., Chamayou A., Baron M.. (2013). "Experiment and simulation of dry particle coating". Chem. Eng. Science.
12. Aurora Saulo Hodgson. (April 2002). "Common Food Additives in Candy". [[College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources]].
13. (1980). "Magnesium stearate given peroprally to rats. A short term study". Toxicology.
14. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110118025600/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm?rpt=scogsListing&id=198 FDA's SCOGS Database]; Report No. 60; ID Code: 557-04-0; Year: 1979