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Mace (spray)

Brand name of an aerosol self-defense spray

Field	Value
title	Mace
type	Self-defense chemical spray
inventor	Alan Lee Litman
inception	1960s
manufacturer	Mace Security International
available	Discontinued
website

Note

the original tear gas chemical spray and its derivatives

Mace is the brand name of an early type of aerosol self-defense spray invented by Alan Lee Litman in the 1960s. The first commercial product of its type, Litman's design packaged phenacyl chloride (CN) tear gas dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents into a small aerosol spray can, usable in many environments and strong enough to act as a deterrent and incapacitant when sprayed in the face.

A generic trademark, its popularity led to the name "mace" being commonly used for other defense sprays regardless of their composition, and for the term "maced" to be used to reference being pepper sprayed. It is unrelated to the spice mace.

History

The original formulation consisted of 1% chloroacetophenone (CN) in a solvent of 2-butanol, propylene glycol, cyclohexene, and dipropylene glycol methyl ether. Chemical Mace was originally developed in the 1960s by Allan Lee Litman and his wife, Doris Litman, after one of Doris's female colleagues was robbed in Pittsburgh. In 1987, Chemical Mace was sold to Smith & Wesson and manufactured by their Lake Erie Chemical division. Smith & Wesson subsequently transferred ownership to Jon E. Goodrich along with the rest of the chemical division in what is now Mace Security International, which also owns federal trademark registrations for the term "mace".

Historically, "chemical mace" was the development of irritant with the active ingredient called phenacyl chloride (CN) to incapacitate others whereas the term "Mace" is a trademarked term for use on personal defense sprays. Though the design has been expanded on, the original chemical mace formula using only CN has since been discontinued. Due to the potentially toxic nature of CN and the generally superior incapacitating qualities of oleoresin capsicum (OC) pepper spray in most situations, the early CN has been mostly supplanted by OC formulas in police use, although Mace Security International still retains a popular "Triple Action" formula combining CN, OC and an ultraviolet marker dye.

References

Leu, Chelsea. (1 July 2017). "What's Inside Triple-Action Mace? Chili Peppers and UV Dye".
"27 Trademarked Names That Have Become Commonly Used Terms".
(July 19, 2014). "15 Product Trademarks That Have Become Victims Of Genericization". Consumer Reports.
(1999). "Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World". SUNY Press.
Sarosh, Tuba. (2021-11-26). "Pepper Spray vs Mace Spray: What's the Difference?".
(November 4, 2014). "The Forgotten History of Mace, Designed by a 29-Year-Old and Reinvented as a Police Weapon".
"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval".
"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval".
"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval".
"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval".
"Mace vs. Pepper Spray – Pepper Spray Store".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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