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Luna 10

Soviet lunar probe launched in 1966; first artificial satellite of the Moon

Field	Value
name	Luna 10
image	File:Luna 10 Musee du Bourget P1010504.JPG
image_caption	Luna 10 mockup, Le Bourget (France)
mission_type	Lunar orbiter
operator	Soviet space program
COSPAR_ID	1966-027A
SATCAT	02126
mission_duration	60 days
spacecraft_type	E-6S
manufacturer	GSMZ Lavochkin
dry_mass	540 kg
launch_mass	1,583.7 kg
instruments	Magnetometer
Gamma-ray spectrometer
Five gas-discharge counters
Two ion traps/charged particle trap
Piezoelectric micrometeorite detector
Infrared detector
Low-energy x-ray photon counters
launch_date	31 March 1966, 10:46:59 UTC
launch_rocket	Molniya-M 8K78M
launch_site	Baikonur, Site 31/6
last_contact	30 May 1966
orbit_reference	Selenocentric
orbit_periapsis	349 km
orbit_apoapsis	1015 km
orbit_inclination	71.9°
orbit_period	178.05 minutes
apsis	selene
type	orbiter
object	Lunar
arrival_date	3 April 1966, 18:44 GMT
location
programme	Luna programme
previous_mission	Kosmos 111
next_mission	Luna 11

Gamma-ray spectrometer Five gas-discharge counters Two ion traps/charged particle trap Piezoelectric micrometeorite detector Infrared detector Low-energy x-ray photon counters

Luna 10 () or Lunik 10 was a 1966 Soviet lunar robotic spacecraft mission in the Luna program. It was the first artificial satellite of the Moon, and any other body other than Earth and the Sun (in heliocentric orbit).

Luna 10 conducted extensive research in lunar orbit, gathering important data on the strength of the Moon's magnetic field, its radiation belts, and the nature of lunar rocks (which were found to be comparable to terrestrial basalt rocks), cosmic radiation, and micrometeoroid density. Perhaps its most important finding was the first evidence of mass concentrations (called "mascons") — areas of denser material below the lunar surface that distort lunar orbital trajectories.

The spacecraft

Part of the E-6S series, Luna 10 was battery powered and had an on-orbit dry mass of 540 kg. Scientific instruments included a gamma-ray spectrometer for energies between 0.3–3 MeV (50–500 pJ), a triaxial magnetometer, a meteorite detector, instruments for solar-plasma studies, and devices for measuring infrared emissions from the Moon and radiation conditions of the lunar environment. Gravitational studies were also conducted.

The flight

Luna 10 launched towards the Moon on 31 March 1966 at 10:48 GMT.

After a midcourse correction on 1 April, the spacecraft entered lunar orbit on 3 April 1966 and completed its first orbit 3 hours later (on 4 April Moscow time). A 245-kilogram instrument compartment separated from the main bus, which was in a 218 x 621 mile orbit inclined at 71.9° to the lunar equator.

Luna 10 operated for 460 lunar orbits and performed 219 active data transmissions before radio signals were discontinued on 30 May 1966. The spacecraft eventually crashed on the moon on an unknown date.

The Internationale

The spacecraft carried a set of solid-state oscillators that had been programmed to reproduce the notes of "The Internationale", so that it could be broadcast live to the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. During a rehearsal on the night of 3 April, the playback went well, but the following morning, controllers discovered a missing note and played the previous night's tape to the assembled gathering at the Congress — claiming it was a live broadcast from the Moon. File:Luna 10 Space Probe.jpg|Replica of Luna 10 space probe, K. E. Tsiolkovsky Museum of the History of Cosmonautics File:Laika ac Memorial Museum of Astronautics (6995717351).jpg|Luna 10 model (suspended), Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics File:1966 CPA 3380.jpg|Stamp of the Luna 10

References

(2018). "Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016". NASA History Program Office.
"Luna 10".
"Measurements of the Magnetic Field in the Vicinity of the Moon on the AMS LUNA-10".
"Measurements of Gamma Radiation of the Lunar Surface on the Space Station LUNA-10".
Harvey, Brian. (17 August 2007). "Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration". Springer Science & Business Media.
"Determination of the Gravitational Field of the Moon by the Motion of the AMs LUNA-10".
"Luna 10: The First Lunar Satellite".
Kopal, Zdeněk. (23 September 1971). "A New Photographic Atlas of the Moon". Taplinger.
"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
(2019). "The Soviet Space Program The Lunar Years: 1959-1976".
(19 November 1968). "Soviet-bloc Research in Geophysics, Astronomy, and Space". U.S. Joint Publications Research Service; may be ordered from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.
"Soviet Says Satellite Orbits Moon". Sarasota Herald-Tribune.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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