Luke 22

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 71 verses. It is the second longest chapter in the gospel in terms of number of verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

• Papyrus 75 (175–225)
• Papyrus 69 (3rd century; extant verses 41, 45–48, 58–61)
• Uncial 0171 (~300; extant verses 44–50, 52–56, 61, 63–64)
• Codex Vaticanus (325–350)
• Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
• Codex Bezae (~400)
• Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
• Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)
• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 1–18).

The chief priests and the scribes deal with Judas (verses 1–6)

Main article: Bargain of Judas

describes the chief priests and scribes' plot to kill Jesus in collaboration with Judas Iscariot. This scene is also depicted in Mark 14:1–2, 10–11 and Matthew 26:1–5, 14–16. Henry Alford notes that Matthew's account is the more complete and refers to Luke's account as "a mere compendium of what took place". Luke's wording emphasises that Judas sought to betray Jesus "when no crowd was present", reflecting the chief priests' and scribes' fear that they could not openly arrest Jesus because of his popular support. John 11:45–57 also records the plot to kill Jesus.

Verse 1

:Now the Festival of Unleavened Bread, called the Passover, was approaching. This little explanation, "called the Passover", "shows most clearly that St Luke is writing mainly for Gentiles".

Verse 2

:And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might kill Him, for they feared the people. Scottish Free Church minister William Robertson Nicoll calls Jesus' popularity among the people "very embarrassing", while the writer Frederic Farrar considers it "humiliating" for them.

Verse 3

:Then Satan entered Judas, surnamed Iscariot, who was numbered among the twelve. Luke alone of the synoptic writers sets the earthly events of the passion in the context of an eschatological battle with Satan. observing that "Luke's statement is stronger even than John's, suggesting a literal possession".

The passover meal (verses 7–13)

These verses describe how Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare "a furnished upper room" (verse 12) for their taking of a Passover meal (which would be the Last Supper). This preparation is also depicted in Mark 14:12–16 and Matthew 26:17–25. Luke's is the only account which names the apostles (verse 8: cf. subsequent pairings of Peter and John in Acts 3:1-11, 4:1 and elsewhere). and the only narrative in which Jesus takes the initiative in arranging the meal: in Matthew and Mark, the disciples raise the subject.

The farewell address (verses 14-38)

has been described as "Jesus' farewell address", modeled after other farewell addresses in the Greco-Roman and biblical traditions.

Verse 14

:When the hour had come, He sat down, and the twelve apostles with Him. The word δώδεκα (dōdeka, meaning "twelve") does not appear in some ancient manuscripts, and some critical editors omit it. Protestant divine Heinrich Meyer suggests "it was written in the margin in agreement with the parallels", before being adopted into some texts.

Verse 15

:Then He said to them, "With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. :καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα τοῦτο τὸ πάσχα φαγεῖν μεθ’ ὑμῶν πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν· Jesus declares to his apostles that "with fervent desire" (, epithumia epithumesa) he has longed to celebrate this Passover with them. Pope Gregory X used these words () as his text at the Second Council of Lyons in 1274, in his sermon on the unity of the churches. These words would have been spoken in Aramaic. The construction reflects the Hebrew infinitive absolute which intensifies a verb. Why Jesus had such an earnest desire for this particular Passover is an open question: for Meyer, the expression suggests that his earnest wish was that "His passion should not begin before the Passover".

Verse 16

:For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds fulfillment in the kingdom of God. :λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐ μὴ φάγω αὐτὸ ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ. The word "again" is not in the Greek, but implied, and similarly in verse 18: :For I tell you I will not drink again from the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes. David Robert Palmer suggests that "some copyists apparently felt obliged to add the Greek word οὐκέτι, (ouketi) to both clarify the meaning, and also to harmonize Luke with , and perhaps also with , which says, 'from now on'." The Textus Receptus includes the word οὐκέτι in verse 16 but not verse 18.

Verse 38

:And they said, "Look, Lord, here are two swords." And he said to them, "It is enough." Main article: Doctrine of the two swords

The unfolding passion narrative (verses 39-71)

Verses 40–42

:Pray that you will not fall into temptation (New International Version, verse 40) :Not my will, but yours, be done (New King James Version, verse 42) The words reflect Jesus' previous instructions to his disciples on how to pray (the Lord's Prayer, ), although the words "thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven" do not appear in the earliest-known versions of Luke's Lord's Prayer. The Pulpit Commentary suggests that "the temptation in question was the grave sin of moral cowardice into which so soon the disciples fell".

Verses 43–44

Main article: Luke 22:43–44

:Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground. The authenticity of Luke 22:43–44 has been disputed by scholars since the second half of the 19th century. The verses are placed in double brackets in modern editions of the Greek text, and listed in a footnote in the Revised Standard Version.

Verse 45

:When He rose up from prayer, and had come to His disciples, He found them sleeping from sorrow. Luke adds "from sorrow", words which do not appear in the accounts of Matthew or Mark.

Verses 50–51

:50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear. And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him. Luke, like John, specifically notes that it was the servant's right ear which was removed. The exact meaning of Jesus' words, Suffer ye thus far, or No more of this! in the New International Version, "has been much debated". Alford treats them as directed to the multitude or specifically to Jesus' captors, meaning "allow me to touch the ear of the wounded person"; Nicoll suggests alternatively that they could have been directed to the disciples: "let them apprehend me", or "no more use of weapons".

Verse 70

:εἶπαν δὲ πάντες Σὺ οὖν εἶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ; ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔφη Ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι. :Eipan de pantes, "Su oun ei ho Huios tou Theou?"; ho de pros autous ephē, "Humeis legete hoti egō eimi."

:All of them asked, "Are you, then, the Son of God?" :He said to them, "You say that I am". (New Revised Standard Version) The New King James Version adds "rightly": :"You rightly say that I am". Similarly, J. B. Phillips translates as: :"You are right; I am", Jesus told them. The Pulpit Commentary describes the style here as rabbinic: "by such an answer, the one interrogated accepts as his own affirmation the question put to him in its entirety."

Verse 71

:And they said, "What further testimony do we need? For we have heard it ourselves from His own mouth". We have heard it ourselves that he "gives Himself out to be the Messiah". The chapter ends with the anticipated rejection of Jesus' self-witness and his resulting condemnation.

References

References

1. Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
2. Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
3. [[Jerusalem Bible]] (1966), Sub-heading for Luke 22–23
4. Franklin, E., ''59. Luke'', in Barton, John and Muddiman, John (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary], p. 954
5. [[Luke 1]] has 80 verses
6. Alford, H., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/alford/luke/22.htm Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford] on Luke 22, accessed 28 October 2023
7. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:6. NRSV: [[New Revised Standard Version]]
8. {{bibleverse. Luke. 19:48. NKJV, {{bibleverse-nb. Luke. 20:19. NKJV
9. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:1. NIV: [[New International Version]] (NIV)
10. Farrar, F. W., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/luke/22.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Luke 22, accessed 28 October 2023
11. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:2. NKJV: [[New King James Version]] (NKJV)
12. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:3. NKJV
13. Nicoll suggests that his readers should compare this verse with [[John 13#Verse2. John 13:2]]: ''the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot'',{{bibleverse. John. 13:2. ESV: ESV
14. Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote f at Luke 8:51
15. Nicoll, W. R., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/luke/22.htm Expositor's Greek Testament] on Luke 22, accessed 9 February 2022
16. Kurz, W. S. (1985), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3260966.pdf Luke 22:14-38 and Greco-Roman and Biblical Farewell Addresses], ''Journal of Biblical Literature'', Vol. 104, No. 2 (June 1985), pp. 251–268, accessed 19 July 2018
17. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:14. NKJV: NKJV
18. Conversely in [[Luke 9#Verse 1. Luke 9:1]] the word δώδεκα consistently appears, but some manuscripts also add μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ (''mathētas autou'', 'his disciples').Meyer, W. A. H., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/luke/9.htm Meyer's NT Commentary] on Luke 9, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 31 October 2023
19. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:15. NKJV
20. {{cite CE1913. Goyau. Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges
21. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:16. NIV: NIV
22. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:18. NIV: NIV
23. Palmer, D. R., [https://bibletranslation.ws/trans/lukewgrk.pdf The Gospel of Luke: a Translation from the Greek], August 2020 edition, accessed 7 February 2022, pg. 92
24. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:16-8. TR1550: Textus Receptus
25. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:38. ESV: [[English Standard Version]]
26. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/luke/11.htm Pulpit Commentary] on Luke 11, accessed 20 July 2018
27. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/luke/22.htm Pulpit Commentary] on Luke 22, accessed 20 July 2018
28. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:43-44. NKJV
29. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:45. NKJV
30. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:50-51. KJV: [[King James Version]]
31. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:70. NKJV: NKJV
32. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:70. PHILLIPS: J.B. Phillips' New Testament
33. {{bibleverse. Luke. 22:71. NKJV: NKJV
34. Meyer, W. A. H., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/luke/22.htm Meyer's NT Commentary] on Luke 22, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 6 February 2022
35. {{bibleverse. Luke. 9:22. NKJV: NKJV
36. [[Arno C. Gaebelein. Gaebelein, A. C.]], [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/gaebelein/luke/22.htm Gaebelein's Annotated Bible] on Luke 22, accessed 6 February 2022