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Lobomycosis

Lobomycosis
FieldValue
nameLobo's disease
synonymsLobo disease, Jorge Lobo's disease, Lacaziosis, keloidal blastomycosis
imageLobomycosis.jpg
captionHistopathological changes in the skin seen in lobomycosis. Source: CDC
causesLacazia loboi

Lobomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin. It usually presents with bumps in the skin, firm swellings, deep skin lesions, or malignant tumors.

It is caused by Lacazia loboi (formerly named Loboa loboi). Transmission is generally by direct contact with contaminated water, soil, vegetation, or by direct contact with an infected dolphin.

Diagnosis is by identifying Lacazia laboi in a lesion.

This disease is usually found in humans and bottlenose dolphins, with the possible risk of transmission from one species to the other.

It was discovered by Brazilian dermatologist Jorge Lobo. Other names which were given to the disease are: keloidal blastomycosis, Amazonian blastomycosis, blastomycoid granuloma, miraip and piraip. These last two names were given by natives of the Amazon and mean that which burns.

Signs and symptoms

The disease is endemic in rural regions in South America and Central America. Infection most commonly develops after minor scratches or insect bites, but many patients cannot recall any skin trauma. Human-to-human transmission does not occur, and the disease is only acquired from the environment. The disease manifests as chronic keloidal nodular lesions on the ears, legs, or arms.{{Cite journal | author1-first = Franciely G. | author1-last = Gonçalves | doi-access = free

Lobomycosis lesions on the skin of a bottlenosed dolphin

Diagnosis of Lobo's disease is made by taking a sample of the infected skin (a skin biopsy) and examining it under the microscope. Lacazia loboi is characterized by long chains of spherical cells interconnected by tubules. The cells appear to be yeast-like with a diameter of 5 to 12 μm. Attempts to culture L. loboi have so far been unsuccessful.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

The disease is often misdiagnosed as Blastomyces dermatitidis or Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis due to its similar morphology.

Treatment

Surgical excision or cryosurgery is the treatment of choice. Treatment with antifungals has been considered ineffective, but the use of clofazimine and dapsone in patients with leprosy and lobomycosis has been found to improve the latter. This treatment regimen, with concomitant itraconazole, has been used to prevent recurrence after surgery.

Other animals

Lesions in dolphins occur on the dorsal fin, head, flukes, and peduncle. In January 2006, a potential epidemic of lobomycosis was reported in dolphins of the Indian River Lagoon in Florida.

References

References

  1. "ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics".
  2. (June 2008). "Disseminated lobomycosis". Int. J. Dermatol..
  3. (February 2008). "Macrophage and TGF-beta immunohistochemical expression in Jorge Lobo's disease". Hum. Pathol..
  4. Johnstone, Ronald B.. (2017). "Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials". Elsevier.
  5. Honda, Kord. (2006). "Lobomycosis". eMedicine.
  6. (April 2004). "Human case of lobomycosis". Emerging Infect. Dis..
  7. (2013-10-01). "Lobomycosis: risk of zoonotic transmission from dolphins to humans". Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.
  8. (14 April 2017). "Lobomycosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". WebMD.
  9. (1979). "História natural da doença de Jorge Lobo. Ocorrência entre os índios Caibi (Brasil Central)". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo.
  10. (2007). "Dermatology". Mosby.
  11. (2009). "Accidental Jorge Lobo's disease in a worker dealing with ''Lacazia loboi'' infected mice: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports.
  12. (January 2006). "Lobomycosis in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida". J Am Vet Med Assoc.
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

tropical-diseases animal-fungal-diseases mycosis-related-cutaneous-conditions
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