Liuboml

Overview

Liuboml is situated 200 mi southeast of Warsaw and 290 mi west of Kyiv, in a historic region known as Volhynia; not far from the border with Belarus to the north, and Poland to the west. Because of its strategic location at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe, Liuboml had a long history of changing rule, dating back to the 11th century. The territory of Volhynia first belonged to Kyivan Rus', then to the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Russian Empire, interwar Poland, the USSR, and finally to sovereign Ukraine.

History

The settlement was first mentioned in written documents from the 13th century.

The 4th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in Luboml in 1794.

During the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Luboml was annexed by Imperial Russia, within which it was located in Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd of Volhynia Governorate until the Russian Revolution of 1917. From 1921 to September 1939 it was an administrative centre of an urban county in the Wołyń Voivodeship of Poland.

A local newspaper is published here since 1939.

Before the ensuing Holocaust, Luboml was a town with the highest percentage of Jews anywhere in the country by 1931, exceeding 94% of the total population of over 3,300 people.

In Yiddish, the town was called Libivne. During World War II, Liuboml was occupied twice. It remained under the German occupation from 25 June 1941 until 19 July 1944 in the years following the anti-Soviet Operation Barbarossa. It was administered as a part of the Nazi German Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The entire Jewish community of Liuboml was annihilated in a mass shooting action conducted in 1942 on the outskirts of town in the deadliest phase of the Holocaust. The town's Jews along with refugees from western Poland estimated at around 4,500 people, were taken by the German Einsatzgruppen aided by the local Ukrainian collaborators and Auxiliary Police to nearby pits and shot. There were 51 known survivors from the virtually eradicated town. Liuboml was repopulated during the postwar repatriations.

In January 1989 the population was 10,124 people.

Historical and Cultural Heritage Monuments

The town's landmarks include St. George's Church, built in the 16th century in place of a 13th-century Orthodox church which previously occupied the site, and the Trinity Church, which goes back to 1412, but was subsequently rebuilt, with a belfry from 1640. Prior to the Second World War, the grand synagogue was a dominant landmark as well, before its meticulous destruction.

Gallery

File:Luboml'_Gorodysche Zamchysche 02 (YDS_7186).jpg|Site of Ancient Settlement with the castle hill and fosse (“Fossia”) in the city centre, 13th–13th centuries File: Luboml'_Gorodysche Zamchysche 01 (YDS_7181).jpg|Sign of Ancient Settlement of 13th–14th centuries in the city centre File:Liuboml Volynska-archeological site Gord-Settlement-first&second.jpg|Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, X cent. File:Liuboml Volynska-archeological site Gord-Settlement-first sign-2.jpg|Sign of Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, 10th century File:Luboml' Georgiyivs'ka Tserkva 03 (YDS 7223).jpg|Saint George Church (1264), entrance view File:Luboml' Georgiyivs'ka Tserkva 01 (YDS 7179).jpg|Saint George Church (1264), side view File:Church of the Holy Trinity in Lyuboml with bell tower 2.JPG|Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412) with bell tower (1764), complex File:Catholic church in Lyuboml. View from south side.JPG |Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412), side view File:The bell tower of the church of the Holy Trinity in Lyuboml.JPG|Bell Tower (1764) of Kostel of the Holy Trinity, entrance view File:Luboml' Tserkva Rizdva Bogorodytsi 01 (YDS 7208).jpg|Nativity of Virgin Mary Church (wooden, 1884) File:Luboml' Tserkva Rizdva Bogorodytsi 03 (YDS 7211).jpg|Nativity of Virgin Mary Church, entrance view File:Luboml' Palats Branyts;kyh 01 (YDS 7241).jpg|Palace of polish counts Branicki (2nd half of XVIII cent) File: Luboml' Palats Branyts'kyh 03 (YDS 7238).jpg|Palace of polish counts Branicki, back view File:Синагога м. Любомль.jpg|Great Synagogue (1510) ruined in 1947 File:Luboml' Zabudova Tsentral'noui Ploschi 01 (YDS 7221).jpg|Historical central square buildings (faced) File:Luboml' Zabudova Tsentral'noui Ploschi 02 (YDS 7222).jpg|Historical market place buildings File:Пам’ятник Б. Хмельницькому у м. Любомль.JPG|Statue of Bohdan Khmelnytskiy

References

• Luboml.org website in remembrance of the vanished Jewish community.

References

1. the Luboml exhibit. (1999). "Luboml". Minneapolis Jewish Community Center.
2. Любомль // Советский энциклопедический словарь. редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 4-е изд. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1986. стр.734
3. Gembarzewski, Bronisław. (1925). "Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831". Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej.
4. № 2640. Советская жизнь // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986—1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр. 346
5. Andrzej Gawryszewski. (2005). "Distribution of Jewish population (by religion) in Poland in 1921 and 1931". [[Polish Academy of Sciences]].
6. Florida Chapter of the American Society for Yad Vashem. (April 26, 2006). "U.S. Students Discover Holocaust Through Short Stories of Polish Shtetl". Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
7. [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу]
8. Любомль // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.736