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List of youngest members of the United States Congress
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The following are historical lists of the youngest members of the United States Congress, in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. These members would be the equivalent to the "Baby of the House" in the parliaments of Commonwealth countries; the U.S. Congress does not confer a similar title upon its youngest members.
Right: Maxwell Frost, age , currently the youngest U.S. representative
The youngest U.S. congressman tends to be older than the youngest MPs in Commonwealth countries. This is partly because the minimum age requirements enumerated in Article One of the United States Constitution bar persons under the age of 25 years and 30 years from serving in the House and Senate, respectively. Additionally, the political culture of the United States encourages young politicians to gain experience in state and local offices before running for Congress. Although the vast majority of members of Congress gained state and local experience before being elected to Congress, members lacking state and local experience have increased recently.
Maxwell Frost is the youngest member of the 119th Congress at age . He succeeded one-term representative Madison Cawthorn, who was the youngest person elected to the U.S. Congress since Jed Johnson Jr. in 1964, the second-youngest congressman in United States history.
Jon Ossoff is the youngest sitting senator at , replacing Josh Hawley, who had been the youngest senator of the 116th Congress at age 41. Ossoff is the youngest person elected to the U.S. Senate since Don Nickles in 1980. The average age of senators is higher now than in the past. In the 19th century, several state legislatures elected senators in their late twenties despite the Constitutional minimum age of 30, such as Henry Clay, who was sworn into office at age 29, and John Henry Eaton, the youngest U.S. senator in history, who took his oath of office when he was old.
List of youngest U.S. senators
For senators elected to a regular session, the starting date is the date on which the new Congress convened. From 1789 to 1935, this is March 4 (with the previous Congress ending on March 3); from 1937 onward, this is January 3.
For senators appointed to a vacancy or elected in a special election, the starting date represents their swearing-in date.
| Duration as youngest | Name | State | Party | Start age | End age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – July 25, 1789 | James Gunn | GA | |||
| – December 6, 1790 | Rufus King | NY | |||
| – March 4, 1791 | James Monroe | VA | |||
| – December 2, 1793 | John Rutherfurd | NJ | |||
| – February 28, 1794 | Albert Gallatin | PA | |||
| – April 24, 1794 | John Rutherfurd | NJ | |||
| – December 6, 1796 | James Ross | PA | |||
| – December 6, 1796 | Josiah Tattnall | GA | |||
| – November 22, 1797 | Richard Stockton | NJ | |||
| – April 1, 1798 | Andrew Jackson | TN | |||
| – February 4, 1799 | Ray Greene | RI | |||
| – March 3, 1801 | William Wells | DE | |||
| – October 17, 1803 | Samuel White | DE | |||
| – December 29, 1806 | Thomas Worthington | OH | |||
| – March 4, 1807 | Henry Clay | KY | |||
| – September 1807 | James Fenner | RI | |||
| – December 9, 1807 | Samuel White | DE | |||
| – January 12, 1810 | William Crawford | GA | |||
| – January 12, 1810 | Jenkin Whiteside | TN | |||
| – March 3, 1813 | Alexander Campbell | OH | |||
| – May 27, 1813 | Outerbridge Horsey | DE | |||
| – May 27, 1813 | William Bulloch | GA | |||
| – December 6, 1813 | Robert Goldsborough | MD | |||
| – April 9, 1814 | William Bibb | GA | |||
| – February 2, 1815 | Jesse Wharton | TN | |||
| – January 22, 1816 | William Barry | KY | |||
| – March 3, 1817 | Armistead Mason | VA | |||
| – November 16, 1818 | John Crittenden | KY | |||
| – March 3, 1821 | John Eaton | TN | |||
| – December 3, 1821 | Samuel Southard | NJ | |||
| – March 3, 1823 | John Eaton | TN | |||
| – March 3, 1825 | Robert Hayne | SC | |||
| – March 3, 1829 | Elias Kane | IL | |||
| – December 16, 1833 | John Clayton | DE | |||
| – December 31, 1833 | Lewis Linn | MO | |||
| – March 3, 1835 | John King | GA | |||
| – December 5, 1836 | Robert Walker | MS | |||
| – February 2, 1837 | Ambrose Sevier | AR | |||
| – March 3, 1837 | Alexandre Mouton | LA | |||
| – January 11, 1841 | Franklin Pierce | NH | |||
| – February 7, 1842 | Alfred Nicholson | TN | |||
| – February 28, 1842 | Franklin Pierce | NH | |||
| – March 1, 1842 | Alexandre Mouton | LA | |||
| – April 14, 1842 | William Graham | NC | |||
| – July 6, 1842 | Charles Conrad | LA | |||
| – March 3, 1843 | William Dayton | NJ | |||
| – December 4, 1843 | Ned Hannegan | IN | |||
| – March 3, 1845 | David Atchison | MO | |||
| – March 3, 1847 | Jesse Bright | IN | |||
| – June 26, 1848 | Stephen Douglas | IL | |||
| – December 14, 1853 | Isaac Walker | WI | |||
| – March 3, 1855 | Clement Clay | AL | |||
| – March 5, 1860 | George Pugh | OH | |||
| – January 22, 1863 | Milton Latham | CA | |||
| – March 3, 1863 | David Turpie | IN | |||
| – June 23, 1868 | William Sprague | RI | |||
| – June 30, 1868 | Alexander McDonald | AR | |||
| – July 25, 1868 | Thomas Osborn | FL | |||
| – March 3, 1873 | George Spencer | AL | |||
| – March 3, 1879 | Stephen Dorsey | AR | |||
| – March 3, 1881 | Blanche Bruce | MS | |||
| – October 11, 1881 | Arthur Gorman | MD | |||
| – March 3, 1883 | Nelson Aldrich | RI | |||
| – December 2, 1889 | John Kenna | WV | |||
| – March 3, 1891 | Richard Pettigrew | SD | |||
| – January 24, 1895 | John Irby | SC | |||
| – March 3, 1895 | Jeter Pritchard | NC | |||
| – March 3, 1901 | Marion Butler | NC | |||
| – March 3, 1905 | Albert Beveridge | IN | |||
| Joseph W. Bailey | TX | ||||
| – January 30, 1907 | Elmer Burkett | NE | |||
| – March 3, 1907 | Frederick Mulkey | OR | |||
| – December 11, 1907 | Simon Guggenheim | CO | |||
| – December 26, 1907 | Thomas Gore | OK | |||
| – March 22, 1908 | William Bryan | FL | |||
| – January 9, 1911 | Thomas Gore | OK | |||
| – January 31, 1911 | Davis Elkins | WV | |||
| – March 3, 1911 | Thomas Gore | OK | |||
| – March 3, 1917 | Luke Lea | TN | |||
| – July 8, 1918 | Peter Gerry | RI | |||
| – November 5, 1918 | Christie Benet | SC | |||
| – March 3, 1919 | Peter Gerry | RI | |||
| – March 3, 1923 | Pat Harrison | MS | |||
| – March 3, 1925 | Clarence Dill | WA | |||
| – December 7, 1925 | Sam Bratton | NM | |||
| – January 12, 1933 | Bob La Follette Jr. | WI | |||
| – June 21, 1935 | Richard Russell | GA | |||
| – October 17, 1940 | Rush Holt | WV | |||
| – December 12, 1940 | Joseph Ball | MN | |||
| – December 6, 1942 | Berkeley Bunker | NV | |||
| – January 3, 1943 | Henry Lodge | MA | |||
| – November 14, 1944 | Joseph Ball | MN | |||
| – January 3, 1945 | William Jenner | IN | |||
| – January 18, 1945 | Joseph Ball | MN | |||
| – August 26, 1945 | Hugh Mitchell | WA | |||
| – January 3, 1947 | William Knowland | CA | |||
| – December 31, 1948 | Joseph McCarthy | WI | |||
| – January 3, 1957 | Russell Long | LA | |||
| – June 15, 1961 | Frank Church | ID | |||
| – December 7, 1961 | John Tower | TX | |||
| – November 6, 1962 | Moe Murphy | NH | |||
| – January 3, 1969 | Ted Kennedy | MA | |||
| – January 2, 1971 | Bob Packwood | OR | |||
| – January 3, 1973 | John Tunney | CA | |||
| – January 3, 1979 | Joe Biden | DE | |||
| – January 3, 1981 | Bill Bradley | NJ | |||
| – March 11, 1987 | Don Nickles | OK | |||
| – January 3, 1989 | David Karnes | NE | |||
| – January 3, 1993 | Don Nickles | OK | |||
| – January 3, 1995 | Russ Feingold | WI | |||
| – January 3, 1999 | Rick Santorum | PA | |||
| – January 3, 2003 | Peter Fitzgerald | IL | |||
| – January 3, 2009 | John Sununu | NH | |||
| – January 22, 2009 | Mark Pryor | AR | |||
| – January 27, 2009 | Michael Bennet | CO | |||
| – September 10, 2009 | Kirsten Gillibrand | NY | |||
| – July 20, 2010 | George LeMieux | FL | |||
| – November 15, 2010 | Carte Goodwin | WV | |||
| – January 3, 2011 | George LeMieux | FL | |||
| – December 26, 2012 | Mike Lee | UT | |||
| – January 3, 2013 | Brian Schatz | HI | |||
| – January 3, 2015 | Chris Murphy | CT | |||
| – January 3, 2019 | Tom Cotton | AR | |||
| – January 20, 2021 | Josh Hawley | MO | |||
| – present | Jon Ossoff | GA | **** | ****** |
List of youngest U.S. representatives
For representatives elected to a regular session, the starting date is the date at which the new Congress convened. From 1789 to 1935, this is March 4 (with the previous Congress ending on March 3); from 1937 onward, this is January 3.
For representatives elected in a special election, the starting date represents their swearing-in date.
| Duration as youngest | Congress | Name | District | Party | Start age | End age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – April 19, 1790 | Richard Lee | VA-04 | ||||
| – March 3, 1793 | – | John Steele | NC-04, 01 | |||
| – March 3, 1795 | Francis Preston | VA-04 | ||||
| – May 5, 1796 | Nathaniel Freeman | MA-05 | ||||
| – March 3, 1797 | Richard Sprigg | MD-02 | ||||
| – November 23, 1797 | John Dennis | MD-08 | ||||
| – March 3, 1801 | – | William Claiborne | TN-AL | |||
| – December 6, 1802 | John Stanly | NC-10 | ||||
| – March 3, 1803 | Samuel Thatcher | MA-12 | ||||
| – March 4, 1805 | – | John Jackson | VA-01 | |||
| – December 1, 1806 | John Claiborne | VA-17 | ||||
| – January 26, 1807 | William Burwell | VA-13 | ||||
| – March 3, 1807 | William Bibb | GA-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1809 | Jesse Wharton | TN-03 | ||||
| – November 27, 1809 | William Bibb | GA-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1811 | Jonathan Jennings | IN-AL | ||||
| – November 4, 1811 | William King | NC-05 | ||||
| – March 3, 1815 | – | Stevenson Archer | MD-06 | |||
| – December 17, 1816 | Richard Wilde | GA-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1817 | John Tyler | VA-23 | ||||
| – December 4, 1818 | George Robertson | KY-07 | ||||
| – March 3, 1819 | John McLean | IL-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1823 | – | Daniel Cook | IL-AL | |||
| – March 3, 1823 | ** | Andrew Govan | SC-04 | ** | ** | |
| – March 3, 1825 | Thomas Moore | KY-07 | ||||
| – March 3, 1827 | John Bryan | NC-04 | ||||
| – February 13, 1828 | William Nuckolls | SC-07 | ||||
| – March 3, 1829 | Ambrose Sevier | AR-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1831 | Dixon Lewis | AL-03 | ||||
| Spencer Pettis | MO-AL | ** | ** | |||
| – March 3, 1833 | Albert Hawes | KY-11 | ||||
| – March 3, 1835 | David Dickinson | TN-08 | ||||
| – March 3, 1837 | John Claiborne | MS-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1839 | Joseph Williams | TN-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1841 | Albert Brown | MS-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1843 | John Mason | MD-06 | ||||
| – March 3, 1845 | Alexander Ramsey | PA-14 | ||||
| – March 3, 1847 | Lucien Chase | TN-09 | ||||
| – March 3, 1849 | Richard Donnell | NC-08 | ||||
| – March 3, 1851 | James Orr | SC-02 | ||||
| – March 3, 1853 | William Churchwell | TN-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1855 | Milton Latham | CA-AL | ||||
| – July 23, 1856 | William Cumback | IN-04 | ||||
| – March 3, 1857 | Miguel Otero | NM-AL | ||||
| – December 3, 1860 | – | Albert Jenkins | VA-11 | |||
| – March 3, 1861 | John Brown | KY-05 | ||||
| – January 13, 1862 | Edward McPherson | PA-17 | ||||
| – March 3, 1863 | Andrew Clements | TN-04 | ||||
| – March 3, 1865 | John McBride | OR-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1867 | Thomas Noell | MO-03 | ||||
| – October 3, 1867 | Thomas Noell | MO-03 | ||||
| – June 24, 1868 | Charles Haight | NJ-02 | ||||
| – March 3, 1869 | Logan Roots | AR-01 | ||||
| – March 31, 1870 | Clinton Cobb | NC-01 | ||||
| – March 3, 1871 | John Conner | TX-02 | ||||
| – January 29, 1873 | Josiah Walls | FL-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1873 | John Conner | TX-02 | ||||
| – March 3, 1875 | John Smith | VA-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1877 | John White | KY-09 | ||||
| – February 20, 1878 | John Kenna | WV-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1879 | Joseph Acklen | LA-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1881 | Richard Frost | MO-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1883 | Henry Dugro | NY-07 | ||||
| – December 1, 1884 | George Post | PA-15 | ||||
| – March 3, 1885 | Benjamin Shively | IN-13 | ||||
| – February 2, 1887 | Bob La Follette | WI-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1887 | Hugh Price | WI-08 | ||||
| – March 3, 1889 | Benjamin Shively | IN-13 | ||||
| – December 9, 1889 | Thomas Magner | NY-05 | ||||
| – March 3, 1891 | Charles Turner | NY-06 | ||||
| – May 5, 1892 | Joseph W. Bailey | TX-05 | ||||
| – March 3, 1893 | Joseph Kendall | KY-10 | ||||
| – March 3, 1895 | Thomas Settle | NC-05 | ||||
| – December 19, 1896 | Norman Mozley | MO-14 | ||||
| – March 3, 1897 | Charles Crisp | GA-03 | ||||
| – March 3, 1899 | Thomas Bradley | NY-09 | ||||
| – March 3, 1901 | John Fitzgerald | NY-02 | ||||
| – March 3, 1903 | John Feely | IL-02 | ||||
| – March 3, 1905 | Burton French | ID-AL | ||||
| – March 3, 1907 | Anthony Michalek | IL-05 | ||||
| – March 3, 1909 | Harry Wolf | MD-03 | ||||
| – November 23, 1909 | Charles Edwards | GA-01 | ||||
| – March 3, 1911 | Manuel Quezon | PH-AL | ||||
| – June 2, 1911 | James Byrnes | SC-02 | ||||
| – March 3, 1913 | William Reyburn | PA-02 | ||||
| – December 7, 1914 | Clyde Kelly | PA-30 | ||||
| – March 3, 1915 | Carl Vinson | GA-10 | ||||
| – March 3, 1917 | Thomas Miller | DA-AL | ||||
| – August 10, 1917 | Marvin Jones | TX-13 | ||||
| – August 19, 1919 | – | John Baer | ND-01 | |||
| – December 6, 1920 | King Swope | KY-08 | ||||
| – March 3, 1921 | Clarence McLeod | MI-13 | ||||
| – March 3, 1923 | Thomas Ryan | NY-15 | ||||
| – March 3, 1925 | Clarence McLeod | MI-13 | ||||
| – March 3, 1927 | Samuel Montgomery | OK-01 | ||||
| – March 3, 1929 | George Combs | MO-05 | ||||
| – March 7, 1932 | – | Fred Hartley | NJ-08 | |||
| – March 3, 1933 | Carlton Mobley | GA-06 | ||||
| – January 3, 1935 | Joseph Monaghan | MT-01 | ||||
| – January 3, 1937 | Elmer Ryan | MN-02 | ||||
| – January 3, 1939 | Jerry O'Connell | MT-01 | ||||
| – January 3, 1941 | Lindley Beckworth | TX-03 | ||||
| – January 3, 1943 | William Stratton | IL-AL | ||||
| – January 21, 1943 | Lindley Beckworth | TX-03 | ||||
| – January 3, 1947 | – | Marion T. Bennett | MO-06 | |||
| – December 4, 1948 | George Sarbacher | PA-05 | ||||
| – January 3, 1949 | Lloyd Bentsen | TX-15 | ||||
| – January 3, 1951 | Hugo Sims | SC-02 | ||||
| – January 3, 1953 | Patrick Hillings | CA-12 | ||||
| – January 3, 1955 | William Wampler | VA-09 | ||||
| – December 13, 1955 | Kenneth Gray | IL-25 | ||||
| – January 3, 1959 | – | John Dingell | MI-15 | |||
| – January 3, 1961 | Dan Rostenkowski | IL-08 | ||||
| – January 3, 1963 | Ralph Harding | ID-02 | ||||
| – May 12, 1964 | Ed Foreman | TX-16 | ||||
| – January 3, 1965 | William Green | PA-05 | ||||
| – January 3, 1967 | Jed Johnson | OK-06 | ||||
| – April 3, 1969 | – | William Green | PA-05 | |||
| – November 16, 1970 | Dave Obey | WI-07 | ||||
| – January 3, 1971 | Robert Steele | CT-02 | ||||
| – April 29, 1971 | Dawson Mathis | GA-02 | ||||
| – October 12, 1972 | Mendel Davis | SC-01 | ||||
| – January 3, 1975 | – | John Breaux | LA-07 | |||
| – January 3, 1977 | Thomas Downey | NY-02 | ||||
| – January 3, 1979 | Nick Rahall | WV-04 | ||||
| – January 3, 1981 | James Shannon | MA-05 | ||||
| – January 3, 1983 | John LeBoutillier | NY-06 | ||||
| – January 3, 1985 | Jim Cooper | TN-04 | ||||
| – January 3, 1985 | Carl Perkins | KY-07 | ||||
| – March 20, 1990 | – | John Rowland | CT-05 | |||
| – January 3, 1991 | Susan Molinari | NY-14 | ||||
| – January 3, 1993 | Jim Nussle | IA-02 | ||||
| – January 3, 1995 | Cleo Fields | LA-04 | ||||
| – January 3, 1997 | Patrick Kennedy | RI-01 | ||||
| – January 3, 2001 | – | Harold Ford Jr. | TN-09 | |||
| – January 3, 2005 | – | Adam Putnam | FL-12 | |||
| – January 3, 2009 | – | Patrick McHenry | NC-10 | |||
| – January 3, 2013 | – | Aaron Schock | IL-18 | |||
| – January 3, 2015 | Patrick Murphy | FL-18 | ||||
| – January 3, 2019 | – | Elise Stefanik | NY-21 | |||
| – January 3, 2021 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | NY-14 | ||||
| – January 3, 2023 | Madison Cawthorn | NC-11 | ||||
| – present | – | Maxwell Frost | FL-10 | **** | ****** |
Notes
References
Sources: Congressional Biographical Directory and House Document No. 108-222, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774 – 2005
References
- Steinhauer, Jennifer. (November 11, 2010). "Many Political Newcomers Joining Congress". The New York Times.
- "America's youngest Congressman: What Maxwell Frost is most looking forward to". MSNBC.
- Thanawala, Sudhin. (January 6, 2021). "Ossoff seals Democrats' sweep; will be youngest US senator". Associated Press.
- [https://fox2now.com/2018/11/07/republican-josh-hawley-unseats-democratic-mccaskill-in-u-s-senate-battle/ Republican Josh Hawley unseats Democratic McCaskill in U.S. Senate battle]. Fox News.
- Rogers, Alex. (November 7, 2018). "Democrats to take Senate as Ossoff wins runoff, CNN projects". CNN.
- Bostock, Bill. (January 6, 2021). "Jon Ossoff is the youngest Democrat elected to the Senate since Joe Biden in 1973". Business Insider India.
- Palmer, Brian. (January 2, 2013). "Democracy or Gerontocracy: Is Congress getting older?". Slate.
- "Youngest Senator". United States Senate.
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