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List of U.S. executive branch czars

High-level officials who oversee a particular policy

High-level officials who oversee a particular policy

In the United States, the informal term "czar" (or, less often, "tsar") is employed in media and popular usage to refer to high-level executive branch officials who oversee a particular policy field. there have never been any U.S. government offices with the formal title czar. The earliest known use of the term for a U.S. government official was in the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933–1945), during which eleven unique positions (or twelve if one were to count "economic czar" and "economic czar of World War II" as distinct) were so described.

The list of those identified as czars is based on subjective judgments, as individuals or offices may be referred to with the nickname by some publications or public figures, while not by others. A more limited (though no less subjective) definition of the term would encompass only those officials appointed without Senate confirmation.

By administration

PresidentPartyIn officeNumber of
czar titlesNumber of
appointeesAppointees not
confirmed by Senate
Democratic1933–1945111918
1945–195365
Republican1953–196110
Democratic1963–196931
Republican1969–197435
1974–19772
Democratic1977–1981232
Republican1981–19891
1989–1993230
Democratic1993–20018117
Republican2001–2009334928
Democratic2009–2017385039
Republican2017–2021; 2025–present565
Democratic2021–2025474

The numbers are based upon the sortable list below, which includes further details and references.

Note that the holders of certain official positions have been referred to as "czars" for only part of the time those positions have existed. For example, there has been an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health since the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, but the phrase "mine safety czar" has been applied to the position only since the appointment of Richard Stickler to the post in 2006. Similarly, there has been a director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs since the office was created by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, but the term "regulatory czar" was not applied to the post until 2001.

List of executive branch czars

The following are executive branch officials who have been described by the media as a czar of some kind.

Czar titleOfficial titleOffice holderTenureType of appointmentAppointing administrationSenate confirmedDavid SacksAmerican Presidency Project President-Elect Barack Obama Announces Key Members of Energy and Environment Team, December 15, 2008.vacant; position approved but not filled during Bush administrationAlbanesius, Chloe President Bush Approves 'Copyright Czar' Bill, October 13, 2008.Pear, Robert.*Washington at Work; An Idealist's New Task: To Revamp Health Care* Feb 26, 1993. Solomon, Jolie. "For Magaziner, Reform Is The Road To Paradise", Newsweek, Sep 20, 1993.Office of Press Secretary. *Executive Order, Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform* , WhiteHouse.gov, Apr 8, 2009. Brown, Carrie Budoff. Obama taps DeParle as health czar, Politico, Mar 2, 2009.Goler, Wendell. Questions Raised Over Influence of Obama 'Czars', FoxNews.com, July 13, 2009.Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations: PN426, confirmed by Senate as Assoc Dir. of OSTP, May 19, 2009.J. Monroe Johnson Papers, 1894–1964 University S Carolina Libraries. United Press. "Transport Plan in Operation Eugene Register-Guard, May 24, 1946.
AI and crypto czarWhite House AI and Crypto Czar2025–presentPresident appointedDonald Trump
AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czarSpecial Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan2009–2010
AIDS czarNational AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of White House Domestic Policy Council1993–1994
Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy1993–1997
Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation1997–2000
Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy2001–2002
2002–2003
2004–2006
2009–2012
2012–2014
2014–2016
anti-poverty czar, poverty czarDirector of Office of Economic Opportunity1965–1969President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
Asian Carp czarAsian Carp Director, Council on Environmental Quality2010–UnknownCouncil on Environmental Quality selected
auto czar, car czarTreasury Advisor, Head of the Auto Task Force2009 Feb–JulSec. of Treasury appointed
Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force2009–2011President appointed
auto recovery czar, autoworker czarMember Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers2009–Unknown
bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czarUnited States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury2008–2009(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
bank bailout czar, TARP czarUnited States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability2009–2013President nominated, Senate confirmed
bioethics czarAdvisor to the President, Chairman of The President's Council on Bioethics2001–2005(New position), Exec order, President appointed
bird flu czarAssistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness2004–2006(New position), President appointed
birth control czarDeputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services2006–2007President appointed
Border czar border czarU.S. attorney and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, Department of Justice1995–1998President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative✓
Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security2009–2011Sec of Homeland Security appointed
Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator for the Southern Border2021 Jan–AprPresident appointed
Border Czar2019/2025–presentPresident appointed
budget czarDirector of the Office of Management and Budget2001–2003President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
2003–2006
2006–2007
car czarChief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council1993–2001(New position), Exec order, President appointed
czar of censorshipDirector, Office of Censorship1941–1945Exec Order, President appointed
cleanup czarSpecial Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption)1952, fired after 63 days by Attorney General (AG) for demanding records access; AG then forced to resign by President TrumanAttorney General appointed
Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup)2001–2004President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
2005–2008Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed
climate czarAssistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negotiations1997–1999President appointed
Special Envoy for Climate Change2009Sec. of State appointed
climate czar, energy czar, global warming czarAssistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change2009–2011(New position)
copyright czarIntellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator2008–2009
2009–2013(first at position)
communications czarCounselor to the President, Special counselor to the President2005–2007President appointed
compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czarSpecial Master for TARP Executive Compensation2009–2011, 2014–2016?Sec. of Treasury appointed
consumer czarSpecial Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau2010–2011(New position), President appointed
COVID-19 czarCounselor to the President of the United States2021–2022President appointed
White House COVID-19 response coordinator2022–2023
cruise czarFact-Finding Officer for the Federal Maritime Commission2020–2023President nominated, Senate confirmedDonald Trump
cyber security czar, cyber czarSpecial Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB)2001 Oct – 2003 Feb(New position), President appointed
Director, National Cybersecurity Center2008–2009(New position), Presidential directive, President appointed
Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator2009 May–Jul, Acting czarOffice created May 31, 2009.
2017–2018Donald Trump
2018
democracy czarDeputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy2005–2008President appointed
domestic czarSpecial Assistant to the President, domestic policy aide1965–1969
domestic policy czarChief Domestic Policy Coordinator, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the President, White House Deputy Chief of Staff2004–2006
domestic violence czarAdvisor to the President and the Vice President on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Issues2009Vice President appointed
drug czarHead of Drug programs, Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention1971President appointed
Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration1973–1978
Director of the White House Drug Abuse Policy (1982), Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse (1983), Member of Executive Board of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System Cabinet Level (1983), Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse Policy (1985)1982–1988(New position), Exec order, President appointed
Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy1989–1990(New position) created by Congress, President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
1991–1993President nominated, Senate confirmed
Director, National Drug Control Policy1993–1995
1996–2001
2001–2009
Director, National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed)2009–2014
Director, National Drug Control Policy2015–2017
Ebola czarEbola Response Coordinator2014–2015President appointed
e-commerce czar, e-czarExecutive Director, Electronic Commerce Working Groupurl=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18846907.htmltitle=Vice President Names Elizabeth Echols as Executive Director of Electronic Commerce Working Groupdate=August 6, 1998publisher=U.S. Newswiretitle=Echols named e-commerce czar; other Internet issues announcedurl=http://www.pnnonline.org/article.php?sid=3049publisher=PNN Onlineauthor=Shane Thackerdate=August 25, 1998title=She's Weaving Web Policy from the West Wingurl=http://www.businessweek.com/ebiz/9911/em1103.htmpublisher=Business Weekdate=November 3, 1999author=Richard S. Dunham
economic czar, economic czar of World War IIDirector, Office of Economic Stabilization1942–1943(New position), Exec order, President appointed
economic czar1943–1945President appointed
1945–1946
economic czar, big-picture economic czarChairman, Economic Recovery Advisory Board2009
energy czarDirector of the Energy Policy Office1973(New position), Exec order, President appointed
Federal Energy Office Administrator1973–1974President appointed
Administrator, Federal Energy Administration1974
Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council1974–1977
Director, Department of Energy (cabinet-level position)1977–1979(New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
ethics czar, transparency czarSpecial Counsel to the President for Ethics and Government Reform2009–2010(New position), Exec order, President appointed
White House Counsel2010–2011President appointed
faith-based czar, faith czarDirector, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives2001–2002(New position), Exec order, President appointed
2002–2006President appointed
2006–2008
faith-based czarDirector of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships2009–2013
2013–2014?
food czarFood Administrator and Secretary of Agriculture1942–1943Exec order
War Food Administrator1943
1943–1945
Chairman Citizens Food Committee1947 Sep–NovPresident appointed
food safety czarAssistant Commissioner for Food Protection2007–2008
foreign aid czarAdministrator of the US Agency for International Development (USAID)2006–2007President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
global AIDS czarCoordinator of U.S. Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally with the rank of Ambassador2003–2006(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed
Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador2006–2009President nominated, Senate confirmed
Great Lakes czarSenior Advisor to the EPA Administrator2009–2017(New position)
green-jobs czarSpecial Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise, and Innovation at the White House, Member of the White House Council on Environmental Quality2009 Apr–SepPresident appointed
Guantanamo Base closure czarUS Department of State Special Envoy2009–2013Sec. of State appointed
health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czarSenior Advisor for Policy Developmenttitle=US Report: US to spur third-world e-commerceurl=http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,2070080,00.htmdate=December 1, 1998publisher=ZDNetauthor=Maria Seminerio}}title=White House Rejects Call to Can Internet Czarurl=https://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1997/12/9398publisher=Wired Newsdate=December 29, 1997}}title=She's Weaving Web Policy from the West Wingurl=http://www.businessweek.com/ebiz/9911/em1103.htmpublisher=Business Weekdate=November 3, 1999author=Richard S. Dunham}}
health czarDirector of the White House Office of Health Reform and Counselor to the President2009–2011Exec Order
health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC)Special coordinator to respond to health effects of September 11 attacks, World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, also served as Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health2006–2008President Appointed
health IT czarNational Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)2004–2006(New position), Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS
2009–2011Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS
homeland security czarAssistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism2001–2002(New position), Exec Order, President appointed
Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security2003–2004(New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
2005–2009President nominated, Senate confirmed
homeless czar, homelessness czarExecutive Director, United States Interagency Council on Homelessness2002–2008President appointed
housing czarHousing Expediter in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion1945–1946(New position), President appointed
human trafficking czarSpecial Advisor in the Office of Domestic Policy Council2020
Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, Hurricane Katrina recovery czarFederal Coordinator of Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort2005–2008President appointed
inflation czar, anti-inflation czarSpecial Trade Representative, Chief U.S. trade negotiator1978
inflation czarAdvisor to the President, Chairman Council on Wage and Price Stability1977–1980
czar of informationDirector, Office of War Information1942–1945Exec Order, President appointed
information czar, Infotech CzarChief Information Officer at the White House2009–2011(New position), created by statute, President appointed
2011–2014created by statute, President appointed
intelligence czarDirector of National Intelligence2005–2007(New position), Congress mandated, President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
2007–2009President nominated, Senate confirmed
2009–2010
2010–2017
Iran czarSpecial Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia (which includes Iran)2009–2011President appointed
czar of Latin American affairsAssistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs1964–1965President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
manpower czarDirector, War Manpower Commission1942–1945Exec order
manufacturing czarAssistant Secretary for manufacturing and services, U.S. Commerce Department2004–2007(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services2007–2008President nominated, Senate confirmed
Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy2009–2011President appointed
Middle East czarSpecial Envoy for Middle East PeaceSec. of State appointed
mine safety czarAssistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health2006–2008Recess appointment—2 prior presidential nominations were rejected by the Senate
missile czarAssistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development1954–1956Sec. of Defense appointed, Senate confirmed✓
mobilization czar, civilian economy czarDirector, Office of Defense Mobilization1950–1952(New position), Exec order
oil czarPetroleum Coordinator for National Defense, Secretary of the Interior1941–1946President nominated, Senate confirmed as Sec. of Interior✓
pardon czarPardon Czar2025–presentPresident appointedDonald Trump
patronage czarPostmaster General Post Office Department, Cabinet-level position1945–1947President nominated, Senate confirmed
performance czarUnited States Chief Performance Officer and Deputy Director for Management at the Office of Management and Budget2009–2013
policy czarAssistant to the President for Policy and Strategic Planning2005–2006President appointed
price czarAdministrator, Office of Price Administration1941–1942(New position), Exec order, President appointed
1942–1943President appointed
1943–1946
Chairman of the Price Commission1971(New position), President appointed
production czarDirector, War Production Board1942–1944(New position), Exec order, President appointed
1944–1945President appointed
public diplomacy czarSpecial advisor to the President, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs2005–2007President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy2008–2009
reading czarPresident's Advisor on Reading First Initiative, Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education2001–2005President appointed
reconversion czarDirector of War Mobilization and Reconversion1945–1946
regulatory czarDirector of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget2001–2006President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
2006–2009Recess appointment, nominee did not receive a Senate vote
2009–2012President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
rubber czarRubber Director1942–1943(New position), Exec order, appointed by Chairman of War Production Board
savings & loan czarDirector, Office of Thrift Supervision1990–1997President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
science czarScience Advisor to the President, Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy2001 Oct – 2009 Jan
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy2009–2017
shipping czarAdministrator, War Shipping Administration1942–1946Exec order
stimulus accountability, stimulus oversightChairman, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board2009(New position), created by statute, President appointed
technology czar, chief technology czarAssociate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Assistant to the President2009–2012President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czarNational coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, member of National Security Council, cabinet-level position1998–2001President appointed
terrorism czarNational coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, cabinet level rank removed2001 Jan–Oct(Held over from prior administration) President Clinton appointed
terrorism czar, counterterrorism czarNational Director for Combating Terrorism, Deputy National Security Advisor2001 Nov – 2002 Jun(New position), President appointed
terrorism czarAssistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism2009President appointed
trade czarSenior Policy Advisor in the White House on behalf of the United States Trade Representative.2012Appointed by USTR Michael Froman in 2012 She also represents the USTR on the President's Council on Women and Girls.
transportation czarDirector, Office of Defense Transportation1941–1944(New position), Exec order, President appointed
1944–1949President appointed
urban affairs czarDirector of the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy2009–2010Exec Order, President appointed
war czarAssistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan2007–2009(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed✓
2009–2010?(Held over from prior administration) President Bush nominated, Senate confirmed
weapons czarUnder Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L)2009President nominated, Senate confirmed
weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czarSpecial Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Proliferation, and Terrorism2009–2013President appointed
weatherization czarProgram Manager, Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)2008–UnknownCareer incumbent, retained from George W. Bush administration

Notes

References

References

  1. Shoop, Tom. (2023-01-30). "That Time the Federal Government Was Ruled By Czars". Government Executive.
  2. House, The White. (2025-03-07). "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Establishes the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile". The White House.
  3. James, Randy. (2009-09-23). "A Brief History of White House Czars".
  4. (July 1, 2025). "Annual Report to Congress on White House Office Personnel".
  5. (2025-01-24). "Remarks by President Trump at Executive Order Signing".
  6. [[Morton Kondracke. Barack. Obama. [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/presdocs/2009/DCPD-200900196.htm "Remarks on US Military and Diplomatic Strategies for Afghanistan and Pakistan"] {{Webarchive. link. (2009-08-10 , ''US Govt Printing Office'', Mar 27, 2009.)
  7. Jehl, Douglas.[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/25/us/ex-washington-state-official-to-get-aids-post.html "Ex-Washington State Official to Get AIDS Post"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', Jun 25, 1993. Hunter, Elizabeth. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3942/is_200109/ai_n8961511/ "Kristine M. Gebbie, former AIDS czar"] {{webarchive. link. (2009-03-15 , ''The Lutheran'', Sep 2001.)
  8. [[Philip J. Hilts
  9. Staff biography, [http://clinton2.nara.gov/ONAP/thurman.html "Sandra Thurman"] {{Webarchive. link. (2001-05-13 , ''Office of National AIDS Policy'', Apr 1997. ''American Presidency Project'', [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=48081&st=sandra+thurman&st1= Press briefing, presidential envoy for AIDS cooperation], Aug 27, 2000.)
  10. Office of Press Secretary. [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/04/20010409-5.html "President Bush Announces Evertz to be the Director of the Office National AIDS Policy"],''GeorgeWBushWhiteHouse.gov'' Apr 9, 2001. Lochead, Carolyn.[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2002/07/19/MN156731.DTL&type=health "Bush's AIDS czar departing for post with global focus"], ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', Jul 19, 2002
  11. Office of Press Secretary.[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/07/20020719-2.html "President Bush Announced Dr. Joseph O'Neill to be Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy "], ''GeorgeWBushWhiteHouse.gov'', Jul 19, 2002. [http://www.aegis.com/News/WB/2006/WB060908.html "'AIDS czar' position unfilled since February"] {{Webarchive. link. (2009-09-09 , ''[[Washington Blade]]'', Sep 15, 2006)
  12. [[Lou Chibbaro Jr.. Chibbaro, Lou Jr.]] [http://www.aegis.com/News/WB/2006/WB060908.html "White House mum on AIDS director post: 'AIDS czar' position unfilled since February"] {{Webarchive. link. (2009-09-09 , ''Washington Blade'', Sep 15, 2006 Retrieved 2009-08-30.)
  13. Office of the Press Secretary.[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Selects-Health-Policy-Expert-to-Head-Office-of-National-AIDS-Polic/ "President Obama Selects Health Policy Expert to Head Office of National AIDS Policy"] {{webarchive. link. (2010-04-11 , "WhiteHouse.gov", Feb 26, 2009. [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-37980267_ITM 'The activists' wish list, the new AIDS czar, Jeffrey Crowley"], ''Advocate'', May 1, 2009.)
  14. "LA Times".
  15. Steinmetz, Katy. "White House AIDS Czar Steps Down".
  16. [[Evans and Novak]]. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IVYQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=903%2C2173651 "Numerous Pitfalls Face Move to Fight Poverty"], ''The Free Lance Star'', Oct 25, 1965. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080408110024/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901827,00.html "Poverty and now justice"], ''Time'', May 6, 1966. [http://openjurist.org/482/f2d/669/williams-v-j-phillips "Williams v. Phillips], US Ct of Appeals, DC Cir, 1973.
  17. [[Evans and Novak]]. [http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2010/09/us-names-asian-carp-czar.html "U.S. names Asian Carp Czar"], ''[[Chicago Tribune]]/WGN'', Sept. 8, 2010.
  18. AFP. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090225154846/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hz6DcaKZzeeP0F-WrAwZvGhGUUqw "Rattner tapped as Treasury's advisor for US auto sector"], Feb 23, 2009. Thomas, Ken, A.P. [http://www.salon.com/wires/ap/2009/02/23/D96HI3G04_auto_bailout/print.html "Rattner to advise Treasury on auto industry"] salon.com, Feb 23, 2009. King, Neil, Jr. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124751573500734529 "Auto czar quits post six months into the job"], ''Wall St. Journal'', Jul 14, 2009.
  19. Allen, Mike. [https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/obama-parks-car-czar-plan-018891 "Obama parks 'car czar' plan"] ''Politico'', Feb 16, 2009. [[Carrie Budoff Brown. Brown, Carrie Budoff]]. [https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/car-czar-decision-has-critics-revved-up-018926 "Car czar decision has critics revved up"], Politico, Feb 17, 2009.
  20. AP.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090903044707/http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2009/05/ed_montgomery_auto_recovery_cz.html "Ed Montgomery, auto recovery czar, asked to help auto suppliers"],''Cleveland Plain Dealer'', May 26, 2009 "Archived by WebCite. [http://www.newsdesk.umd.edu/sociss/release.cfm?ArticleID=1851 "Univ of MD Dean Appointed"], Mar 30, 2009. Luhby, Tami.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090408032238/http://money.cnn.com/2009/03/30/news/economy/recovery_director/index.htm "Obama taps czar to help autoworkers"],''CNN'', Mar 30, 2009, "Archived by WebCite".
  21. [[Rob Kall. Kall, Rob]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090514035413/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rob-kall/meet-the-700-billion-bail_b_132221.html "Meet the $700 Billion Bailout Czar, Neel Kashkari"],''Huffington Post'', Sep 6, 2008, Archived by WebCite. Horowitz, Jed. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090511193110/http://www.investmentnews.com/article/20081110/REG/811109991 "TARP Czar: AIG bailout isn't start of larger program"], ''Investment News'', Nov 10, 2008, "Archived by WebCite". ''Thomas LOC'' Presidential Nominations. PN1044-110, nominated Nov 15, 2007, confirmed Jun 27, 2008.
  22. Andres, Gary and Griffin, Patrick [https://www.politico.com/story/2009/04/using-czars-in-wh-to-focus-on-policy-021720 "Using czars in W.H. to focus on policy"], ''Politico'', Apr 27, 2009. Press office. [http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/tg178.htm "Herbert M. Allison, Jr. Confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Financial Stability"] {{webarchive. link. (2009-07-15 , ''[[U.S. Department of Treasury]]'', Jun 19, 2009. ''Thomas LOC'' Presidential Nominations. PN390-111, confirmed Jun 19, 2009.)
  23. [[Nick Gillespi. Gillespie, Nick]]. [http://www.slate.com/id/2060902/ "Leon Kass' bioethics homework assignment"], [[Slate Magazine]], Jan 18, 2002. Allen, Arthur. [http://dir.salon.com/mwt/feature/2001/11/30/bioethics/print.html "The bioethics czar's new right-hand man is passionately opposed to abortion, public schools, federal taxes and Democrats"] {{Webarchive. link. (2009-09-08, ''Salon.com'', Nov 30, 2001. Weiss, Rick. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801921.html "Bioethics Council Head to Step Down"],''Washington Post'', Sep 9, 2005.)
  24. Lovley, Erika. [https://www.politico.com/story/2008/10/czar-n-an-insult-a-problem-solver-014751 "Czar (n): An insult; a problem-solver"], ''Politico'', Oct 21, 2008, ''archived by WebCite''. Office of Press Secretary [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040408-2.html "Personnel Announcement "], Apr 8, 2004.
  25. Schaeffer, Amanda. [http://www.slate.com/id/2154249/ "The Family Un-Planner, The Bush administration's crazy new HHS appointment"], ''[[Slate Magazine]]'', Nov 21, 2006. Lloyd, Carol. [http://www.salon.com/mwt/broadsheet/2007/05/31/birth_control/print.html "Pharmacy protects women from contraception."], ''Salon.com'', May 31, 2007. Estes, Andrea.[http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/04/07/doctor_who_quit_us_post_was_warned_by_state "Doctor who quit US post was warned by state"], ''Boston Globe'', Apr 7, 2007.
  26. Ellingwood, Ken. [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-28-mn-64534-story.html "'Border Czar' Ends a Highly Visible Reign"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', Jun 28, 1998.
  27. [https://www.dhs.gov/ynews/releases/pr_1239820176123.shtm "Secretary Napolitano Appoints Alan Bersin"], ''U.S. Department of Homeland Security'', Apr 15, 2009. Dibble, Sandra. [http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/apr/16/1n16bersin235118-bersin-focus-violence-2nd-tour-bo/ "Bersin to focus on violence in 2nd tour as border czar"], ''[[Union-Tribune]]'', Apr 16, 2009. Not a new position, no Senate confirmation required. ''2008 Plum Book'', p. 79, ''GPOAccess.gov''.
  28. (2021-04-09). "White House Border Coordinator to Step Down". The New York Times.
  29. (July 1, 2025). "Annual Report to Congress on White House Office Personnel".
  30. (2019-06-14). "Trump Appoints a Loyalist as 'Border Czar' in Latest Immigration Reshuffle". The New York Times.
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