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List of tsunamis in Europe

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List of tsunamis in Europe

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The following is a list of notable tsunamis in Europe.

The aftermath of the Messina earthquake and tsunami on December 28, 1908

Causes

Most of the tsunamis that have occurred within Europe have happened in the Mediterranean Sea because in the Mediterranean Sea there are earthquakes, submarine landslide and volcanoes. Most of the earthquakes occur on the Eurasian plate but earthquakes and submarine landslide also occur in western Europe like France, Norway and the United Kingdom which have been struck by tsunamis.

Tsunamis

DateCountryDeadCauseNotes
~6225-6170 BCUnited Kingdom Scotland, United KingdomUnknownUnderwater landslideStoregga Slide, Norway
6000 BCItaly Sicily, ItalyUnknownVolcanic eruption
3500 BCUnited Kingdom Northern IslesManyTsunamilast1=Bondevikfirst1=Steinlast2=Mangerudfirst2=Janlast3=Dawsonfirst3=Suelast4=Dawsonfirst4=Alastairlast5=Lohnefirst5=Øysteintitle=Evidence for three North Sea tsunamis at the Shetland Islands between 8000 and 1500 years agojournal=Quaternary Science Reviewsdate=1 August 2005volume=24issue=14pages=1757–1775doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.018bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1757Burl=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105000739language=enissn=0277-3791hdl=1956/735hdl-access=freeurl-access=subscription }}
1410 BCGreece Santorini, GreeceUnknownVolcanic eruptionlast=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Informationtitle=Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Greeceurl=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-data?country=GREECEaccess-date=13 October 2024doi=10.7289/V5PN93H7}}
426 BCGreece Gulf of Euboea, GreeceUnknownEarthquake426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami
373 BCGreece Helike, GreeceUnknownEarthquakeAn earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city Helike, lying 2 km away from the sea. The fate of the city, which remained permanently submerged, was often commented upon by ancient writers and may have inspired Plato when writing his story of Atlantis in Timaeus and Critias.
227 BCGreece Dodecanese, GreeceUnknownEarthquake226 BC Rhodes earthquake
210 BCPortugal Gulf of Cádiz, PortugalUnknownEarthquakelast=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Informationtitle=Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Portugalurl=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-data?country=PORTUGALaccess-date=13 October 2024doi=10.7289/V5PN93H7}}
79 ADItaly Gulf of Naples, ItalyUnknownVolcanic eruptionA smaller tsunami was witnessed in the Bay of Naples by Pliny the Younger during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
21 July 365Greece Crete, GreeceThousands8.0 earthquake365 Crete earthquake
7 July 551Greece Menidi, Aetolia-Acarnania, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
15 August 554Greece Kos, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
24 October 842United Kingdom Channel Islands United KingdomUnknownEarthquakelast=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Informationtitle=Tsunami Events Search Results Country=UKurl=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-data?country=UKaccess-date=13 October 2024doi=10.7289/V5PN93H7}}
1050Greece Santorini, GreeceUnknownVolcanic eruption
11 November 1099UK Cornwall, United Kingdom,UnknownUnknown
1 October 1134UK Netherlands North Sea, United Kingdom, NetherlandsUnknownUnknown
4 February 1169Italy Strait of Messina, Italy,UnknownEarthquake
11 May 1222Cyprus CyprusUnknownEarthquake
8 August 1303Greece Crete, GreeceThousands8.0 earthquake1303 Crete earthquake
25 November 1343Italy Tyrrhenian Sea, ItalyLoss of lives recorded unknown number.Earthquake
5 December 1456Italy Province of Benevento, Italy30,000–70,000EarthquakeLargest earthquake to strike Italy.
3 May 1481Greece Rhodes, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
6 April 1580UK Strait of Dover, United Kingdom120Earthquake/Underwater landslideThe 5.9 earthquake caused freak waves in the Strait of Dover which were observed in England and France.
30 January 1607UK Bristol Channel, United Kingdom2,000disputed tsunami caused by earthquake off Ireland
27 March 1638Italy Sicily, Italy9,581–30,000Earthquake
6 April 1667Croatia Adriatic Sea, CroatiaUnknownEarthquakeThe tsunami struck the city of Dubrovnik.
9 October 1680Spain Alboran Sea, SpainUnknownUnknown
11 January 1693Italy Italy1000Earthquake
1693Iceland IcelandUnknownVolcanic earthquake
21 February 1723Greece Lefkada, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
20 February 1743Italy Apulia, Italy180–300Earthquake
14 May 1748Greece Gulf of Patras, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
7 July 1757UK Isles of Scilly, United KingdomUnknownEarthquake
21 January 1760Denmark Germany Baltic Sea, Denmark, GermanyUnknownUnderwater landslide
5 September 1767Republic of Ireland Dublin Republic of IrelandUnknownUnknown
February 5, February 6, February 7, March 1, March 28, 1783Italy Calabria, Italy50,000Earthquakes
1 November 1755Portugal Lisbon, Portugal10,000Earthquake
31 March 1761Portugal Lisbon, PortugalUnknownEarthquakeModerate tsunami observed in Cornwall and Barbados.
18 September 1763UK Weymouth, Dorset, United KingdomUnknownUnknown
2 April 1808Italy Coast, ItalyUnknownEarthquakeurl=http://www.senat.fr/opecst/english_report_tsunami/english_report_tsunami25.htmltitle=Evaluating and preventing the tsunami risk for France's metropolitan and overseas coasts – Sénataccessdate=24 January 2016}}
23 August 1817Greece Gulf of Corinth, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
29 December 1820Greece Zakynthos, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
5 July 1843United KingdomCornwall, United KingdomUnknownUnknown
12 October 1856Greece Crete, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
19 September 1867Greece Ionian Sea Greece12Earthquake
3 April 1881Greece Chios, Greece7,866Earthquake
27 August 1886Greece Ionian Sea, GreeceUnknownEarthquake
23 February 1887France Ligurian Sea, FranceUnknownEarthquake
14 June 1893Albania Adriatic Sea, AlbaniaUnknown7.5 earthquake
31 March 1901Bulgaria Black Sea, Bulgaria07.2 earthquake
16 January 1905Norway Loen, Norway61Landslidelast=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Informationtitle=Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Norwayurl=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-data?country=NORWAYaccess-date=13 October 2024doi=10.7289/V5PN93H7}}
8 September 1905Italy Calabria, Italy557Earthquake
28 December 1908Italy Messina, Italy80,0007.1 earthquake
11 September 1930Italy Italy2Earthquake
26 September 1932Greece Ierissos, Greece491Earthquake1932 Ierissos earthquake
7 April 1934Norway Tafjord Norway40
Landslide
13 September 1936Norway Loen, Norway74Landslide
September 10, 1953Cyprus Paphos, Cyprus40Earthquake
9 July 1956Greece Aegean Islands Greece3Earthquake
9 July 1956Greece Dodecanese Greece56Earthquake
9 October 1963Italy Monte Toc, Italy1,450Landslide
28 February 1969Portugal Portugal0Earthquake
21 June 1978Croatia Vela Luka, Croatia0Meteorologic
16 October 1979France Nice, France8-23Landslide and underwater landslide
1 January 1980Portugal Azores, Portugal0Earthquake
13 December 1990Italy Italy6Earthquake
30 December 2002Italy Stromboli, Italy0Landslide
21 May 2003Spain Balearic islands, Spain0Earthquakelast=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Informationtitle=Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Algeriaurl=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-data?country=ALGERIAaccess-date=13 October 2024doi=10.7289/V5PN93H7}}
29 June 2011UK Cornwall, United Kingdom0Underwater landslidelast=Bowaterfirst=Donnaurl=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/8605946/Landslide-causes-tsunamis-off-the-coast-of-Cornwall.htmlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702023309/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/8605946/Landslide-causes-tsunamis-off-the-coast-of-Cornwall.htmlurl-status=deadarchive-date=July 2, 2011title=Landslide causes tsunamis off the coast of Cornwallwork=The Daily Telegraphdate= 29 June 2011accessdate=2011-09-19location=London}}
30 October 2020Greece Aegean Islands, Greece1EarthquakeA magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck off the coast of Turkey, producing a 2.2 meter-high tsunami that would later strike the coast of Turkey, and the Aegean Islands, including Ikaria, Kos, Chios, and Samos.

References

References

  1. (1 August 2005). "Evidence for three North Sea tsunamis at the Shetland Islands between 8000 and 1500 years ago". Quaternary Science Reviews.
  2. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Greece".
  3. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Portugal".
  4. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Italy".
  5. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=UK".
  6. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Location=North Sea".
  7. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Croatia".
  8. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Spain".
  9. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Iceland".
  10. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Germany".
  11. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Ireland".
  12. "Evaluating and preventing the tsunami risk for France's metropolitan and overseas coasts – Sénat".
  13. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Albania".
  14. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Bulgaria".
  15. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Norway".
  16. "Riješena zagonetka plimnog vala koji je pogodio Vela Luku 1978. godine". Dubrovački vjesnik.
  17. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=France".
  18. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Algeria".
  19. "Tsunamis in Spain".
  20. Bowater, Donna. (29 June 2011). "Landslide causes tsunamis off the coast of Cornwall". The Daily Telegraph.
  21. (2011-06-30). "Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | UK News :: Tsunami waves hit UK coastline". Daily Express.
  22. (2011-06-30). "South coast hit by tsunami after ocean landslide". Daily Mirror.
  23. (12 Nov 2020). "Serious tsunami hits Greece and Turkey after 7.0 earthquake". UNESCO.
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