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List of tropical cyclones near the Equator

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List of tropical cyclones near the Equator
Summary

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[[Tropical Storm Vamei]] near the equator in December 2001

Typically, tropical cyclones form at least 5.0 degrees of latitude north and south of the equator, or at least 300 nautical miles (556 km, 345 mi) from the equator. Within 5 degrees of the equator, tropical cyclogenesis is uncommon despite the presence of sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures and generally low wind shear, as a result of the lack of a strong Coriolis force, which causes cyclones to spin. On rare occasions, tropical cyclones can develop within 5° of the equator, most commonly in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Background

Various factors converge to produce a tropical cyclone, including sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear, ample moisture, and enough atmospheric instability to produce thunderstorms. In addition, for a tropical disturbance to develop into a tropical cyclone, it typically needs to be far enough away from the equator, where there is sufficient vorticity for the weather system to spin. This is because the vorticity generated by the Earth's rotation through the Coriolis force (called planetary vorticity) is zero at the equator and increases toward the poles. This lack of planetary vorticity can be overcome if there is sufficient relative vorticity produced via other means. One such phenomenon that can contribute to the development of low-latitude tropical cyclones is the equatorial westerly wind burst, which generates sufficient shear vorticity on both sides of the equator to support tropical cyclogenesis. Westerly wind bursts are most common in the equatorial Western Pacific Ocean.

List

Note: Only systems that were of tropical depression strength or higher within 5.0 degrees of the equator are included.

Satellite image of [[Cyclone Agni]] in October 2004 in its formative stage near the equator
StormYearPeak classificationBasinMinimumLatitudeRef(s)
Tropical Storm Vamei2001TS}}Northwestern Pacific1.4°Ntitle=2001 VAMEI (2001361N01106)url=publisher=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)accessdate=19 May 2017}}
Cyclone Agni2004SCS}}North Indian1.5°Ntitle=Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2004publisher=India Meteorological Departmentdate=January 2005accessdate=2015-05-24url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/2004.pdf}}
Typhoon Sarah1956TY}}Northwestern Pacific1.7°Ntitle=1956 01W:SARAH (1956081N02154)url=publisher=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)accessdate=19 May 2017}}
Typhoon Alice1979VSTY}}Northwestern Pacific2.0°Ntitle=1979 ALICE (1978361N02180)url=publisher=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)accessdate=19 May 2017}}
Tropical Storm Peipah2014TS}}Northwestern Pacific2.0°Ntitle=2014 PEIPAH (2014093N02148)url=publisher=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)accessdate=19 May 2017}}
Tropical Depression2023TD}}Northwestern Pacific2.0°N
Tropical Depression Nine-C2015TD}}Northeastern Pacific2.2°Nurl=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/CP092015_Nine-C.pdftitle=TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - TROPICAL DEPRESSION NINE-Cwork=Central Pacific Hurricane Centerdate=22 December 2016accessdate=25 March 2024archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325033121/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/CP092015_Nine-C.pdfarchive-date=25 March 2024url-status=dead}}
Tropical Storm Patsy1977STS}}Northwestern Pacific2.5°Ntitle=1977 PATSY (1977082N03165)url=publisher=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)accessdate=19 May 2017}}
Tropical Storm Abaimba2003MTS}}South-West Indian Ocean2.5°S
Hurricane Pali20162}}Northeastern Pacific2.6°Nurl=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/CP012016_Pali.pdftitle=TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - HURRICANE PALIwork=Central Pacific Hurricane Centerdate=13 December 2018accessdate=26 January 2019archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126220802/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2016/Final-CP012016_Pali.pdfarchive-date=26 January 2019url-status=dead}}
Cyclone Fani2019ESCS}}North Indian2.7°Ntitle=Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm "FANI" over eastcentral equatorial Indian Ocean and adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal (26 April – 04 May, 2019): Summaryurl=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/60/60_a53fa0_fani.pdfpublisher=India Meteorological Departmentaccessdate=May 17, 2024}}
Cyclone Fabien2023ITC}}South-West Indian Ocean2.7°Stitle=Best Track Data on Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien (10)url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/saisons_archivees/20222023/2022RE10.htmlpublisher=Météo-Franceaccess-date=25 March 2024 }}
Typhoon Harriet1959TY}}Northwestern Pacific2.9°Ntitle=1959 HARRIET (1959356N05152)url=publisher=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)accessdate=19 May 2017}}
Cyclone Ialy2024cat2}}South-West Indian Ocean3.0°S
Cyclone Senyar2025CS}}"North Indian and Northwestern Pacific3.0°N
Tropical Storm Sonamu2013STS}}Northwestern Pacific3.2°N
Typhoon Bopha2012VSTY}}Northwestern Pacific3.4°N
Unnamed Cyclonic Storm2002svrcyclstorm}}North Indian4.0°N
Tropical Storm Shanshan2013TS}}Northwestern Pacific4.2°N
Typhoon Kate1970TY}}Northwestern Pacific4.3°N
Severe Tropical Storm Axel1992STS}}Northwestern Pacific4.4°N
Hurricane Ekeka1992cat3}}Northeastern and Northwestern Pacific4.5°N
Cyclone Bernie1982Fiji4}}Australian region4.8°S
Deep Depression BOB 012026DD}}North Indian4.8°N
Flores cyclone1973Fiji3}}Australian region5.0°S
Cyclonic Storm Hibaru2005CS}}North Indian5.0°N
Deep Depression ARB 012006DD}}North Indian5.0°N
Tropical Storm Fengshen2025STS}}Northwestern Pacific5.0°N

References

References

  1. "Breaking the Typhoon Rules". Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  2. (September 8, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Introduction". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  3. "Tropical Cyclone Introduction". National Weather Service.
  4. "Why do Tropical Cyclones always Form more than 5 degrees of Latitude away from the Equator?". Hong Kong Observatory.
  5. (October 10, 2018). "Linkage Between Westerly Wind Bursts and Tropical Cyclones". American Geophysical Union.
  6. (January 13, 2021). "Generation of westerly wind bursts by forcing outside the tropics". Nature.com.
  7. ["2001 VAMEI (2001361N01106)"]({{IBTRACS url). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  8. (January 2005). "Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2004". India Meteorological Department.
  9. ["1956 01W:SARAH (1956081N02154)"]({{IBTRACS url). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  10. ["1979 ALICE (1978361N02180)"]({{IBTRACS url). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  11. ["2014 PEIPAH (2014093N02148)"]({{IBTRACS url). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  12. (4 March 2023). "WWJP27 RJTD 040600". Japan Meteorological Agency.
  13. (22 December 2016). "TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - TROPICAL DEPRESSION NINE-C". Central Pacific Hurricane Center.
  14. ["1977 PATSY (1977082N03165)"]({{IBTRACS url). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  15. ["2002 Moderate Tropical Storm Abaimba (2002247S03067)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
  16. (13 December 2018). "TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - HURRICANE PALI". Central Pacific Hurricane Center.
  17. "Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm "FANI" over eastcentral equatorial Indian Ocean and adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal (26 April – 04 May, 2019): Summary". India Meteorological Department.
  18. "Best Track Data on Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien (10)". [[Météo-France]].
  19. ["1959 HARRIET (1959356N05152)"]({{IBTRACS url). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  20. "Best Track Data of Tropical Cyclone Ialy (11)". Meteo-France La Réunion.
  21. (27 November 2025). "WWJP27 RJTD 271200". [[Japan Meteorological Agency]].
  22. "Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2013". Japan Meteorological Agency.
  23. "Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2012". Japan Meteorological Agency.
  24. "WMO / ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Annual Review 2002". World Meteorological Organization.
  25. "Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2013". Japan Meteorological Agency.
  26. ["1970 Super Typhoon Kate (1970286N06143)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
  27. ["1992 Typhoon Axel (1992003N03176)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
  28. "Tropical Cyclones 1992". Central Pacific Hurricane Center.
  29. ["1982 Severe Tropical Cyclone Bernie (1982091S03159)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
  30. "OBSERVED AND FORECAST TRACK OF DEPRESSION OVER SOUTHEAST BAY OF BENGAL AND ADJOINING EAST EQUATORIAL INDIAN OCEAN BASED ON 0300 UTC (0830 Hrs. IST) OF 7TH JANUARY 2025". Indian Meteorological Department.
  31. ["1973 Severe Tropical Cyclone FLORESCYCLO (1973116S05131)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
  32. (2006). "Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2005". India Meteorological Department.
  33. (2007). "Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2006". India Meteorological Department.
  34. (October 12, 2025). "Warning and Summary 121800". Japan Meteorological Agency.
Wikipedia Source

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