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List of textile fibres

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Textile fibres or textile fibers (see spelling differences) can be created from many natural sources (animal hair or fur, cocoons as with silk worm cocoons), as well as semisynthetic methods that use naturally occurring polymers, and synthetic methods that use polymer-based materials, and even minerals such as metals to make foils and wires. The consumer protection laws requires that fibre content be provided on content labels. Common textile fibres used in global fashion today include:

Animal-based fibres

FibreSourceAttribute
AlpacaAlpacaSoft, warmth, lightweight
Angora woolAngora rabbitSoftness, blends well with other fibres
AzlonSyntheticSoft, silky, hygroscopic, also known as Aralac
ByssusPinna nobilisWarmth, lightweight
Camel hairArabian ña / Guanaco / South America camelid varietiesSoftness, warmth
Cashmere woolIndian cashmere goatSoftness
ChiengoraDogFluffy, lightweight
LambswoolSheepSoftness, elasticity, warmth
LlamaLlamaLightweight, insulating
Mohair woolAngora goatDyes well, lightweight
QiviutMuskoxenSoftness, warmth
RabbitRabbitsSoftness
SilkSilk worm (Bombyx mori)Smooth, strong fabric finish with high shine
Eri silkSilk worm (Samia cynthia)Smooth, strong fabric finish with high shine
Spider silkGolden Orb-weaver Spider (Nephila inaurata madagascariensis); transgenic silk worm; transgenic yeastUltra-strong, golden, smooth fabric finish with high shine
VicuñaVicuñaExpensive, luxurious, soft
WoolSheepWarmth
Yak fiberWild YakHeavy, warmth

Plant-based fibres (cellulosic fibres)

FibreSourceAttribute
AbacáAbaca plantThin, lightweight
AcetateWood PulpLustrous, thermoplastic
BambooGrass pulpLightweight, pliable fibre
BananaBanana plant pseudostem/leavesWarm, thick, durable
KapokPentandra treeFluffy, soft and lightweight
CoirCoconutStrength, durability
CottonShrubLightweight, absorbent
FlaxHerbaceous plantLightweight, absorbent, used to make linen
HempCannabisStrength, durability
JuteVegetable plant in linden familyStrength, durability
KenafHibiscus cannabinusRough
LyocellEucalyptus TreeSoft, lightweight, absorbent
ModalBeech treeSoftness, lightweight
PiñaPineapple leafSoft, lightweight
RaffiaRaffia palmCarpet/rough
RamieFlowering plant in nettle familyHeavy, tough
RayonWood PulpSoft, lightweight, absorbent
SisalAgave sisalanaStrength, durability
Soy proteinTofu-manufacturing wasteWooly, lightweight

Other plant-based fibers:

  • Bast fibre
  • Cedar bark textile
  • Esparto
  • Fique
  • Papyrus
  • Straw

Mineral-based fibres

FibreSourceAttribute
Asbestos ClothasbestosFire-resistance, light weight, carcinogenic
Glass, FibreglassMixed silicatesFire-resistance, futuristic appearance in some Foil, fibres, wire
  • Basalt fiber
  • Copper
  • Gold
  • Steel

Synthetic fibres

FibreSourceAttribute
AcrylicPetroleum ProductsLightweight, warm, dries quickly
KevlarAramidsVery strong
ModacrylicPetroleum ProductsLightweight, warm, dries quickly
NomexAramidsChemical, electrical, and flame resistant
NylonPetroleum ProductsDurable, strong, lightweight, dries quickly
PolyesterPetroleum ProductsDurable, strong, lightweight, dries quickly
SpandexPetroleum ProductsElastic, strong, lightweight
RayonRegenerated celluloseWeak when wet

References

References

  1. Calderin, Jay. (2009). "Form, Fit, Fashion". Rockport.
  2. "BBC GCSE Bitesize: Types of Fibre". BBC.
  3. "FiberSource: The Manufactured Fiber Industry". FiberSource.
  4. "List of all existing fibers".
Info: Wikipedia Source

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