List of seasonal influenza vaccines

AstraZeneca

Fluenz, Flumist and their quadrivalent formulations are nasal attenuated vaccines by AstraZeneca.

• Fluenz
• Fluenz Tetra
• Flumist
• Flumist Quadrivalent

GlaxoSmithKline

Fluarix, Flulaval and their quadrivalent formulations are split virus inactivated vaccines by GlaxoSmithKline.

• Fluarix
• Flulaval
• Fluarix Tetra

Mylan/Viatris

Influvac and its quadrivalent formulation are surface antigen subunit vaccines marketed by Mylan.

• Influvac
• Influvac Tetra

They contain inactivated purified surface fragments (subunits) from the three different strains of the influenza virus (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and Influenza B virus) that are selected and distributed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of their latest recommendations. Previously, they were produced and marketed by Abbott Laboratories

In February 2010, Abbott acquired the vaccines subunit from Solvay Pharmaceuticals included in its $6.2 billion purchase and the subunit influenza vaccine — Influvac has been commercially available on the market since the early nineteen-eighties. With the acquisition of Solvay, Abbott retained access to the Eastern European, Middle Eastern & Latin American markets. Approximately $850 million of sales revenue from vaccines was reported by Solvay Pharmaceuticals in 2009.

In February 2015, Mylan Laboratories completed the deal with Abbott to purchase Abbott's generic drugs business in developed markets, which includes Influvac.

In some countries, Influvac is marketed by Viatris after Upjohn merged with Mylan to create Viatris.

Novartis

• Optaflu was a trivalent surface antigen inactivated vaccine, the first flu vaccine made in mammalian cell cultures rather than chicken eggs, manufactured by Novartis.

In April 2007, Novartis received a positive opinion supporting European Union approval of Optaflu. In 2014, Novartis' flu vaccine unit was sold to CSL Limited, and placed under CSL subsidiary, bioCSL (Seqirus) as marketing authorization holder. In 2017, bioCSL decided to discontinue the usage of the Optaflu brand for commercial reasons.

Sanofi-Aventis

Vaxigrip Tetra and Fluquadri are quadrivalent split virus inactivated vaccines by Sanofi-Aventis.

• Vaxigrip Tetra
• Fluquadri

Sanofi Pasteur

Sanofi Pasteur produces the following vaccines:

• Fluzone
• Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra
• Flublok

Fluzone

Fluzone and its quadrivalent formulation are split virus inactivated vaccines distributed by Sanofi Pasteur mainly in the United States.

Dosage and storage

Fluzone is typically administered in a single dose by intramuscular injection; an intradermal injection is also available. It is presented as a 0.25 ml syringe for pediatric use, as a 0.5 ml syringe for adults and children, as a 0.5 ml vial for adults and children, and as a 5 ml vial for adults and children. Fluzone must be refrigerated under temperatures from 2 to and is inactivated by freezing. Fluzone was initially approved in 1980 by the FDA.

Adverse effects

The following adverse effects have been reported:

• Mild soreness, local pain and swelling at the site of the injection
• In small children and in people with no previous exposure to a flu vaccine, episodes of fever, malaise, myalgia (muscle pain)
• In people who are sensitive to egg protein, allergic reactions may ensue, such as hives, angioedema, asthma and anaphylaxis

High-dose vaccine

A high-dose vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) four times the strength of standard flu vaccine was approved by the FDA in 2009.{{cite press release | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091231075127/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm195483.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 31 December 2009

Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra

Vaxigrip and its quadrivalent formulation Vaxigrip Tetra are split virus inactivated vaccines made by Sanofi Pasteur in Europe. Vaxigrip provides immune responses to three influenza strains and VaxigripTetra adds another B strain. VaxigripTetra was approved in Europe in 2016 except for infants younger than three years old.

Flublok/Flublok Quadrivalent

Flublok and its quadrivalent formulation are recombinant subunit vaccines prepared in cell cultures. Recombinant influenza vaccines are produced using recombinant virus technology. This method does not require an egg-grown vaccine virus and does not use chicken eggs in the production process. The DNA for the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus is added to a baculovirus. This recombinant virus is then used to infect cultured insect cells (of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda), which subsequently produce the hemagglutinin protein. The protein is harvested and purified. This is done for four different types of influenza hemagglutinin to create the Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine.

Seqirus

Afluria and its quadrivalent formulation are a split virus inactivated vaccines. Fluad and its quadrivalent formulations are adjuvanted surface antigen inactivated vaccines. Flucelvax and its quadrivalent formulations are surface antigen inactivated vaccines prepared in cell cultures.

Novartis developed the first influenza vaccine, which did not need to be grown in chicken eggs, a cell-based vaccine. In 2014, CSL Limited obtained Novartis' flu vaccine unit, and transferred it to CSL Subsidiary, bioCSL, named Seqirus.

The following are list of bioCSL flu vaccine brands:

• Trivalent
  • Afluria, also marketed as Enzira, Fluvax, and Nilgrip in various different markets
  • Agrippal, also marketed as Begripal, Fluazur, Sandovac, Agriflu, and Chiroflu in various different markets
  • Fluad,
  • Fluad Pediatric, a pediatric vaccine
  • Flucelvax
• Quadrivalent
  • Afluria Quadrivalent, also marketed as Afluria Quad and Afluria Tetra in various different markets
  • Fluad Quad
  • Fluad Quadrivalent
  • Fluad Tetra
  • Flucelvax Quad
  • Flucelvax Quadrivalent
  • Flucelvax Tetra

References

References

1. (17 December 2013). "Fluenz EPAR".
2. (17 December 2013). "Fluenz Tetra EPAR".
3. (9 July 2020). "Flumist".
4. (9 July 2020). "Flumist Quadrivalent".
5. (15 July 2019). "GSK ships 2019-20 seasonal influenza vaccines for US market".
6. Pierson, Ransdell. (14 July 2014). "Mylan to buy Abbott generics, cut taxes, in $5.3 billion deal". reuters.
7. Tascarella, Patty. (27 February 2015). "Mylan inversion deal completed". Pittsburgh Business Times.
8. (16 November 2020). "Pfizer Completes Transaction to Combine Its Upjohn Business with Mylan". Pfizer.
9. (16 November 2020). "Brands".
10. (27 October 2014). "Australia's CSL buys Novartis flu vaccine unit for $275 mln". Reuters.
11. (22 June 2017). "Optaflu - Expiry of the marketing authorisation in the European Union". [[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA).
12. (27 June 2017). "Optaflu EPAR". [[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA).
13. (13 April 2021). "2021 seasonal influenza vaccines".
14. "Recombinant Influenza (Flu) Vaccine". Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
15. link. (10 June 2015 . Sanofi Pasteur. June 2012.)
16. [http://www.fluzone.com/ "Fluzone intradermal vaccine website"]. Sanofi Pasteur.
17. (14 November 2019). "Fluzone High-Dose Quadrivalent".
18. (26 February 2018). "Flublok".
19. (2 August 2019). "Flublok Quadrivalent".
20. Nolletti, Cynthia. (11 July 2016). "FDA Clinical Review of Flublok Quadrivalent".
21. Alice Park. (30 October 2014). "This Flu Shot Is Not Like the Others".
22. "CSL's product list". Seqirus.
23. (8 November 2019). "Fluad".
24. (17 October 2024). "Fluad EPAR".
25. (17 October 2024). "Flucelvax EPAR".
26. (18 October 2024). "Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 14-17 October 2024".
27. (13 December 2019). "Fluad Quad Australian prescription medicine decision summary".
28. (21 February 2020). "Fluad Quadrivalent".
29. (24 March 2020). "Fluad Tetra EPAR".
30. (9 September 2020). "Flucelvax Quad".
31. (24 September 2018). "Flucelvax Tetra EPAR".
32. (April 2009). "Trivalent inactivated subunit influenza vaccine Influvac: 25-Year experience of safety and immunogenicity". Vaccine.
33. "Abbott Halts Influvac Sale". [[Drug Discovery & Development]].
34. "Optaflu, the Novartis cell culture-derived influenza vaccine, receives positive opinion supporting European Union regulatory approval". [[Novartis]].
35. (27 November 2017). "Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (VaxigripTetra)". [[Expert Review of Vaccines]].
36. (June 2017). "A trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip): summary of almost 50 years of experience and more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in over 120 countries". Expert Rev Vaccines.
37. (August 2014). "Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults". N. Engl. J. Med..
38. (22 August 2019). "Influenza vaccines — United States, 2019–20 influenza season*". U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC).