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List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation

English Protestants executed during the English Reformation

Summary

English Protestants executed during the English Reformation

the Protestant martyrs

Plaque in Maidstone, Kent, commemorating those burnt nearby

Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Most were executed in the short reign of Mary I in what is called the Marian persecutions. Protestant theologian and activist John Foxe described "the great persecutions & horrible troubles, the suffering of martyrs, and other such things" in his contemporaneously-published Book of Martyrs.

Protestants in England and Wales were executed under legislation that punished anyone judged guilty of heresy against Catholicism. Although the standard penalty for those convicted of treason in England at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered, this legislation adopted the punishment of burning the condemned. At least 280 people were recognized as burned over the five years of Mary I's reign by contemporary sources.

Historical context

English Reformation

The English Reformation had put a stop to Catholic ecclesiastical governance in England, asserted royal supremacy over the English Church and dissolved some church institutions, such as monasteries and chantries.

An important year in the English Reformation was 1547, when Protestantism became a new force under the child-king Edward VI, England's first Protestant ruler. Edward died at age 15 in 1553. His cousin and chosen Protestant successor Lady Jane Grey claimed the throne but was deposed by Edward's Catholic half-sister, Mary I.

Persecution of Protestants under Mary I (1553–1558)

Marian martyrs memorial: [[Cotham Church]], Bristol

The relationship between the English church and Rome was restored at the accession of Queen Mary I to the English throne in 1553. With her repeal of all religious legislation passed under Edward VI, Protestants faced a choice: exile, reconciliation/conversion, or punishment. Many people were exiled, and hundreds of dissenters were burned at the stake, earning her the nickname of "Bloody Mary". The number of people executed for their faith during the persecutions is thought to be at least 287, including 56 women. Thirty others died in prison.

Although the Marian Persecutions began with four clergymen, relics of Edwardian England's Protestantism, Foxe's Book of Martyrs offers an account of the executions, which extended well beyond the anticipated targets – high-level clergy. Tradesmen were also burned, as well as married men and women, sometimes in unison, "youths" and at least one couple was burned alive with their daughter. The figure of 300 victims of the Marian Persecutions was given by Foxe and later by Thomas Brice in his poem, "The Register".

English Inquisition and the judicial process

However bloody the end, the trials of Protestant heretics were judicial affairs, presided by bishops (most notably Bishop Bonner) adhering to a strict legal protocol under the privy council, with Parliament's blessing. Mary had difficulty forming an efficient Privy Council, which eventually numbered over 40 and never worked as a source of political advice, though it effectively pursued police work and enforcement of religious uniformity. During the session that restored the realm to papal obedience Parliament reinstated the heresy laws. From 20 January 1555, England could legally punish those judged guilty of heresy against the Roman Catholic faith.

Thus it became a matter of establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused heretic in open court – a process which the lay authorities employed to reclaim "straying sheep" and to set a precedent for authentic Catholic teaching. If found guilty, the accused were first excommunicated, then handed over to the secular authorities for execution. The official records of the trials are limited to formal accusations, sentences, and so forth; the documents to which historians look for context and detail are those written by the accused or their supporters.

John Rogers' execution

Before Mary's ascent to the throne, John Foxe, one of the few clerics of his day who was against the burning of even obstinate heretics, had approached the Royal Chaplain and Protestant preacher, John Rogers to intervene on behalf of Joan Bocher, a female Anabaptist who was sentenced to death by burning in 1550. Rogers refused to help, as he supported the burning of heretics. Rogers claimed that the method of execution was "sufficiently mild" for a crime as grave as heresy. Later, after Mary I came to power and restored England to Catholicism, John Rogers spoke quite vehemently against the new order and was himself burnt as a heretic.

Legacy

Throughout the course of the persecutions, Foxe lists 312 individuals who were burnt or hanged for their faith, or died or sickened in prison. Three of these people are commemorated with a gothic memorial in Oxford, England, but there are many other memorials across England. They are known locally as the "Marian Martyrs".

English saints and martyrs of the Reformation era are remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 4 May.

Martyrs executed

Order of death.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of execution	Place of execution g	References	Protestants executed under Henry VIII	Radical Protestants executed under Edward VI	Protestants executed under Mary I
	Agnes Grebill	Kent, England	Lollard	burnt 1511	Kent
1.	Thomas Hitton	Martham, Norfolk	clergyman – priest	burnt 23 February 1530	Maidstone, Kent
2.	Thomas Benet	Exeter, Devon	teacher	burnt 15 January 1531	Exeter, Devon
3.	Thomas Bilney	Taken at Norwich, Norfolk	clergyman – priest	burnt 19 August 1531	Lollards Pit, Norwich, Norfolk
4.	Richard Bayfield	Taken at Mark Lane, London	monk – Benedictine (former) and chamberlain of Bury St Edmunds Abbey	burnt 27 November 1531	Smithfield, London
5.	John Tewkesbury	St Michael-le-Querne Parish, Paternoster Row, London	leatherseller	burnt December 1531	Smithfield, London
6.	'An old man'	Buckinghamshire		burnt 1531		Book 3	Page 546]'Foxe has a terse report in the Rerum of an old man of Buckingham- shire being executed in 1531 for eating pork during Lent (Rerum, p. 126). Foxe's source for this episode is unknown; Bale does not mention this old man in any of his works. Perhaps Laurence Humphrey, who was Foxe's friend, a native of Buckinghamshire, and who was with Foxe in Basel, was the source for this story. In any case, the Rerum account was translated word-for-word in the 1563 edition. The story was dropped from all subsequent editions, possibly because Foxe grew unsure of this individual's existence or at least of his ability to prove it.' Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
7.	Davy Foster	Yorkshire	poor artificer	burnt 1531
8.	James Bainham	Middle Temple, London	lawyer	burnt 30 April 1532	Smithfield, London
9.	John Bent	Urchfont, Wiltshire		burnt in or before April 1532	Devizes, Wiltshire
10.	... Trapnel			burnt in or before April 1532	Bradford, Wiltshire
11.	Thomas Harding	Chesham, Buckinghamshire	'aged father'	his brains were dashed out with a billet of wood while he was being burnt at the stake, May 1532		Chesham, Buckinghamshire
12.	John Frith	Westerham, then Sevenoaks, Kent – Taken after he had been preaching at Bow Lane, London	clergyman – canon at Cardinal College, Oxford	burnt 4 July 1533	Smithfield, London
13.	Andrew Hewet	Watling Street, London (born in Faversham, Kent)	apprentice to a tailor
14.–23.	Ten Dutchmen counted for Anabaptists – Segor, Derycke, Symon, Runa, Derycke, Dominicke, Dauid, Cornelius, Elken and Milo			burnt 1535	'sundry places of the realm'
24.	Robert Pakington	Cheapside, London	mercer	murdered 13 November 1536	Cheapside, London
25.	William Cowbridge	Wantage, Berkshire	clergyman (purported) – 'exercised the office of a priest, in teaching and administering of the sacraments, but being no priest indeed'	burnt after – probably shortly after – 22 July 1538	Oxford, Oxfordshire	Foxe describes him as being 'mad and beside his right senses ... and destitute of sense and reason'. The Critical Apparatus to Foxe's Book of Martyrs lists a number of unorthodox beliefs which he held.
26.	John Lambert	The Stocks – a market for meat and fish in the City of London	clergyman – priest, and teacher of Greek and Latin	burnt 22 November 1538	Smithfield, London
27.	... Puttedew	Suffolk		burnt in or before 1538	Suffolk
28.	William Leiton or Leyton	Eye Priory, Eye, Suffolk	monk – Benedictine	burnt in or before 1538	Norwich, Norfolk
29. -30	Two Anabaptists, a man and a woman	Dutch		burnt 29 November 1538	Smithfield, London
31.	Giles Germane			burnt 1539	St Giles in the Fields, outside London
32.	Launcelot ...		servant of the king
33.	John ...		painter
34.–36.	Three Anabaptists – ... Mandeville, ... Collins and another			burnt 29 April 1539	Newington Causeway, outside London
37.	William Collins	London	lawyer and gentleman	burnt 7 July 1540	Smithfield, London or Southwark	Foxe describes him as being 'mad ... ravished of his wits ... beside his wits'.
38.	Robert Barnes	Austin Friary, Cambridge (until 1528)	monk – Augustinian	burnt 30 July 1540	Smithfield, London
39.	Thomas Gerrard (or Gerard, Garret or Garrard)	All Hallows Honey Lane Parish, London	clergyman – rector of All Hallows Honey Lane
40.	William Jerome	Stepney, London	clergyman – vicar of St Dunstan's, Stepney
41.–42.	Valentine Freese and his wife			burnt 1540	York, Yorkshire
43.	Richard Mekins		'a child that passed not the age of fifteen years'	burnt 30 July 1541
44.	Richard Spenser		clergyman (former) – 'a ... Priest ... who leaving his papistry, had married a wife, and became a player in interludes'	Burnt about 1541/2	Salisbury, Wiltshire
45.	John Ramsey		player in interludes
46.	Thomas Bernard			burnt about 1541	Lincoln Diocese
47.	James Morton
48.	Adam Damlip (also known as George Bucker)	Calais	clergyman – former chaplain to Bishop John Fisher	hanged, drawn and quartered 22 May 1543	Calais
	Windsor Martyrs
49.	Robert Testwood	City of London (originally)	musician in the college at Windsor	burnt 28 July 1543	Windsor, Berkshire
50.	Anthony Pearson		clergyman – priest of Windsor; popular preacher
51.	Henry Filmer		churchwarden of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor
52.	Unknown man	Calais	poor labouring man	burnt 1540Six months before the execution of Robert Harvey for treason in Spring 1541 Harvey#C241.56 Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus	Calais
53.	... Dodd	Calais – a Scotsman		burnt 1541'within the space of a year, or thereabout, after' the previous man
54.	[Forename unknown] ... Henry			burnt 1545 or 1546	Colchester, Essex
55.	Unknown man		servant of ... Henry
56.	[Forename unknown] ... Kerby			burnt 1546	Ipswich, Suffolk
57.	Roger Clarke	Mendlesham, Suffolk		Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
58.	Anne Askew	Stallingborough, Lincolnshire	wife of Master Thomas Kyme, a farmer and landowner of Friskney, Lincolnshire	burnt 16 July 1546	Smithfield, London
59.	Nicholas Belenian	Shropshire	clergyman – priest
60.	John Adams	Colchester, Essex	tailor
61.	John Lassells	Gateford, Nottinghamshire	courtier
62.	... Rogers	Norfolk		burnt 1546	Norfolk
63.	Oliver Richardine	Whitchurch parish, Shropshire		Hartford West
1.	Joan Bocher (or Butcher, or as Joan Knell)	Kent (perhaps Romney Marsh)		2 May 1550	Smithfield, London
2.	George van Parris	Dutchman		1551
1.	John Rogers	City of London	clergyman – preacher, biblical translator, lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedral	burnt 4 February 1555	Smithfield, London	113}}
2.	Lawrence Saunders	City of London	clergyman – preacher, Rector of All Hallows Bread Street, London	burnt 8 February 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	98}}
3.	John Hooper	Gloucester and Worcester	clergyman – Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester under Edward VI	burnt 9 February 1555	Gloucester, Gloucestershire	98}}
4.	Rowland Taylor	Hadleigh, Suffolk	clergyman – Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk	burnt 9 February 1555	Aldham Common, Nr Hadleigh, Suffolk	98}}
5.	Rawlins White	Cardiff, Glamorgan	fisherman	burnt March 1555	Cardiff, Glamorgan
6.	Thomas Tomkins	Shoreditch, London	weaver	burnt 16 March 1555	Smithfield, London
7.	Thomas Causton	Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex	gentleman	burnt 26 March 1555	Rayleigh, Essex
8.	Thomas Higbed	Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex	gentleman	Horndon-on-the-Hill, Essex
9.	William Hunter	Coleman Street Parish, London	apprentice	burnt 27 March 1555 (or 26 according to Foxe)	Brentwood, Essex
10.	Stephen Knight		barber	burnt 28 March 1555	Maldon, Essex
11.	William Pygot (or Pigot)		butcher	Braintree, Essex
12.	William Dighel			Banbury, Oxfordshire
13.	John Lawrence (or Laurence)		clergyman – priest and former Blackfriar at Sudbury, Suffolk	burnt 29 March 1555	Colchester, Essex
14.	Robert Ferrar	St David's, Pembrokeshire	clergyman – Bishop of St David's under Edward VI	burnt 30 March 1555	Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire
15.	George Marsh	Dean, Lancashire	clergyman – curate to Laurence Saunders and minister at Dean, Lancashire	burnt 24 April 1555	Boughton, Cheshire
16.	William Flower	Lambeth, London	surgeon and teacher	Westminster
17.	John Cardmaker	Wells, Somerset	clergyman – prebendary of Wells Cathedral	burnt 30 May 1555	Smithfield, London
18.	John Warne	Walbrook, London	upholsterer
19.	Thomas Hawkes (or Haukes)	Essex	gentleman	burnt 10 June 1555	Coggeshall, Essex	url=http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/foxe288.htm	title=Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 286. Thomas Haukes	publisher=Exclassics.com	access-date=1 September 2012}}
20.	Thomas Watts (or Wattes)	Billericay, Essex	linen draper	Chelmsford, Essex
21.	John Ardeley (or Ardite)	Wigborough, Essex	husbandman	burnt 30 May 1555 (or 'about 10 June', according to Foxe)	Rayleigh, Essex
22.	John Simson	Rochford, Essex
23.	Nicholas Chamberlain (or Chamberlaine)	Coggeshall, Essex	weaver	burnt 14 June 1555	Colchester, Essex
24.	William Bamford (or Butler)	burnt 15 June 1555	Harwich, Essex
25.	Thomas Ormond (or Osmande)	fuller	Manningtree, Essex
26.	John Bradford	City of London	clergyman – prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral	burnt 1 July 1555	Smithfield, London
27.	John Leaf (or Jhon Least)	Christ Church Greyfriars, London (born in Kirkby Moorside, Yorkshire)	apprentice tallow chandler
	Canterbury Martyrs of July 1555
28.	John Bland (or Blande)	Rolvenden, Kent	clergyman – vicar of Rolvenden, Kent	burnt 12 July 1555	Canterbury, Kent
29.	Nicholas Shetterden (or Shitterdun)
30.	John Frankesh	Adisham, Kent	clergyman – parson of Adisham, Kent
31.	Humphrey Middleton	Ashford, Kent
32.	Nicholas Hall	Dartford, Kent	bricklayer	burnt 19 July 1555	Rochester, Kent
33.	Christopher Wade	linen-weaver	burnt July 1555	Dartford, Kent
34.	Margaret (or Margery) Polley	Pepeling, CalaisFoxe erred in stating that Polley came from Pepenbury; see PRO C/85/144/33r.	widow	burnt 17 July 1555	Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent
35.	Dirick Carver (also spelt Deryk; also known as Dirick Harman)	Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex	beer-brewer	burnt 22 July 1555,	Lewes, East Sussex
36.	John Launder	Godstone, Surrey	husbandman	burnt 23 July 1555	Steyning, West Sussex
37.	Thomas Euerson (or Iueson, Iverson or Iveson)	carpenter	burnt (day unknown) July 1555	Chichester, West Sussex
38.	Richard Hook (or Hooke)		lame man
39.	James Abbess	Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk	shoemaker	burnt 2 August 1555	Thetford, Norfolk (or Bury, according to Foxe)
40.	John Denley	Maidstone, Kent	gentleman	burnt 8 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex
41.	Robert Smith	Windsor, Berkshire	clerk at the college in Windsor, Berkshire and painter
	Canterbury Martyrs of August 1555
42.	William Coker			burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent
43.	William Hopper	Cranbrook, Kent
44.	Henry Laurence
45.	Richard Collier (or Colliar)
46.	Richard Wright	Ashford, Kent
47.	William Stere
48.	Elizabeth Warne (or Warren)	Walbrook, London	widow of John Warne, upholsterer	Stratford-atte-Bow, London
49.	Roger Hues (aliases: Curryer, Corier)	St Mary's, Taunton, Somerset		burnt 24 August 1555	Taunton, Somerset
50.	George Tankerfield	London (born in York)	cook	burnt 26 August 1555	St Albans
51.	Patrick Pakingham (aliases: Packingham, Pachingham, Patchingham or Pattenham)			burnt 28 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex
52.	John Newman	Maidstone, Kent	pewterer	burnt 31 August 1555	Saffron Walden, Essex
53.	Robert Samuel (or Samuell)	Barfold, Suffolk	clergyman – minister at Barfold, Suffolk	Thetford, Norfolk
54.	Stephen Harwood	Ware, Hertfordshire	brewer	burnt 30 August 1555	Stratford in Essex
55.	Thomas Fust (or Fusse)		hosier,	August 1555	In the environs of London or Ware
56.	William Hale (or Hailes)	Thorpe, Essex,		late August 1555	In the environs of Barnet, London
57.	William Allen	Somerton, Norfolk	labourer	burnt early September 1555	Walsingham, Norfolk
58.	Roger Coe (or Coo or Cooe)	Melford, Suffolk	shearman	burnt date unknown September 1555	Yoxford, Suffolk	url=http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/foxe312.htm	title=Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 310. William Allen, Roger Coo, and Thomas Cobb	publisher=Exclassics.com	access-date=1 September 2012}}
59.	Thomas Cob	Haverhill, Suffolk	butcher	Thetford, Norfolk
	Canterbury Martyrs of September 1555
60.	George Catmer (or Painter)	Hythe, Kent		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent
61.	Robert Streater (or Streter)
62.	Anthony Burward	Calete (possibly Calais)
63.	George Brodbridge (or Bradbridge)	Bromfield, Kent
64.	James Tutty (or Tuttey)	Brenchley, Kent
65.	Robert Glover (or Glouer)	Mancetter, Warwickshire	gentleman	burnt 14 September 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	url=http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/foxe314.htm	title=Foxe's Book of Martyrs – 312. Robert Glover, Gentleman, and John and William Glover, his brothers	publisher=Exclassics.com	access-date=1 September 2012}}
66.	Cornelius Bongey (or Bungey)		capper	burnt 20 September 1555
67.	Thomas Hayward (or Heywarde)			burnt mid-September 1555	Lichfield, Staffordshire
68.	John Goreway	Holy Trinity Parish, Coventry, Warwickshire
	Ely Martyrs
69.	William Wolsey	Upwell, Norfolk	constable, one of the Ely Martyrs	burnt 16 October 1555	Cathedral Green, Ely, Cambridgeshire
70.	Robert Pygot (or Pigot)	Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire	painter, also an Ely Martyr
	Oxford Martyrs
71.	Hugh Latimer (or Latymer)	Baxterley, Warwickshire	clergyman – chaplain to King Edward VI	burnt 16 October 1555	outside Balliol College, Oxford
72.	Nicholas Ridley	Fulham Palace	clergyman – Bishop of London under Edward VI
	Canterbury Martyrs of November 1555
73.	John Webbe (or Web)		gentleman	burnt 30 November 1555	Canterbury, Kent
74.	George Roper
75.	Gregory Parke (or Paynter)
76.	John Philpot	Winchester, Hampshire	clergyman – Archdeacon of Winchester	burnt 18 December 1555	Smithfield, London
77.	Thomas Whittle (or Whitwell)	Essex	clergyman – priest or minister	burnt 27 January 1556
78.	Bartlett (or Bartholomew) Green	Temple, London – born in Basinghall, London	gentleman and lawyer
79.	Thomas Brown	St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – born in Histon, Cambridgeshire
80.	John Tudson	St Mary Botolph parish, London – born in Ipswich, Suffolk	artificer
81.	John Went (or Winter or Hunt)	Langham, Essex	artificer
82.	Isobella Forster (or Annis Foster)	St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – Born in Greystoke, Cumberland	wife of John Foster, cutler
83.	Joan Lushford (or Jone Lashforde, or Warne)	Little Allhallows parish, Thames Street, London	maid	which says that 'Joan Lashford ... was the daughter of one Robert Lashford ..., and of ... Elizabeth, who afterward was married to John Warne'
	Canterbury Martyrs of 1556
84.	John Lomas (or Jhon Lowmas)	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap, Canterbury
85.	Annes Snoth (or Annis Snod)	Smarden, Kent	widow
86.	Anne Wright (or Albright); alias Champnes
87.	Joan (or Jone) Soale	Horton, Kent	wife
88.	Joan Catmer	Hythe, Kent	'wife (as it should seem) of George Catmer', burnt in 1555	may be the same as Jone Painter (the Regester)
	Ipswich Martyrs of 1556
89.	Agnes Potten	Ipswich, Suffolk	wife of Robert Potten	burnt 19 February 1556	Ipswich, Cornhill	which refers to 'two women in Ippeswiche towne'
90.	Joan Trunchfield	wife of Michael Trunchfield, a shoemaker
91.	Thomas Cranmer	Lambeth Palace	clergyman – Archbishop of Canterbury (former)	burnt 21 March 1556	outside Balliol College, Oxford
92.	John Maundrel	Beckhampton, Wiltshire – brought up in Rowde, Wiltshire	husbandman	burnt 24 March 1556	outside Salisbury, Wiltshire	which refers to 'two brethren more'
93.	William Coberly	Wiltshire	tailor
94.	John Spicer (or Spencer)	Winston, Suffolk	freemason or bricklayer
95.	John Harpole (or Hartpoole)	St Nicholas Parish, Rochester, Kent		burnt 1 April 1556	Rochester, Kent
96.	Joan Beach	Tunbridge Wells, Kent	widow
97.	John Hullier (or Hulliarde)	Babraham, Cambridgeshire	clergyman – curate of Babraham, Cambridgeshire	burnt 16 April 1556	Cambridge, Cambridgeshire	url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604120701/http://babraham-village.net/history.html	date=4 June 2011 }}
98.	William Tyms (or Timmes)	Hockley, Essex	clergyman – curate of Hockley, Essex	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London
99.	Robert Drake	Thundersley, Essex	clergyman – minister or parson of Thundersley, Essex
100.	Richard Spurge	Bocking, Essex	shearman
101.	Thomas Spurge	Bocking, Essex	fuller
102.	George Ambrose	Bocking, Essex	fuller
103.	John Cavel (or Cauell)	Bocking, Essex	weaver
	Colchester martyrs of April 1556
104.	Christopher Lister	Dagenham, Essex	husbandman	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex
105.	John Mace	Colchester, Essex	apothecary
106.	John Spencer	weaver
107.	Simon Joyne		sawyer
108.	Richard Nicol	Colchester, Essex	weaver
109.	John Hamond	tanner
110.	Hugh Laverock (or Lauarocke)	Barking, Essex	painter, (a lame man)	burnt 15 May 1556	Stratford in Essex
111.	John Apprice (or Aprice)		blind man	Stratford-Atte-Bow or Stratford in Essex
112.	Thomas Drowry		blind boy	Gloucester, Gloucestershire	which refers to 'two at Glocester'
113.	Thomas Croker		bricklayer
114.	Katherine Hut	Bocking, Essex	widow	burnt 16 May 1556	Smithfield, London
115.	Elizabeth Thackvel	Great Burstead, Essex	maid
116.	Joan (or Jone) Horns	Billericay, Essex
117.	Thomas Spicer	Winston, Suffolk	labourer	burnt 21 May 1556	Beccles, Suffolk	which refers to 'two men and a syster dere'
118.	John Deny (or Denny) (possibly a female Joan or Jone)	Beccles, Suffolk
119.	Edmund Poole
120.	Thomas Harland	Woodmancote, Sussex	carpenter	burnt 6 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex
121.	John Oswald (or Oseward)	husbandman
122.	Thomas Reed	Ardingly, Sussex		burnt about 6 June 1556
123.'The Regester' states that a person called 'Milwright' was burnt along with Harland, Oswald, Reed and Avington. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs, although he does appear in	Thomas Avington (or Euington)	turner
124.	Adam Forster (or Foster)	Mendlesham, Suffolk	husbandman	burnt 17 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
125.	Robert Lawson	linen weaver
126.	Thomas Wood		clergyman – pastor	burnt about 20 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex
127.	Thomas Milles	Hellingly, Sussex		may be the same as John Milles
128.	Thomas Moor		servant and husbandman	burnt 26 June 1556	Leicester, Leicestershire	the same as 'A merchant's servant burned at Leicester' and the same as 'the yong man at Leicester'
	Stratford Martyrs, 11 men and 2 women.
129.	Henry Adlington (or Addlinton)	Grinstead, Sussex	sawyer	burnt 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow
130.	Lawrence (or Laurence) Parnam	Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire	smith
131.	Henry Wye	Stanford-le-Hope, Essex	brewer
132.	William Holywell (or Hallywell)	Waltham Holy Cross, Essex,	smith
133.	Thomas Bowyer (or Bowier)	Great Dunmow, Essex	weaver
134.	George Searle	White Notley, Essex	tailor
135.	Edmond Hurst	St James's Parish, Colchester	labourer
136.	Lion/Lyon Cawch	City of London	merchant/broker
137.	Ralph Jackson	Chipping Ongar, Essex,	serving-man
138.	John Derifall (or Dorifall)	Rettendon, Essex	labourer
139.	John Routh/Roth	Wickes, Essex
140.	Elizabeth Pepper	St James's parish, Colchester	wife of Thomas Pepper, weaver	which refers to "two women"
141.	Agnes George	West Barefold, Essex	wife of Richard George, husbandman	her husband then married Christian George, mentioned below
142.	Roger Bernard	Framsden, Suffolk	labourer	burnt 30 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
143.	Julins Palmer	Reading, Berkshire	schoolmaster	burnt about 15 July 1556	'The Sand-pits', Nr Newbury, Berkshire
144.	John Guin/Jhon Gwin		shoemaker
145.	Thomas Askin/Askue
	Guernsey Martyrs – (Three women and one unborn male foetus)
146.	Catherine Cauchés (sometimes spelt Katherine Cawches)	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands		burnt 18 July 1556	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands
147.	Perotine Massey (pregnant)	wife of Norman Calvinist minister
148.	Guillemine Gilbert
149.	Thomas Dungate (or Dougate)	East Grinstead, Sussex		burnt 18 July 1556	Grinstead, Sussex
150.	John Forman (or Foreman)
151.	Anne Tree (or Try)	West Hoathly, Sussex
152.	Joan Waste	All Hallows', Derby, Derbyshire	blind woman	burnt 1 August 1556	Derby, Derbyshire
153.	Edward Sharp		glover (possibly)	burnt early September 1556	Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset
154.	Rose Pencell			burnt 17 October 1555	Bristol
155.	William Shapton		weaver
156.	John Kurde	Syresham, Northamptonshire	shoemaker	burnt October 1556 or 20 September 1557	Northampton, Northamptonshire
157.	John Noyes	Laxfield, Suffolk	shoemaker	burnt 22 September 1556 or 1557
158.	Thomas Ravensdale			burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex
159.	John Hart
160.	Unknown man		shoemaker
161.	Unknown man		currier
162.	Nicholas Holden	Withyham, Sussex	weaver
163.	Unknown man		carpenter	burnt 25 September 1556	Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset
164.	John Horn			burnt late September 1556	Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire	May be an error for Edward Horne, burnt at Newent, Gloucestershire in September 1558. Foxe states that a woman was burnt with Horne. However, the Critical Apparatus quotes a letter from Foxe's papers stating that 'Edward Horne's wife was condemned with him but she recanted and her life was spared'
165.	John Phillpott	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Wye, Ashford, Kent	which refers to 'two at Wye'
166.	Thomas Stephens	Biddenden, Kent
	Canterbury Martyrs of January 1557
167.	Stephen Kempe	Norgate, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent
168.	William Waterer	Biddenden, Kent
169.	William Prowting	Thurnham, Kent
170.	William Lowick	Cranbrook, Kent
171.	Thomas Hudson	Selling, Kent
172.	William Hay	Hythe, Kent
173.	Nicholas Final	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Ashford, Kent	which refers to 'two at Asheforde'. A number of Kentish people of Ashford Area are recorded as having been burnt 16 January 1556 at Ashford, Kent in Ashford Borough Council – Parks and Open Spaces. However, at this time the civil or legal year in England began on 25 March, so the date now known as 16 January 1557 would then have been recorded as 16 January 1556.
174.	Martin Bradbridge
175.	William Carman (or Carmen)William Carman burnt unknown month 1557 and Thomas Carman burnt 19 May 1558 were brothers			burnt day and month unknown 1557
176.	Thomas Loseby			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	may be the same as Jhon Lothesby, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester)
177.	Henry Ramsey
178.	Thomas Thyrtell (or Sturtle)
179.	Margaret Hyde			may be the same as Annis Hide, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester)
180.	Agnes Stanley (or Stanlye)
181.	Richard Sharpe		weaver	burnt 7 May 1557	Cotham, Bristol
182.	Thomas Hale		shoemaker
183.	Stephen Gratwick (or Steuen Grathwick)	Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex		burnt at end of May 1557	St. George's Fields, Southwark, Surrey
184.	William Morant
185.	Thomas King			272}}
	Maidstone martyrs
186.	Joan (or Jone) Bradbridge	Staplehurst, Kent	Presumably a relative of Widow Bradbridge, burnt 19 June 1557	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent
187.	Walter Appleby	Maidstone, Kent
188.	Petronil Appleby	wife of Walter Appleby
189.	Edmund Allin (or Allen)	Maplehurst Mill, Frittenden, Kent	miller
190.	Katherine Allin (or Allen)	Wife of Edmund Allin/Allen, miller
191.	Joan (or Jone) Manning	Maidstone, Kent
192.	Elizabeth (surname possibly 'Lewis')		blind maid
	Canterbury martyrs of June 1557
193.	John Fishcock/Jhon Fiscoke			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent
194.	Nicholas White
195.	Nicholas Pardue/Perdue
196.	Barbara Final
197.	Bradbridge's Widow (Bradbridge's Wife)	Probably Tenterden, Kent	Probably the widow of Martin Bradbridge, burnt 16 January 1557
198.	Mistress Wilson (also referred to as 'Wilson's Wife')
199.	Alice Benden, possibly also referred to as 'Benson's Wife'	Staplehurst (or possibly Cranbrook), Kent
	Lewes Martyrs
200.	Richard Woodman	Warbleton, Sussex	iron-maker	burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex
201.	George Stevens (or Steuens)
202.	William Mainard	Mayfield, Sussex
203.	Alexander Hosman	servant of William Mainard
204.	Thomasina Wood	maidservant of William Mainard
205.	Margery Morris (or Morice)	Heathfield, Sussex
206.	James Morris (or Morice) – son of Margery
207.	Denis Burcis (or Burgis)	Buxted, Sussex
208.	Ann Ashdon (or Ashdown; also referred to as 'Ashdon's Wife')	Rotherfield, Sussex
209.	Mary Groves (also referred to as 'Gloue's Wife')	Lewes, Sussex		May be the same as Christian Grover of the archdeaconry of Lewes
210.	Simon Miller (or Milner)	Lynn, Norfolk		burnt 13 July 1557	Norwich, Norfolk
211.	Elizabeth Cooper	St Andrew's Church, Norwich, Norfolk	wife of a pewterer	(which calls her 'a woman')
212.	George Egles/Eagles			hung, drawn & quartered, August 1557	Chelmsford, Essex
	Colchester Martyrs of August 1557
213.	William Bongeor	St Nicholas Parish, Colchester, Essex	glazier	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex
214.	William Purchase (or Purcas)	Bocking, Essex	fuller
215.	Thomas Benhote (or Benold)	Colchester, Essex	tallow-chandler
216.	Agnes Silverside (or Smith)	widow
217.	Helen (or Ellen) Ewring	wife of John Ewring, miller
218.	Elizabeth Folk	'young maiden' and servant
219.	William Munt (or Mount)	Much Bentley, Essex
220.	Alice Munt (or Mount)	wife of William Munt (or Mount)
221.	Rose Allen (or Allin)	spinster, daughter of Alice Mount
222.	John Johnson	Thorpe, Essex	labourer
223.	Richard Crashfield	Wymondham, Norfolk		burnt 5 August 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	which records 'one at Norwich' in July
224.	Father Fruier			burnt August 1557	Rochester, Kent
225.	Robert Stevenson
226.	Sister of George Eagles
227.	Unknown Woman
228.	Agnes Prest	Boyton, Cornwall	Spinner	burnt 15 August 1557	Southernhay, Exeter
229.	Thomas Benion		weaver	burnt 27 August 1557	Bristol
230.	Joyce Lewis	Mancetter, Warwickshire	gentlewoman	burnt September 1557	Lichfield, Staffordshire	– may be the same as Joyce Bowes, August 1557 (the Regester)
231.	Ralph Allerton/Rafe Glaiton	Much Bentley, Essex		burnt 17 September 1557	Islington
232.	James Austoo (or Auscoo)
233.	Margery Austoo (or Auscoo)
234.	Richard Roth (or Rooth)
235.	Agnes Bongeor (also known as Bowmer's Wife), wife of Richard Bongeor (similar name but different death date)			burnt 17 September (or unknown date July)	Colchester, Essex	(or March 1558, Colchester)
236.	Margaret Thurston/Widow Thurston-similar name but different death date
237.	Cicely Ormes	St Edmund's Parish, Norwich, Norfolk	wife of Edmund Ormes, worsted-weaver	burnt 23 September 1557	Norwich, Norfolk
238.	Thomas Spurdance		servant of the Queen	burnt November 1557	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
239.	John Halingdale/Hallingdale/Hollingday		carpenter	burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557,	Smithfield, London
240.	William Sparrow
241.	Richard Gibson		gentleman
242.	John Rough/Jhon Roughe	London/Islington, Middlesex	clergyman – minister at London/Islington, Middlesex	burnt 22 December 1557
243.	Margaret Maring (or Mering)
244.	[Unknown forename ...] Lawton			burnt March 1558	Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire
245.'The Regester' states that a person called 'Hayne' was burnt along with Cuthbert Symion. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs.	Cuthbert Symson/Symion	London/Islington, Middlesex	clergyman – deacon of the church in London/Islington, Middlesex	died 28 March 1558	Smithfield, London
246.	Hugh Foxe		hosier
247.	John Devinish/Jhon Denneshe		wool winder
248.	William Nichol			burnt 9 April 1558	SM9515 Haverfordwest/Hwlffordd, Pembrokeshire/Sir Benfro
249.	William Seaman (or Symon)	Mendlesham, Suffolk	husbandman	burnt 19 May 1558	Norwich, Norfolk
250.	Thomas Hudson	Aylsham, Norfolk	glover	described as 'Glouer' in
251.	Thomas Carman
252.	William Harris			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester
253.	Richard Day
254.	Christian George (female)			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester, Essex	her husband had previously been married to Agnes George, mentioned above
	Islington Martyrs
255.	Henry Pond (or Houde)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London
256.	Reinald Eastland (or Launder)
257.	Robert Southain (or Southam)
258.	Matthew Ricarby (or Ricarbie)
259.	John Floyd (or Flood)
260.	John Holiday (or Hollyday)
261.	Roger Holland	London (taken in or near St John's Wood)	merchant tailor
262.	Sir Richard Yeoman (or Yeman)	Hadleigh, Suffolk	clergyman – curate of Hadleigh, Suffolk	burnt 10 July 1558	Norwich, Norfolk
	Islington Martyrs (second group)
263.	Robert Mills			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex
264.	Stephen Cotton
265.	Robert Dynes
266.	Stephen Wight (or Wreight)
267.	John Slade
268.	William Pikes (aliases: Pikas, Peckes)		tanner
269.	John Cooke		sawyer	burnt about 25 July 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
270.	Robert Milles (or Plummer)		shearman
271.	Alexander Lane		wheelwright
272.	James Ashley		bachelor
273.	Thomas Benbrike/Benbridge		gentleman	burnt unknown day in July 1558	Winchester, Hampshire
274.	John (or Richard) Snell	Bedale, Yorkshire		burnt 9 September 1558	Richmond, Yorkshire
	Ipswich Martyrs of 1558
275.	Alexander Gooch (or Geche, or Gouch)	Woodbridge or Melton, Suffolk	weaver of shredding-coverlets	burnt 4 November 1558	Ipswich Cornhill
276.'The Regester' gives the name of the woman burnt with Alexander Gooch as Elizabeth Launson.	Alice Driver	Grundisburgh, Suffolk	wife of a husbandman
277.	Philip Humphrey (or Humfrey)			burnt November 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
278.	John David/Jhon Dauy (brother of Henry David)
279.	Henry David/H. Dauy (brother of John David)
	Canterbury Martyrs of 1558
280.	John Corneford	Wrotham, Kent		burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury, Kent
281.	Christopher Brown	Maidstone, Kent
282.	John Herst	Ashford, Kent
283.	Alice Snoth
284.	Katherine Knight/Tynley		an aged woman
	Note: Mary I died on 17 November 1558.
1.	Jan WielmackerAn Anabaptist	Dutchman – member of a conventicle in Aldgate, London		22 July 1575	Smithfield, London
2.	Hendrik Ter Woort
3.	Matthew HamontA Unitarian	Hethersett, Norfolk	ploughwright	20 May 1579	Norwich Castle
4.	John Lewes			18 September 1583	Norwich, Norfolk
5.	Peter Cole	Ipswich, Suffolk	tanner	1587	Norwich
6.	Francis Kett	Wymondham, Norfolk	clergyman and physician	14 January 1589	Norwich Castle	-
7.	John Greenwood	London	Puritan divine: Separatist	6 April 1593	London	-
8.	Henry Barrowe (or Barrow)	London	lawyer : Separatist
9.	John Penry	born Llangammarch, Powys, arrested Ratcliffe, London	writer and preacher	29 May 1593	St Thomas a Watering, Old Kent Road, London
1.	Bartholomew LegateAn Arian	Hornchurch, Essex	cloth trader	18 March 1612	Smithfield, London
2.	Edward Wightman	Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire	mercer and minister	11 April 1612	Lichfield, Staffordshire

Also mentioned by Foxe

John Fortune (or Cutler) (of Hintlesham, Suffolk, blacksmith, either burnt or died in prison)
John Warner of Bourne
Thomas Athoth, priest 'he may have died in prison, escaped or – less likely – been pardoned.'
John Ashedon of Catsfield

Posthumous proceedings

William Tracy of Toddington, Gloucestershire, 'worshipful esquire', exhumed and burnt, 1532
John Tooley, poulterer, exhumed and burnt, 4 June 1555
James Trevisam, died 3 July 1555 and summoned posthumously to appear before the bishop
Catherine, wife of Peter Martyr Vermigli, exhumed 1556, Cambridge
Martin Bucer, Professor of Divinity, exhumed and burnt 6 February 1557, Cambridge
Paul Fagius, Lecturer in Hebrew, exhumed and burnt 6 February 1557, Cambridge
Joan Seaman, early 1558, refused burial at Mendlesham
John Glover, gentleman, 'about the latter end of Queen Mary', ordered to be exhumed
William Glover, September 1558, refused burial at Wem, Shropshire
Edward Burton, 15 January 1559, refused burial at Shrewsbury

Those who sickened or died in prison

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of death	Place of death	References
	Henry VIII
1.	Christopher, a Dutchman	Antwerp, Flanders		1531	died in prison at Westminster
2.	John Porter	Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire and St Sepulchre's, London	tailor	1542	Newgate Prison, London
3.	Thomas Sommers	London	merchant	About 1542	Tower of London,
	Mary I
1C.	John Alcock (or Awcock)	Hadleigh, Suffolk	shearman	2 April 1555	Newgate Prison, London
2.	William Minge		clergyman – priest	2 July 1555	Maidstone Prison, Kent
3.	John Aleworth			July 1555	Reading Prison, Berkshire	may be the same as William Ailewarde (the Regester)
4.	... Tingle			September 1555	Newgate Prison, London
5.Richard Smith is said to have died in prison (day unknown) September, Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London in 'the Regester', but is described as 'non-existent' in	George Kyng (or King)			sickened in Lollard's Tower
6.	Jhon Lesse			Newgate Prison, London	Thorpe]], Essex, sickened in Lollard's Tower, died (day unknown) September, Location unknown
7.	John Wade			sickened in Lollard's Tower
8.	William Androwes (or Andrew, or Andrews)	Horsley, Essex	carpenter	Newgate Prison, London
9.	James Gore			7 December 1555	Colchester Prison, Essex
10.	William Wiseman		clothworker	13 December 1555,	Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London
11.	Margaret Eliot (or Ellis)	Billericay, Essex	maid	May 1556	Newgate Prison, London
12.	William Sleeke (or Slech)			31 May 1556	'King's Bench' Southwark, Surrey
13.	William Adheral		minister	24 June 1556
14.	John Clemente		wheelwright	26 June 1556
15.	Thomas Parret			27 June 1556
16.	Martyne Hunte			29 June 1556
17.	John Morris (or Morice)
18.	John Careless	Coventry, Warwickshire	weaver	1 July 1556
19.–21.	William Dangerfield, his wife Joan and their infant child				sickened in prison
22.–24.	Three people			October 1556	Chichester Castle, Sussex (or Canterbury Castle, Kent, according to Knox)
25.	John Clark			in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle, Kent
26.	Dunston Chittenden
27.	William Foster	Stone, Kent
28.	Alice Potkins	Staplehurst, Kent
29.	John Archer	Cranbrook, Kent
30.	John Thurston	taken at Much Bentley, Essex		May 1557	Colchester Castle, Essex
31.	N. Ambrose			about June 1557 (according to Foxe), or July 1557 (according to Farr)	Maidstone Prison, Kent	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zYLAAAAYAAJ&q=joan+bradbridge+martyr&pg=PA252	title=Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs – William Eusebius Andrews – Google Books	access-date=1 September 2012	last1=Andrews	first1=William Eusebius	year=1826 }}
32.	John Dale	Hadleigh, Suffolk	weaver		Bury St Edmunds Prison
33.	Matthew Withers (or Wythers)			June 1558	Newgate Prison, London
34.	Thomas Tyler

Notes

References

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[http://www.granger.com/results.asp?inline=true&image=0042148&wwwflag=1&imagepos=1&screenwidth=824 Image of FOXE: BOOK OF MARTYRS. – The Burning Of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward And George Broadbridge At Canterbury, England, 12 July 1555. Line Engraving, From A Late 18th Century English Edition Of John Foxe's 'The Book Of Martyrs,' First Published In 1563. From The Granger Collection]. Granger.com. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
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Foxe, John. (1838). "The Acts and monuments of the Church; containing the history and sufferings of the martyrs. A new ed., revised, corrected, and condensed by M.H. Seymour".
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[http://www.johnfoxe.org/index.php?realm=more&gototype=modern&type=person&letter=T Foxe's Book of Martyrs – Glossary of People]
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[[s:History of Norfolk/Volume 3/Chapter 26. Bloomfield's History of Norfolk, Vol 3 'The history of the city of Norwich', Chapter 26 'Of the City in Queen Mary's Time']]
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John Penry (1563–1593), the Welsh Puritan preacher and author. Briefly imprisoned in 1587 for his book ''the Aequity of an Humble Supplication'', in which he called for more preaching in the Welsh language. Returned to London from exile in Scotland in September 1592, and allied himself with the Separatist followers of Henry Barrow. Arrested on 22 March 1592/3. Indicted under the Act of Uniformity ([[1 Eliz. 1]]. c. 2). Executed by hanging at S. Thomas a Watering on 29 May 1593. The first signature on his death warrant was that of [[John Whitgift]], Elizabeth I's Archbishop of Canterbury. Sources : PENRY, JOHN, by Robert Tudur Jones, Dictionary of Welsh Biography, https://biography.wales/article/s-PENR-JOH-1563 accessed 25 May 2016; 'Crefydd, Cenedlgarwch a'r Wladwriaeth: John Penry (1563–1593) a Phiwritaniaeth Gynnar', John Gwynfor Jones (University of Wales Press, 2014); BBC News article on the call by Welsh Independents for an apology from the Anglican Church: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_west/7402541.stm Published: 2008/05/15 14:01:01. Retrieved 25 May 2016
David R. Como, 'Legate, Bartholomew (d. 1612)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16347, accessed 25 Aug 2014]
Stephen Wright, 'Wightman, Edward (bap. 1580?, d. 1612)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29371, accessed 25 Aug 2014]
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(1839). "The British magazine and monthly register of religious and ecclesiastical ... – Hugh James Rose, Samuel Roffey Maitland – Google Books".
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[http://www.johnfoxe.org/index.php?realm=more&gototype=modern&type=person&letter=T&anchor=Tingle# Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus]
[http://www.johnfoxe.org/index.php?realm=more&gototype=modern&type=commentary&book=11 The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1576 edition). Editorial commentary and additional information (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011). Available from: http://www.johnfoxe.org Accessed: 28.04.13]
[http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/foxe348.htm Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 345. Trouble and business in the diocese of Lichfield and elsewhere, June–July 1556.] Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
[http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/foxe350.htm Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 347. The death of John Careless, in the King's Bench.] Exclassics.com. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
(1826). "Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs – William Eusebius Andrews – Google Books".
[http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/foxe364.htm Foxe's Book of Martyrs: 361. AMBROSE (FIRST NAME UNKNOWN), RICHARD LUSH, THOMAS READ, SIMON MILLER AND ELIZABETH COOPER.] Exclassics.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

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