From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of prime ministers of Luxembourg

none

Summary

none

Field	Value
post	Prime Minister
body	Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
native_name

insignia	Lesser CoA luxembourg.svg
insigniasize	100px
insigniacaption	Lesser coat of arms of Luxembourg
image	Luc Frieden EP 2025 (cropped).jpg
incumbent	Luc Frieden
incumbentsince	17 November 2023
department	Executive branch of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
style	Mr. Prime Minister (informal)
The Honourable (formal)
His Excellency (diplomatic)
status	Head of government
member_of
reports_to	Monarch • Parliament
residence	Hôtel Saint-Maximin
seat	Luxembourg City
appointer	Grand Duke of Luxembourg
formation
termlength	No fixed term
constituting_instrument	Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
first	Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine
unofficial_names	Minister of State
"Premier"
deputy	Deputy Prime Minister
salary	€256,800 annually
website	gouvernement.lu

The Honourable (formal) His Excellency (diplomatic) "Premier" The prime minister of Luxembourg (; ; ) is the head of government of Luxembourg. The prime minister leads the executive branch, chairs the Cabinet and appoints its ministers.

Since 1989, the title of Prime Minister has been an official one, although the head of the government had been unofficially known by that name for some time. Between 1857 and 1989, the prime minister was styled the President of the Government, with the exception of the 25-day premiership of Mathias Mongenast. Before 1857, the prime minister was the President of the Council. In addition to these titles, the prime minister uses the title Minister of State, although this is usually relegated to a secondary title.

This is a list of prime ministers and governments since the post was founded, in 1848. In larger font are the dates of the prime ministers entering and leaving office. The smaller dates, during the respective premierships, are those of the prime ministers' governments. Luxembourg has a collegial governmental system; often, the government will present its resignation, only for the successor government to include many, if not most, of the previous ministers serving under the same prime minister. Each of the smaller dates reflects a change in the government without a change of prime minister.

Era of independents (1848–1918)

From the promulgation of the first constitution, in 1848, until the early twentieth century, Luxembourgish politics was dominated by independent politicians and statesmen. The prerogative powers of the grand duke remained undiluted, and, as such, the monarch actively chose and personally appointed the prime minister. As a result, the prime minister was often a moderate, without any strong affiliation no to either of the two major ideological factions in the Chamber of Deputies: the secularist liberals and the Catholic conservatives.

In the early twentieth century, the emergence of socialism as a third force in Luxembourgish politics ended the dominance of independents, and further politicised the government of the country. This did not affect the prime minister's position until 1915, when the long-serving Paul Eyschen died in office. His death created a struggle for power between the main factions, leading to the establishment of the formalised party system.

Prime ministers from 1848 to 1890

Name
(Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office	Monarch
(Reign)	No.	Start	End	Independent politician}}"	1	Willem II [[File:WillemIINL3.jpg	100px	center]]
(1840–1849)	Independent politician}}"	2	Willem III [[File:Willem III (1817-90), koning der Nederlanden, Nicolaas Pieneman, 1856 - Rijksmuseum.jpg	100px	center]]
(1849–1890)	Independent politician}}"	3	Independent politician}}"	4	Independent politician}}"	5	Independent politician}}"	6	Independent politician}}"	7
Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine
(1787–1871)	[[File:Gaspard De La Fontaine.jpg	60px]]	1 August 1848	6 December 1848
First Prime Minister. Resigned following a Vote of no confidence.
Jean-Jacques Madeleine Willmar
(1792–1866)	[[File:Jean-Jacques Willmar.jpg	60px]]	6 December 1848	23 September 1853
Dismissed by the Governor
Charles-Mathias Simons
(1802–1874)	[[File:Mathias Simon.JPG	60px]]	1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8	23 September 1853
23 September 1854
24 May 1856
2 June 1857
29 November 1857
12 November 1858
23 June 1859
15 July 1859	23 September 1854
24 May 1856
2 June 1857
29 November 1857
12 November 1858
23 June 1859
15 July 1859
26 September 1860
Coup of 1856. President of the Council until November 1857;
thereafter President of the Government. Resigned.
Victor, Baron de Tornaco
(1805–1875)	[[File:Victor de Tornaco.jpg	60px]]	1
2
3
4
5
6
7	26 September 1860
9 September 1863
31 March 1864
26 January 1866
3 December 1866
14 December 1866
18 June 1867	9 September 1863
31 March 1864
26 January 1866
3 December 1866
14 December 1866
18 June 1867
3 December 1867
Shortest cabinet, December 1866. Luxembourg Crisis; Treaty of London.
Resigned following a Vote of no confidence.
Lambert Joseph Emmanuel Servais
(1811–1890)	[[File:Emmanuel Servais by Bernhoeft-101-cropped 002.jpg	60px]]	1
2
3
4
5	3 December 1867
30 September 1869
12 October 1869
7 February 1870
25 May 1873	30 September 1869
12 October 1869
7 February 1870
25 May 1873
26 December 1874
Resigned.
Félix, Baron de Blochausen
(1834–1915)	[[File:Blochausenfelix.jpg	60px]]	1
2
3
4
5
6	26 December 1874
26 April 1875
8 July 1876
6 August 1878
21 September 1882
12 October 1882	26 April 1875
8 July 1876
6 August 1878
21 September 1882
12 October 1882
20 February 1885
Dismissed by the Grand Duke.
Jules Georges Édouard Thilges
(1817–1904)	[[File:Edouard Thilges.jpg	60px]]	20 February 1885	22 September 1888
Resigned.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands shared the same monarchs with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from 1815 to 1890. The Grand Duchy has had its own monarchs since 1890.

Prime ministers from 1890 to 1918

Name
(Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office	Monarch
(Reign)	No.	Start	End	Independent politician}}"	8	Adolphe [[File:Adolfluxembourg1817-6.jpg	100px	center]]
(1890–1905)Guillaume IV [[File:Guillaume IV of Luxembourg.png	100px	center]]
(1905–1912)	Independent politician}}"	9	Marie-Adélaïde [[File:Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 2.jpg	100px	center]]
(1912–1919)	Independent politician}}"	10	Independent politician}}"	11	Independent politician}}"	12
Paul Eyschen
(1841–1915)	[[File:Paul Eyschen photograph by Grieser.jpg	60px]]	1
2
3
4
5
6	22 September 1888
26 October 1892
23 June 1896
25 October 1905
9 January 1910
3 March 1915	26 October 1892
23 June 1896
25 October 1905
9 January 1910
3 March 1915
11 October 1915
Longest premiership. Longest cabinet 1896–1905.
Luxembourg occupied by Germany on 2 August 1914. Died in office.
Mathias Mongenast
(1843–1926)	[[File:Mongenast Mathias.jpg	60px]]	12 October 1915	6 November 1915
Shortest premiership. Ruled as President of the Council. Resigned.
Hubert Loutsch
(1878–1946)	[[File:Hubert Loutsch (1878-1946).jpg	60px]]	6 November 1915	24 February 1916
Minority government. Resigned following a Vote of no confidence.
Victor Thorn
(1844–1930)	[[File:Victor Thorn (1844-1930).png	60px]]	24 February 1916	19 June 1917
National Union Government. Resigned.
Léon Kauffman
(1869–1952)	[[File:Léon Kauffman (1869-1952).jpg	60px]]	19 June 1917	28 September 1918
Resigned.

ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

Colors = id:ind value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1848 till:01/01/1919 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1850 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1848

BarData = barset:PM

PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM

from: 01/08/1848 till: 06/12/1848 color:ind text:"De la Fontaine" fontsize:10 from: 06/12/1848 till: 23/09/1853 color:ind text:"Willmar" fontsize:10 from: 23/09/1853 till: 26/09/1860 color:ind text:"Simons" fontsize:10 from: 26/09/1860 till: 03/12/1867 color:ind text:"De Tornaco" fontsize:10 from: 03/12/1867 till: 26/12/1874 color:ind text:"Servais" fontsize:10 from: 26/12/1874 till: 20/02/1885 color:ind text:"Blochausen" fontsize:10 from: 20/02/1885 till: 22/09/1888 color:ind text:"Thilges" fontsize:10 from: 22/09/1888 till: 11/10/1915 color:ind text:"Eyschen" fontsize:10 from: 12/10/1915 till: 06/11/1915 color:ind text:"Mongenast" fontsize:10 from: 06/11/1915 till: 24/02/1916 color:ind text:"Loutsch" fontsize:10 from: 24/02/1916 till: 19/06/1917 color:ind text:"Thorn" fontsize:10 from: 19/06/1917 till: 28/09/1918 color:ind text:"Kauffman" fontsize:10

Party system (1918–present)

In 1918, towards the end of World War I, a new Chamber of Deputies was elected with the explicit ambition of reviewing the constitution. To this end, formalised parties were formed by the main political blocs, so as to increase their bargaining power in the negotiations. The revisions to the constitution introduced universal suffrage and compulsory voting, adopted proportional representation, and limited the sovereignty of the monarch.

Since the foundation of the party system, only one cabinet (between 1921 and 1925) has not included members of more than one party. Most of the time, governments are grand coalitions of the two largest parties, no matter their ideology; this has made Luxembourg one of the most stable democracies in the world. Two cabinets (between 1945 and 1947) included members of every party represented in the Chamber of Deputies.

During the occupation of Luxembourg by Nazi Germany in World War II, Luxembourg was governed by a Nazi Party official, Gustav Simon. Pierre Dupong continued to lead the government in exile in the United Kingdom until the liberation of Luxembourg in December 1944, whereupon the constitutional Luxembourg government returned to the Grand Duchy. Thus, although Luxembourg was formally annexed on 30 August 1942, the prime minister of the government in exile, Pierre Dupong, is assumed to have remained prime minister throughout.

Prime ministers since 1918

Political Party:

No.	Name
(Birth–Death)	Portrait	Political party	Term of office	Government	Coalition	Monarch
(Reign)	Election	Start	End	Marie-Adélaïde [[File:Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 2.jpg	100px	center]]
(1912–1919)	Charlotte [[File:Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.jpg	100px	center]]
(1919–1964)	Jean [[File:GD Jean 1994 (cropped).jpg	100px	center]]
(1964–2000)	Henri [[File:GD Henri Trounwiessel.jpg	100px	center]]
(2000–2025)	Guillaume V [[File:Guillaume Trounwiessel Uniform (cropped).jpg	100px	center]]
(2025–present)
13	Émile Reuter
(1874–1973)	[[File:Luxemburger-Wort-1946.07.23-p1-Emile-Reuter-2.jpg	60px]]	Party of the Right (Luxembourg)}};"		PD	—
1919
1922	28 September 1918
5 January 1920
15 April 1921	5 January 1920
15 April 1921
20 March 1925	Reuter	PD, LL
PD, LL
PD
First partisan government. Armistice; Constitution amended. Only one-party cabinet 1921–1925. Resigned.
14	Pierre Prüm
(1886–1950)	[[File:Pierre Prüm (1886-1950).jpg	60px]]	Independent National Party (Luxembourg)}};"		PNI	1925	20 March 1925	16 July 1926	Prüm	PNI, PRS
Only PNI premiership. Resigned.
15	Joseph Bech
(1887–1975)
(1st time)	[[File:Joseph Bech (detail).jpg	60px]]	Party of the Right (Luxembourg)}};"		PD	1928, 1931
1934
1937	16 July 1926
11 April 1932
27 December 1936	11 April 1932
27 December 1936
5 November 1937	Bech	PD, LdG
PD, PRL
PD, PRL
Longest party-era cabinet 1926–1932. Resigned.
16	Pierre Dupong
(1885–1953)	[[File:Pierre Dupong, Benelux conference The Hague March 1949, Luxembourg Delegation.jpg	60px]]	Party of the Right (Luxembourg)}};"		PD	—
—
—	5 November 1937
7 February 1938
6 April 1940	7 February 1938
6 April 1940
10 May 1940	Dupong-Krier	PD, POL, PRL
PD, POL
PD, POL
—	10 May 1940	23 November 1944	Govt. in Exile	PD, POL
Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	—
—
—	23 November 1944
23 February 1945
21 April 1945	23 February 1945
21 April 1945
14 November 1945	Liberation	CSV, LSAP
1945
—	14 November 1945
29 August 1946	29 August 1946
1 March 1947	National Union	CSV, LSAP, GD, KPL
—
1948	1 March 1947
14 July 1948	14 July 1948
3 July 1951	Dupong-Schaus	CSV, GD
1951	3 July 1951	23 December 1953	Dupong-Bodson	CSV, LSAP
World War II; Luxembourg remained neutral. Emergency government; Nazi occupation; government in exile.
17	Joseph Bech
(1887–1975)
(2nd time)	[[File:Joseph Bech - 1967 (cropped).jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	—
1954	29 December 1953
29 June 1954	29 June 1954
29 March 1958	Bech-Bodson	CSV, LSAP
Resigned.
18	Pierre Frieden
(1892–1959)	[[File:Jean-Pierre Beckius, Portrait du professeur Frieden (1933).jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	1959	29 March 1958	23 February 1959	Frieden	CSV, LSAP
Won 1959 election; died in office.
19	Pierre Werner
(1913–2002)
(1st time)	[[File:Pierre Werner 1970 (cropped).jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	—	2 March 1959	15 July 1964	Werner-Schaus I	CSV, DP
1964
—	15 July 1964
3 January 1967	3 January 1967
6 February 1969	Werner-Cravatte	CSV, LSAP
1968
—
—	6 February 1969
5 July 1971
19 September 1972	5 July 1971
19 September 1972
15 June 1974	Werner-Schaus II	CSV, DP
Longest party-era premiership. Went into opposition following 1974 election.
20	Gaston Egmond Thorn
(1928–2007)	[[File:Thorn Van Agt 1980 cropped.jpg	60px]]	Democratic Party (Luxembourg)}};"		DP	1974
—
—	15 June 1974
21 July 1976
16 September 1977	21 July 1976
16 September 1977
16 July 1979	Thorn	DP, LSAP
First DP premiership. Became Deputy Prime Minister under Werner when CSV returned to government following 1979 election.
21	Pierre Werner
(1913–2002)
(2nd time)	[[File:Pierre Werner 204g (cropped).jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	1979
—	16 July 1979
3 March 1980	3 March 1980
22 November 1980	Werner-Thorn	CSV, DP
—
—	22 November 1980
21 December 1982	21 December 1982
20 July 1984	Werner-Flesch
Retired at 1984 election.
22	Jacques Santer
(born 1937)	[[File:Jacques Santer 1995.jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	1984	20 July 1984	14 July 1989	Santer-Poos I	CSV, LSAP
1989
—	14 July 1989
9 December 1992	9 December 1992
13 July 1994	Santer-Poos II
1994	13 July 1994	26 January 1995	Santer-Poos III
President of the Government until 1989; Prime Minister from 1989. Appointed EC President.
23	Jean-Claude Juncker
(born 1954)	[[File:Juncker 2006 (cropped).jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}};"		CSV	—
—	26 January 1995
4 February 1998	4 February 1998
7 August 1999	Juncker-Poos	CSV, LSAP
1999	7 August 1999	31 July 2004	Juncker-Polfer	CSV, DP
2004	31 July 2004	23 July 2009	Juncker-Asselborn I	CSV, LSAP
2009	23 July 2009	4 December 2013	Juncker-Asselborn II
Longest uninterrupted party-era premiership. Also President of the Eurogroup. Appointed EC President.
24	Xavier Bettel
(born 1973)	[[File:Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Xavier Bettel and Jüri Ratas (36718144533) CROP BETTEL.jpg	60px]]	Democratic Party (Luxembourg)}};"		DP	2013	4 December 2013	5 December 2018	Bettel I	DP, LSAP, DG
2018	5 December 2018	17 November 2023	Bettel II
25	Luc Frieden
(born 1963)	[[File:Luc Frieden EU Retreat 2025 (cropped).jpg	60px]]	Christian Social People's Party}}		CSV	2023	17 November 2023	Incumbent	Frieden-Bettel	CSV, DP

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1150 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late

Colors = id:Independent value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:Right value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.8) legend:Party_of_the_Right id:National value:rgb(0.6,0.2,0.4) legend:Independent_National_Party id:Christian value:rgb(1,0.765,0) legend:Christian_Social_Party id:Democratic value:rgb(0,0.173,0.31) legend:Democratic_Party id:liteline value:gray(0.8) id:line value:rgb(0.3,0.3,0.3) id:bg value:white

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1848 till:31/12/ TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:8 start:1848 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:2 start:1848

Legend = columns:1 left:110 top:57 columnwidth:220

Define $today =

TextData = pos:(20,57) textcolor:black fontsize:s text:"Political Affiliation:"

BarData = bar:Fontaine bar:Willmar bar:Simons bar:Tornaco bar:Servais bar:Blochausen bar:Thilges bar:Eyschen bar:Mongenast bar:Loutsch bar:VThorn bar:Kauffman bar:Reuter bar:Prum bar:Bech bar:Dupong bar:PFrieden bar:Werner bar:GThorn bar:Santer bar:Junker bar:Bettel bar:LFrieden

PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:s shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Fontaine from: 01/08/1848 till: 06/12/1848 color:Independent text:"Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine" bar:Willmar from: 06/12/1848 till: 23/09/1853 color:Independent text:"Jean-Jacques Willmar" bar:Simons from: 23/09/1853 till: 26/09/1860 color:Independent text:"Charles-Mathias Simons" bar:Tornaco from: 26/09/1860 till: 03/12/1867 color:Independent text:"Victor de Tornaco" bar:Servais from: 03/12/1867 till: 26/12/1874 color:Independent text:"Emmanuel Servais" bar:Blochausen from: 26/12/1874 till: 20/02/1885 color:Independent text:"Félix de Blochausen" bar:Thilges from: 20/02/1885 till: 22/09/1888 color:Independent text:"Édouard Thilges" bar:Eyschen from: 22/09/1888 till: 11/10/1915 color:Independent text:"Paul Eyschen" bar:Mongenast from: 12/10/1915 till: 06/11/1915 color:Independent text:"Mathias Mongenast" bar:Loutsch from: 06/11/1915 till: 24/02/1916 color:Independent text:"Hubert Loutsch" bar:VThorn from: 24/02/1916 till: 19/06/1917 color:Independent text:"Victor Thorn" bar:Kauffman from: 19/06/1917 till: 28/09/1918 color:Independent text:"Léon Kauffman" bar:Reuter from: 28/09/1918 till: 20/03/1925 color:Right text:"Émile Reuter" bar:Prum from: 20/03/1925 till: 16/07/1926 color:National text:"Pierre Prüm" bar:Bech from: 16/07/1926 till: 05/11/1937 color:Right from: 29/12/1953 till: 29/03/1958 color:Christian text:"Joseph Bech" bar:Dupong from: 05/11/1937 till: 23/11/1944 color:Right from: 23/11/1944 till: 23/12/1953 color:Christian text:"Pierre Dupong" bar:PFrieden from: 29/03/1958 till: 23/02/1959 color:Christian text:"Pierre Frieden" bar:Werner from: 02/03/1959 till: 15/06/1974 color:Christian from: 16/07/1979 till: 20/07/1984 color:Christian text:"Pierre Werner" bar:GThorn from: 15/06/1974 till: 16/07/1979 color:Democratic text:"Gaston Thorn" bar:Santer from: 20/07/1984 till: 26/01/1995 color:Christian text:"Jacques Santer" bar:Junker from: 26/01/1995 till: 04/12/2013 color:Christian text:"Jean-Claude Junker" bar:Bettel from: 04/12/2013 till: 17/11/2023 color:Democratic text:"Xavier Bettel" bar:LFrieden from: 17/11/2023 till: $today color:Christian text:"Luc Frieden"

References

;Specific

;Bibliography

References

"IG.com Pay Check". IG.
Thewes (2003), p. 209
Thewes (2003), p. 21
Thewes (2003), p. 65
Thewes (2003), p. 8
Thewes (2003), p. 64
Thewes (2003), p. 16
Thewes (2003), p. 20
Thewes (2003), p. 28
Thewes (2003), p. 34
Thewes (2003), p. 42
Thewes (2003), p. 48
Thewes (2003), p. 52
Thewes (2003), p. 66
Thewes (2003), p. 69
Thewes (2003), p. 76
Thewes (2003), p. 88
Thewes (2003), p. 90
Thewes (2003), p. 104
Thewes (2003), p. 107
Thewes (2003), p. 115
Thewes (2003), p. 118
Thewes (2003), p. 122
Thewes (2003), p. 140
Thewes (2003), p. 148
Thewes (2003), p. 151
Thewes (2003), p. 182
Thewes (2003), p. 192
Thewes (2003), p. 204
Thewes (2003), p. 222

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

lists-of-government-ministers-of-luxembourg prime-ministers-of-luxembourg lists-of-heads-of-government lists-of-prime-ministers-by-country 1848-establishments-in-luxembourg

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about List of prime ministers of Luxembourg — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report