List of prime ministers of Canada

Model

The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the Constitution of Canada; executive authority is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on the sovereign's behalf by the governor general. The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. The office was modelled after that which existed in the United Kingdom at the time of Confederation. John A. Macdonald was commissioned by the Viscount Monck on 24 May 1867 to form the first government of the Canadian Confederation. On 1 July 1867, the first ministry assumed office.

Term

When the prime minister begins their term is determined by the date that they are sworn in as prime minister or, if they do not take an oath as prime minister, the date they were sworn into another portfolio, as an oath of office as prime minister is not required. However, since 1957, all incoming prime ministers have sworn an oath as prime minister. Two prime ministers have died in office: John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891) and John Thompson (1892–1894), both of natural causes. All others have resigned, either after losing an election or upon retirement.

Prime ministers

Canadian custom is to count by the individuals who were prime minister, not by terms. Since Confederation, 24 prime ministers have been called upon by the governor general to form 30 Canadian ministries.

(1 of 2) (2 of 2) (1911–17) 10th (1917–20) (1 of 2) (1 of 3) (2 of 2) (2 of 3) (3 of 3) (1 of 2) (2 of 2) : :}}

Timeline

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Lifespan timeline

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bar:20 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1934 till:1993.4 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Jean Chrétien color:LIB from:1993.4 till:2003 color:LIFESPAN from:2003 till:$now

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bar:23 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:1971 till:2015 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Justin Trudeau color:LIB from:2015 till:2025 color:LIFESPAN from:2025 till:$now

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References

References

1. Forsey, Eugene. (2005). "How Canadians Govern Themselves". Queen's Printer for Canada.
2. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry". Government of Canada [[Privy Council Office (Canada).
3. (2007-01-15). "Prime Ministers of Canada: Gallery". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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15. "Profile – Thompson, John Sparrow David". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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17. "Profile – Bowell, Mackenzie". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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19. (1915-10-30). "Profile – Tupper, Charles". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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21. "Profile – Laurier, Wilfrid". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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23. "Profile – Borden, Robert Laird". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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25. "Profile – Meighen, Arthur". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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27. "Profile – King, William Lyon Mackenzie". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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31. "Profile – Bennett, Richard Bedford". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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34. "Profile – St-Laurent, Louis Stephen". [[Parliament of Canada]].
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39. "Profile – Pearson, Lester Bowles". [[Parliament of Canada]].
40. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
41. "Profile – Trudeau, Pierre Elliott". [[Parliament of Canada]].
42. "Profile – Clark, Charles Joseph". [[Parliament of Canada]].
43. "Profile – Turner, John Napier". [[Parliament of Canada]].
44. "Profile – Mulroney, Martin Brian". [[Parliament of Canada]].
45. "Profile – Campbell, A. Kim". [[Parliament of Canada]].
46. "Profile – Chrétien, Joseph Jacques Jean". [[Parliament of Canada]].
47. "Profile – Martin, Paul Edgar Philippe". [[Parliament of Canada]].
48. "Profile – Harper, Stephen Joseph". [[Parliament of Canada]].
49. "Operation MOBILE". Government of Canada.
50. "Profile – Trudeau, Justin". [[Parliament of Canada]].
51. "Profile – Carney, Mark". [[Parliament of Canada]].
52. Murphy, Jessica. (9 March 2025). "Canada's next PM Mark Carney vows to win trade war with Trump". BBC News.
53. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
54. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
55. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
56. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
57. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
58. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.
59. (14 October 2009). "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office.