From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of presidents of Venezuela

None

Summary

None

The [[Miraflores Palace]] is the president's official workplace, the center of the administration, and a prominent symbol of the office.

Under the Venezuelan Constitution, the president of Venezuela is the head of state and head of government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. As chief of the executive branch and face of the government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the country by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela. The president is directly elected through a popular vote to a six-year term. Since the 2009 constitutional referendum, any person can be elected to the office an indefinite number of times. Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the vice president assumes the office. The president must be at least 30 years of age, and has to be a "natural born" citizen of Venezuela, and cannot possess any other citizenship.

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the establishment of the independent State of Venezuela, which took place on January 13, 1830. There have been 46 people sworn into office, and 64 presidencies, as several politicians (most prominently between 1830 and 1953) have held the office more than once. José Antonio Páez, the first president, was inaugurated in 1830. Antonio Guzmán Blanco served during the most terms, with three. Juan Vicente Gómez has served during the longest (although interrupted by interim presidencies), with over 27 years. Rómulo Betancourt served from 1959 until 1964. Hugo Chávez served the longest uninterrupted period in office with 11 consecutive years, from his restoration to power in April 2002 until his death in March 2013.

The presidency was disputed between Juan Guaidó and Nicolás Maduro from January 2019 to 2023 during the Venezuelan presidential crisis. Maduro was elected to his first term in 2013 but received backlash from opposing Venezuelans and some members of the international community especially the United States. Maduro was accused of authoritarian rule and fraud in the elections that were held on 20 May 2018. Guaidó, the president of the National Assembly of Venezuela, took the oath of office as interim president on 23 January 2019, citing Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela to "cease the usurpation, hold a transitional government, and call for new elections". The office remained disputed until December 2022 when opposition parties voted to dissolve the Guaidó government effective as of 5 January 2023.

History

The presidential designation encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which took effect on July 5, 1811. The first president, taking office on July 5, 1811, was actually the president of a triumvirate of the first established Republic of Venezuela that rotated the presidency weekly. The person serving as president during the week of July 5 was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence: Cristóbal Mendoza. Mendoza shared the triumvirate with and . A followed on April 3, 1812, whose members were Francisco Espejo, and Francisco Javier Ustariz.

Owing to the profound confusion of the Venezuelan War of Independence and the period of Gran Colombia over what is now Venezuela, this page has gaps between 1813 and 1819. For this period in time, historians refer to the Republic of Venezuela as the Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814) and the Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819) as Simon Bolivar twice reestablished the republic. The Congress of Angostura appointed Simón Bolívar "Supreme Commander of the Republic of Venezuela" (Jefe Supremo de la República de Venezuela) from 1819 until 1830.

In 1830, José Antonio Páez declared Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia and became president, taking office on January 13, 1830. Although he was not the first president of Venezuela (having in mind Cristóbal Mendoza in 1811), he was the first head of state of independent Venezuela, after the dissolution of Gran Colombia.

Affiliation keys

Party name (English)	Party name (Spanish)	Years
PC	Conservative Party	Partido Conservador
PL	Liberal Party	Gran Partido Liberal de Venezuela
Military	National Armed Forces of the Republic of Venezuela	Fuerza Armada Nacional de la República de Venezuela
—	Independent politician	Político independiente
PDV	Venezuelan Democratic Party	Partido Democrático Venezolano
AD	Democratic Action	Acción Democrática
COPEI	COPEI	Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente
National Convergence	National Convergence	Convergencia Nacional
MVR-PSUV	Fifth Republic Movement–United Socialist Party	Movimiento Quinta República-Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela

Presidents of Venezuela since independence (1830–present)

The list below includes interim "caretaker" as well as regular serving presidents, and democratically installed presidents as well as those installed by other means (e.g.; Marcos Pérez Jiménez).

State of Venezuela (1830–1864)

[[File:Flag of Venezuela (1836-1859).svg	30px	border]] President of the State of Venezuela [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela (1830-1836).svg	25px]]	No.
Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Term of office	Political party	Elected	Government	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Conservative Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Military rule}};"	Military rule}};"
1	[[File:Páez by Lewis B. Adams.JPG	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Antonio Páez
(1790–1873)	13 January 1830	20 January 1835		Conservative Party	—	Interim
	Páez I
—	[[File:Andres Narvarte 000.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Andrés Narvarte
(1781–1853)
acting	20 January 1835	9 February 1835		Conservative Party	—	Páez I
2	[[File:José María Vargas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José María Vargas
(1786–1854)	9 February 1835	9 July 1835		Conservative Party		Vargas
—	[[File:José María Carreño.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José María Carreño
(1792–1849)
acting	27 July 1835	20 August 1835		Conservative Party	—
(3)	[[File:José María Vargas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José María Vargas
(1786–1854)	20 August 1835	24 April 1836		Conservative Party	—
—	[[File:Andres Narvarte 000.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Andrés Narvarte
(1781–1853)
acting	24 April 1836	20 January 1837		Conservative Party	—	Interim
—	[[File:José María Carreño.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José María Carreño
(1792–1849)
acting	27 January 1837	11 March 1837		Conservative Party	—	Interim
—	[[File:Carlos Soublette.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Carlos Soublette
(1789–1870)
acting	11 March 1837	1 February 1839		Conservative Party	—
(1)	[[File:Jose Antonio Paez 000.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Antonio Páez
(1790–1873)	1 February 1839	28 January 1843		Conservative Party	1839	Páez II
(5)	[[File:Carlos Soublette.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Carlos Soublette
(1789–1870)	28 January 1843	20 January 1847		Conservative Party	1843
6	[[File:Martin Tovar y Tovar 28.JPG	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Tadeo Monagas
(1784–1868)	20 January 1847	5 February 1851		Conservative Party	1847
7	[[File:José Gregorio Monagas 2.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Gregorio Monagas
(1795–1858)	5 February 1851	20 January 1855		Liberal Party	1851
(6)	[[File:Martin Tovar y Tovar 28.JPG	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Tadeo Monagas
(1784–1868)	20 January 1855	15 March 1858		Liberal Party	1855
—	[[File:Pedro Gual Escandon.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Pedro Gual
(1783–1862)
acting	15 March 1858	18 March 1858		Liberal Party	—
—	[[File:Juliancastro.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Julián Castro
(1810–1875)
acting	18 March 1858	2 August 1859		Military	—
—	[[File:Pedro Gual Escandon.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Pedro Gual
(1783–1862)
acting	2 August 1859	29 September 1859		Independent	—	Interim I
10	[[File:Martin Tovar y Tovar 22.JPG	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Manuel Felipe de Tovar
(1803–1866)	29 September 1859	20 May 1861		Liberal Party	1860	de Tovar
—	[[File:Pedro Gual Escandon.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Pedro Gual
(1783–1862)
acting	20 May 1861	29 August 1861		Liberal Party	—
(1)	[[File:Jose Antonio Páez restored (colored).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Antonio Páez
(1790–1873)	29 August 1861	15 June 1863		Military	—	Páez III
11	[[File:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
(1820–1870)	15 June 1863	25 April 1868		Military	1864

United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)

[[File:Flag of Venezuela (1863-1905).svg	30px	border]] President of the United States of Venezuela [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela (1871).svg	25px]]	No.
Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Term of office	Political party	Elected	Government	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Military rule}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Independent politician}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Military rule}};"	Liberal Party (Venezuela)}};"	Military rule}};"	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"	Independent politician}};"	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"	Venezuelan Democratic Party}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"
(11)	[[File:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
(1820–1870)	15 June 1863	25 April 1868		Military	—
—	[[File:General Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual
(1832–1868)
acting	25 April 1868	28 June 1868		Independent	—	Interim
—	[[File:Guillermo Tell Villegas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Guillermo Tell Villegas
(1823–1907)
acting	28 June 1868	20 February 1869		Liberal Party	—	the Blue
14	[[File:JRMonagas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Ruperto Monagas
(1831–1880)	20 February 1869	16 April 1870		Military	—	Monagas
—	[[File:Guillermo Tell Villegas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Guillermo Tell Villegas
(1823–1907)
acting	16 April 1870	27 April 1870		Liberal Party	—	Villegas II
15	[[File:Martin Tovar y Tovar 20 restored.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Antonio Guzmán
(1829–1899)	27 April 1870	27 February 1877		Liberal Party	1873	Guzmán I
16	[[File:Antonio Esteban Frías 1911 000.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Francisco Linares
(1825–1878)	27 February 1877	30 November 1878		Liberal Party	1877
—	[[File:José Gregorio Valera - El Cojo Ilustrado.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Gregorio Valera
(1826–1896)
acting	30 November 1878	26 February 1879		Liberal Party	—	Valera
(15)	[[File:Martin Tovar y Tovar 20 restored.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Antonio Guzmán
(1829–1899)	26 February 1879	26 April 1884		Liberal Party	1882	Guzmán II
18	[[File:Retrato de Joaquín Crespo. Martín Tovar y Tovar. 1884.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Joaquín Crespo
(1830–1898)	26 April 1884	15 September 1886		Liberal Party	—	Crespo I
(15)	[[File:Martin Tovar y Tovar 20 restored.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Antonio Guzmán
(1829–1899)	15 September 1886	8 August 1887		Liberal Party	—	Guzmán III
—	[[File:General Hermógenes López.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Hermógenes López
(1830–1898)
acting	8 August 1887	2 July 1888		Independent	—	Interim
20	[[File:Presidente Rojas Paúl (1890) by Cristobal Rojas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Pablo Rojas
(1826–1905)	2 July 1888	19 March 1890		Liberal Party	1888
21	[[File:Raimundo Andueza Palacio por Antonio Herrera Toro.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Raimundo Andueza
(1846–1900)	19 March 1890	17 June 1892		Liberal Party	1890	Andueza
—	[[File:Guillermo Tell Villegas.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Guillermo Tell Villegas
(1823–1907)
acting	17 June 1892	31 August 1892		Liberal Party	—	Villegas III
—	[[File:Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido
(1854–1949)
acting	31 August 1892	7 October 1892		Liberal Party	—	Villegas Pulido
(18)	[[File:Joaquín Crespo portrait.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Joaquín Crespo
(1841–1898)	7 October 1892	28 February 1898		Military	1894
23	[[File:General Ignacio Andrade.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Ignacio Andrade
(1839–1925)	28 February 1898	20 October 1899		Liberal Party	1898	Andrade
24	[[File:Cipriano Castro 1908.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Cipriano Castro
(1858–1924)	20 October 1899	19 December 1908		Military	—	Castro
25	[[File:Juan Vicente Gómez.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Vicente Gómez
(1857–1935)	19 December 1908	5 August 1913		Military	1908	Gómez
—	[[File:Portrait of Gil Fortoul - 1932.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	José Gil
(1861–1943)
acting	5 August 1913	19 April 1914		Independent	—
27	[[File:Presidente Victorino Marquez Bustillos.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Victorino Márquez
(1858–1941)	19 April 1914	24 June 1922		Independent	1914
(25)	[[File:Gómez, 1928 restored.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Vicente Gómez
(1857–1935)	24 June 1922	30 May 1929		Military	1922
28	[[File:Juan Bautista Pérez.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Bautista Pérez
(1869–1952)	30 May 1929	13 June 1931		Independent	1929
(25)	[[File:Juan Vicente Gómez 2.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Vicente Gómez
(1857–1935)	13 June 1931	17 December 1935		Military
29	[[File:López Contreras (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Eleazar López
(1883–1973)	18 December 1935	5 May 1941		Independent	1936
30	[[File:Retrato de Isaías Medina Angarita.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Isaías Medina
(1897–1953)	5 May 1941	18 October 1945		Democratic Party	1941
31	[[File:Rómulo Betancourt, 1946.JPG	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Rómulo Betancourt
(1908–1981)	18 October 1945	15 February 1948		Democratic Action	—
32	[[File:Rómulo Gallegos 1940s.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Rómulo Gallegos
(1884–1969)	15 February 1948	24 November 1948		Democratic Action	1947	Gallegos
33	[[File:Carlos Delgado Chalbaud1.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Carlos Delgado
(1909–1950)	24 November 1948	13 November 1950		Military	—	Delgado
34	[[File:President Germán Suárez Flamerich.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Germán Suárez
(1907–1990)	27 November 1950	2 December 1952		Independent	—	Suárez

Republic of Venezuela (1953–1999)

Venezuela took the name of Republic of Venezuela () with the adoption of the 1953 constitution, written by the Constituent Assembly elected in November 1952. The Presidents of Venezuela under this constitution (as well as the 1961 Constitution, which kept the name) were officially styled as President of the Republic of Venezuela.

This period of the history of Venezuela began with the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez. After a short period of political instability following Pérez Jiménez's exile in 1958, democracy was restored in the country with the election of Democratic Action leader Rómulo Betancourt as president in 1959. This marked the beginning of the democratic period, started with the Puntofijo Pact and which was characterized by the prevalence of the bipartidism of the two main political parties in the country at the time, Democratic Action and Copei.

The second presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez (1989–93) saw a deep economic crisis, a series of major riots known as the Caracazo in 1989, in which hundreds were killed by security forces, two coup attempts in 1992, and the 1993 impeachment of Pérez. That same year, Rafael Caldera became the first President of Venezuela not to belong to either Democratic Action or Copei in over forty years, having been elected under the banner of National Convergence. The bipartidism ended in 2000 when a new constitution entered in force.

[[File:Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).svg	30px	border]] President of the Republic of Venezuela [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela (1954-2006).svg	25px]]	No.
Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Term of office	Political party	Elected	Government	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Military rule}};"	Independent politician}};"	Independent politician}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Copei}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Copei}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	Democratic Action (Venezuela)}};"	National Convergence}};"
35	[[File:Foto Ex Dictador Marcos Perez Jimenez (1957).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Marcos Pérez
(1914–2001)	2 December 1952	23 January 1958		Military	1952	M. Pérez
36	[[File:Wolfgang Larrazábal (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Wolfgang Larrazábal
(1911–2003)	23 January 1958	14 November 1958		Independent	—
—	[[File:Edgar Sanabria 1968.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Edgar Sanabria
(1911–1989)
acting	14 November 1958	13 February 1959		Independent	—
(31)	[[File:Foto oficial Rómulo Betancourt 1959.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Rómulo Betancourt
(1908–1981)	13 February 1959	11 March 1964		Democratic Action	1958	Betancourt II
38	[[File:Raúl Leoni official portrait (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Raúl Leoni
(1905–1972)	11 March 1964	11 March 1969	5 years	Democratic Action	1963	Leoni
39	[[File:Presidente Rafael Caldera 1969.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Rafael Caldera
(1916–2009)	11 March 1969	12 March 1974		Copei	1968	Caldera I
40	[[File:Andres Perez President of Venezuela 1977.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Carlos Andrés Pérez
(1922–2010)	12 March 1974	12 March 1979	5 years	Democratic Action	1973	C. Pérez I
41	[[File:Luis Herrera Campins (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Luis Herrera Campins
(1925–2007)	12 March 1979	2 February 1984		Copei	1978	Campins
42	[[File:Jaime Lusinchi 1984.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Jaime Lusinchi
(1924–2014)	2 February 1984	2 February 1989	5 years	Democratic Action	1983	Lusinchi
(40)	[[File:Carlos Andrés Perez en 1990.jpeg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Carlos Andrés Pérez
(1922–2010)	2 February 1989	21 May 1993		Democratic Action	1988	C. Pérez II
—	[[File:Octavio Lepage, 2009.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Octavio Lepage
(1923–2017)
acting	21 May 1993	5 June 1993		Democratic Action	—	Interim
—	[[File:Ramón José Velásquez en 1993.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Ramón J. Velásquez
(1916–2014)
acting	5 June 1993	2 February 1994		Democratic Action	—	Interim
(39)	[[File:1994. Febrero, 7. Rafael Caldera en su segunda presidencia.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Rafael Caldera
(1916–2009)	2 February 1994	2 February 1999	5 years	National Convergence	1993	Caldera II

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1999–present)

Main article: History of Venezuela (1999–present)}}{{See also, Venezuelan presidential crisis

Venezuela became the "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" () with the adoption of the 1999 constitution, which renamed the country in honor of Simón Bolívar. The new constitution was promulgated by President Hugo Chávez, who served de jure from 1999 until his death in 2013. The new constitution augmented the presidential term from five years to six years.

Chávez's presidency was interrupted shortly in 2002 following a failed coup attempt that put Pedro Carmona in office for a day. After government-loyal forces ousted Carmona from Miraflores, Vice President Diosdado Cabello executive control for a couple of hours until Chávez could be restored. In 2009, a constitutional referendum approved the elimination of term limits, which allowed Chávez to be re-elected again in 2012. However, Chávez died in March 2013, only three months into his fourth term, and was succeeded by his Vice President Nicolás Maduro, who was elected the following month to finish Chávez's term, enforcing the majority of Chávez's economic policies.

Under Maduro, Venezuela has seen a rise in unemployment, shortages of goods, closures of several corporations, and the deterioration of productivity. Maduro – who has seen a sharp decline in his approval ratings in correlation to the economic collapse, and was the subject of a 2016 recall referendum to remove him from office that was later suspended – has been criticized for what opponents consider to be him backsliding the country towards a full-fledged authoritarian regime; this led to an ongoing constitutional crisis stemming from a March 2017 ruling by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (whose members largely consist of Maduro supporters) that removed immunity for National Assembly members (including those opposing Maduro), which subsequently made a brief assumption of legislative powers from the Assembly, and the Constituent Assembly election, which resulted in the formation of a Constituent Assembly intended to rewrite the 1999 constitution. These actions have worsened tensions and sparked violence during protests against the Maduro administration over concerns that Maduro would eliminate or significantly erode the independence of Venezuela's democratic institutions and shift the country towards one-man rule.

[[File:Flag of Venezuela (state).svg	30px	border]] President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg	25px]]	No.
Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Term of office	Political party	Elected	Government	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Fifth Republic Movement}};"	Independent politician}};"	Fifth Republic Movement}};"	Fifth Republic Movement}};"	United Socialist Party of Venezuela}};"	United Socialist Party of Venezuela}};"	United Socialist Party of Venezuela}};"
45	[[File:Hugo Chavez Portrait (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Hugo Chávez
(1954–2013)	2 February 1999	12 April 2002		Fifth Republic Movement	1998
2000
—	[[File:Pedro Carmona 2002.png	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Pedro Carmona
(born 1941)
acting	12 April 2002	13 April 2002		Independent	—
—	[[File:Diosdado Cabello cut (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Diosdado Cabello
(born 1963)
acting	13 April 2002	14 April 2002		Fifth Republic Movement	—
(45)	[[File:Hugo Chavez Portrait (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Hugo Chávez
(1954–2013)	14 April 2002	5 March 2013		Fifth Republic Movement
(until October 2007)	—
2006
United Socialist Party
(from October 2007)	2012
—	[[File:Nicolás Maduro official portrait (cropped).png	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Nicolás Maduro
(born 1962)	5 March 2013	19 April 2013		United Socialist Party	—
46	19 April 2013	Incumbent		2013
2018	Maduro II
2024
(Disputed)
—	[[File:Delcy Rodríguez asume como Presidenta Encargada de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela 04 (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Delcy Rodríguez
(born 1969)
acting	5 January 2026	Incumbent		United Socialist Party	—

Disputed

The process and results of the May 2018 Venezuelan presidential election were widely disputed. The opposition-majority National Assembly declared Maduro a "usurper" of the presidency on the day of his second inauguration and disclosed a plan to set forth its president, Juan Guaidó as the succeeding acting President of the country under article 233 of the Venezuelan Constitution. A week later, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice declared that the presidency of the National Assembly was the "usurper" of authority and declared the body to be unconstitutional.

Minutes after Maduro took the oath as President of Venezuela, the Organization of American States (OAS) approved a resolution in a special session of its Permanent Council declaring Maduro's presidency illegitimate and urging new elections. Special meetings of the OAS on 24 January and in the United Nations Security Council on 26 January were held but no consensus was reached. Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres called for dialogue. During the 49th General Assembly of the Organization of American States, on 27 June, Guaidó's presidency was recognized by the organization.

Guaidó was declared acting president and swore himself in on 23 January. Maduro's government has accused the United States of organizing a coup d'état to remove him and take control of the country's oil reserves. Guaidó rejects the characterization of his actions as a coup, saying that his movement is backed by peaceful volunteers. As of June 2019, Guaidó was recognized as the acting President of Venezuela by 54 countries. Internationally, support has followed traditional geopolitical lines, with allies China, Cuba, Iran, Russia, Syria, and Turkey supporting Maduro; and the US, Canada, and most of Western Europe supporting Guaidó as acting president. The United Nations continued to recognize the Maduro presidency as the legal representative of Venezuela as of December 2019.

On 22 December 2022, the Venezuelan opposition held an initial vote to remove Guaidó's interim government from its leadership and on 30 December 2022, three of the four main opposition political parties (Justice First, Democratic Action and A New Era) approved a reform to dissolve the interim government and instead create a commission of five members to manage foreign assets, stating the failure of the interim government to achieve the goals it had set. The amendment was voted by the opposition as deputies sought a united strategy ahead of the presidential elections in 2024 with the reform approved with 72 votes in favor, 29 against and 8 abstentions, thus dissolving the Guaidó government effective 5 January 2023.

[[File:Flag of Venezuela (state).svg	30px	border]] President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg	25px]]	Portrait	Name
(Birth–Death)	Term of office	Political party	Elected	Government	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Popular Will}};"	Independent politician}};"	Independent politician}};"
[[File:Juan Guaidó february 2020.jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Juan Guaidó
(born 1983)	23 January 2019	5 January 2023		Popular Will
(until 2020)	—	Guaidó
Independent
(from 2020)
[[File:Edmundo González EP 2024 (cropped).jpg	frameless	upright=0.4]]	Edmundo González
(born 1949)	10 January 2025	Incumbent		Independent	2024
(Disputed)

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:14 PlotArea = top:3 bottom:120 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late

Define $now =

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1830 till: TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1830 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:2 start:1830

Colors = id:conservative value:rgb(0.93,0.16,0.22) legend:Conservative_Party id:liberal value:rgb(1,0.84,0) legend:Liberal_Party id:military value:rgb(0.40,0.57,0.40) legend:None_(military) id:none value:rgb(0.49,0.49,0.49) legend:None_(independent) id:democratic value:rgb(0.32,0.35,0.65) legend:Democratic_Party id:democraticaction value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend:Democratic_Action id:copei value:rgb(0.13,0.55,0.13) legend:Copei id:nationalconvergence value:rgb(0.68,1,0.18) legend:National_Convergence id:frm value:rgb(0.99,0,0) legend:Fifth_Republic_Movement id:psuv value:rgb(0.89,0.30,0.36) legend:United_Socialist_Party id:pw value:rgb(1,0.75,0) legend:Popular_Will id:pud value:rgb(0.15,0.216,0.47) legend:Unitary_Platform

Legend = columns:1 left:200 top:70 columnwidth:230

TextData = pos:(20,75) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"

BarData = bar:JoséAntonioPáez bar:AndrésNarvarte bar:JoséMaríaVargas bar:JoséMaríaCarreño bar:CarlosSoublette bar:JoséTadeoMonagas bar:JoséGregorioMonagas bar:PedroGualEscandó bar:JuliánCastro bar:ManuelFelipedeTovar bar:JuanCrisóstomoFalcón bar:ManuelEzequielBruzual bar:GuillermoTellVillegas bar:JoséRupertoMonagas bar:AntonioGuzmánBlanco bar:FranciscoLinaresAlcántara bar:JoséGregorioValera bar:JoaquínCrespo bar:HermógenesLópez bar:JuanPabloRojasPaúl bar:RaimundoAnduezaPalacio bar:GuillermoTellVillegasPulido bar:IgnacioAndrade bar:CiprianoCastro bar:JuanVicenteGómez bar:JoséGilFortoul bar:VictorinoMárquezBustillos bar:JuanBautistaPérez bar:EleazarLópezContreras bar:IsaíasMedinaAngarita bar:RómuloBetancourt bar:RómuloGallegos bar:CarlosDelgadoChalbaud bar:GermánSuárezFlamerich bar:MarcosPérezJiménez bar:WolfgangLarrazábal bar:EdgarSanabria bar:RaúlLeoni bar:RafaelCaldera bar:CarlosAndrésPérez bar:LuisHerreraCampins bar:JaimeLusinchi bar:OctavioLepage bar:RamónJoséVelásquez bar:HugoChávez bar:PedroCarmona bar:DiosdadoCabello bar:NicolásMaduro bar:JuanGuaidó bar:EdmundoGonzález bar:DelcyRodríguez

PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:JoséAntonioPáez from: 1830 till: 1835 color:conservative from: 1839 till: 1843 color:conservative from: 1861 till: 1863 color:military text:"José Antonio Páez" bar:AndrésNarvarte from: 1835 till: 1835 color:conservative from: 1836 till: 1837 color:conservative text:"Andrés Narvarte" bar:JoséMaríaVargas from: 1835 till: 1835 color:conservative from: 1835 till: 1836 color:conservative text:"José María Vargas" bar:JoséMaríaCarreño from: 1835 till: 1835 color:conservative from: 1837 till: 1837 color:conservative text:"José María Carreño" bar:CarlosSoublette from: 1837 till: 1839 color:conservative from: 1843 till: 1847 color:conservative text:"Carlos Soublette" bar:JoséTadeoMonagas from: 1847 till: 1851 color:conservative from: 1855 till: 1858 color:liberal text:"José Tadeo Monagas" bar:JoséGregorioMonagas from: 1851 till: 1855 color:liberal text:"José Gregorio Monagas" bar:PedroGualEscandó from: 1858 till: 1858 color:liberal from: 1859 till: 1859 color:none from: 1861 till: 1861 color:liberal text:"Pedro Gual Escandón" bar:JuliánCastro from: 1858 till: 1859 color:military text:"Julián Castro" bar:ManuelFelipedeTovar from: 1859 till: 1861 color:liberal text:"Manuel Felipe de Tovar" bar:JuanCrisóstomoFalcón from: 1863 till: 1868 color:military text:"Juan Crisóstomo Falcón" bar:ManuelEzequielBruzual from: 1868 till: 1868 color:none text:"Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual" bar:GuillermoTellVillegas from: 1868 till: 1869 color:liberal from: 1870 till: 1870 color:liberal from: 1892 till: 1892 color:liberal text:"Guillermo Tell Villegas" bar:JoséRupertoMonagas from: 1869 till: 1870 color:military text:"José Ruperto Monagas" bar:AntonioGuzmánBlanco from: 1870 till: 1877 color:liberal from: 1879 till: 1884 color:liberal from: 1886 till: 1887 color:liberal text:"Antonio Guzmán Blanco" bar:FranciscoLinaresAlcántara from: 1877 till: 1878 color:liberal text:"Francisco Linares Alcántara" bar:JoséGregorioValera from: 1878 till: 1879 color:liberal text:"José Gregorio Valera" bar:JoaquínCrespo from: 1884 till: 1886 color:liberal from: 1892 till: 1898 color:military text:"Joaquín Crespo" bar:HermógenesLópez from: 1887 till: 1888 color:none text:"Hermógenes López" bar:JuanPabloRojasPaúl from: 1888 till: 1890 color:liberal text:"Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl" bar:RaimundoAnduezaPalacio from: 1890 till: 1892 color:conservative text:"Raimundo Andueza Palacio" bar:GuillermoTellVillegasPulido from: 1892 till: 1892 color:liberal text:"Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido" bar:IgnacioAndrade from: 1898 till: 1899 color:liberal text:"Ignacio Andrade" bar:CiprianoCastro from: 1899 till: 1908 color:military text:"Cipriano Castro" bar:JuanVicenteGómez from: 1908 till: 1913 color:military from: 1922 till: 1929 color:military from: 1931 till: 1935 color:military text:"Juan Vicente Gómez" bar:JoséGilFortoul from: 1913 till: 1914 color:none text:"José Gil Fortoul" bar:VictorinoMárquezBustillos from: 1914 till: 1922 color:none text:"Victorino Márquez Bustillos" bar:JuanBautistaPérez from: 1929 till: 1931 color:none text:"Juan Bautista Pérez" bar:EleazarLópezContreras from: 1935 till: 1941 color:none text:"Eleazar López Contreras" bar:IsaíasMedinaAngarita from: 1941 till: 1945 color:democratic text:"Isaías Medina Angarita" bar:RómuloBetancourt from: 1945 till: 1948 color:democraticaction from: 1959 till: 1964 color:democraticaction text:"Rómulo Betancourt" bar:RómuloGallegos from: 1948 till: 1948 color:democraticaction text:"Rómulo Gallegos" bar:CarlosDelgadoChalbaud from: 1948 till: 1950 color:military text:"Carlos Delgado Chalbaud" bar:GermánSuárezFlamerich from: 1950 till: 1952 color:none text:"Germán Suárez Flamerich" bar:MarcosPérezJiménez from: 1952 till: 1958 color:military text:"Marcos Pérez Jiménez" bar:WolfgangLarrazábal from: 1958 till: 1958 color:none text:"Wolfgang Larrazábal" bar:EdgarSanabria from: 1958 till: 1959 color:none text:"Edgar Sanabria" bar:RaúlLeoni from: 1964 till: 1969 color:democraticaction text:"Raúl Leoni" bar:RafaelCaldera from: 1969 till: 1974 color:copei from: 1994 till: 1999 color:nationalconvergence text:"Rafael Caldera" bar:CarlosAndrésPérez from: 1974 till: 1979 color:democraticaction from: 1989 till: 1993 color:democraticaction text:"Carlos Andrés Pérez" bar:LuisHerreraCampins from: 1979 till: 1984 color:copei text:"Luis Herrera Campins" bar:JaimeLusinchi from: 1984 till: 1989 color:democraticaction text:"Jaime Lusinchi" bar:OctavioLepage from: 1993 till: 1993 color:democraticaction text:"Octavio Lepage" bar:RamónJoséVelásquez from: 1993 till: 1994 color:democraticaction text:"Ramón José Velásquez" bar:HugoChávez from: 1999 till: 2007 color:frm from: 2007 till: 2013 color:psuv text:"Hugo Chávez" bar:PedroCarmona from: 2002 till: 2002 color:none text:"Pedro Carmona (acting)" bar:DiosdadoCabello from: 2002 till: 2002 color:psuv text:"Diosdado Cabello (acting)" bar:NicolásMaduro from: 2013 till: $now color:psuv text:"Nicolás Maduro bar:JuanGuaidó from: 2019 till: 2023 color:pw text:"Juan Guaidó (disputed)" bar:EdmundoGonzález from: 2025 till: $now color:pud text:"Edmundo González (disputed)" bar:DelcyRodríguez from: 2026 till: $now color:psuv text:"Delcy Rodríguez (acting)"

Notes

References

fundaromulobetancourt.org
Armas, Mayela. (2022-12-31). "Venezuela opposition removes interim President Guaido". [[Reuters]].
"Presidentes de Venezuela". Consulado General de Bucaramanga.
Briceño Perozo, Mario. "Mendoza, Cristóbal de"lar, 1899. {{ISBN. 978-980-6397-37-8.
CALDERA, Rafael. «De Carabobo a Puntofijo: los Causahabientes». Editorial Libros Marcados. Quinta Edición. 2008.
FERNANDEZ, Alfredo. «Venezuela: sus presidentes y constituciones». Organización Gráfica Capriles. 2006. Depósito Legal lf25220069002436.
CAMEJO, Armando. «Historia de Venezuela: documental y crítica». Ediciones Paz Pérez. 1965.
FERNANDEZ PAEZ, Carmelo. «Memorias». Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República. 1983.
GONZÁLEZ GUINAN, Francisco. «Historia Contemporánea de Venezuela TOMO XI». Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República. 1954.
RODRIGUEZ ITURBE, José. «Iglesia y Estado en Venezuela (1824-1964)». Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Derecho. 1968.
SALCEDO, Bastardo. «Historia Fundamental de Venezuela». Universidad Central de Venezuela. Ediciones de Biblioteca, Segunda edición. 1972.
USLAR PIETRI, Arturo. «Cuéntame a Venezuela». Editorial Lisbona S.A.. 1981-82.
Rohter, Larry. (22 September 2001). "Marcos Pérez Jiménez, 87, Venezuela Ruler". [[The New York Times]].
Ledezma, Eurídice. (21 September 2001). "Obituary: General Marcos Pérez Jiménez". [[The Guardian]].
(20 October 2016). "Venezuela Suspends Recall Campaign Against President Maduro". [[Fox News]].
(2017-03-31). "Venezuela 'coup': Alarm grows as court takes power". BBC News.
(2017-03-30). "Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule". The New York Times.
(2017-04-01). "Venezuela: Supreme court backtracks on powers bid". BBC News.
Schemo, Diana Jean. (7 December 1998). "Venezuelans Elect An Ex-Coup Leader As Their President".
Rohter, Larry. (1 August 2000). "Chavez Fails to Get Mandate for Absolute Power in Venezuela".
Forero, Juan. (13 April 2002). "UPRISING IN VENEZUELA: MAN IN THE NEWS; Manager and Conciliator — Pedro Carmona Estanga".
Wilson, Scott. (14 April 2002). "Acting Leader Of Venezuela Steps Down".
Holman, Kwame. (15 April 2002). "Return to Power".
McCarthy, Julie. (4 December 2006). "Venezuelan Socialist Champion Chavez Reelected".
Grainger, Sarah. (8 October 2012). "Chavez's 'comfortable' win raises questions".
Grainger, Sarah. (9 March 2013). "Venezuela Nicolas Maduro sworn in as acting president".
(3 January 2026). "Venezuela's Supreme Court orders Delcy Rodriguez become interim president". Reuters.
Laura Sharman and Mauricio Torres. (4 January 2026). "Venezuelan court directs Vice President Delcy Rodriguez to assume duties of acting president". CNN.
(3 January 2026). "Live Updates: U.S. Captures Venezuelan Leader, Trump Says". [[The New York Times]].
(3 January 2026). "Maduro is Venezuela's only president, says VP Delcy Rodriguez". [[BBC News]].
(5 January 2025). "Maduro: 'I am still president of my country'".
Neuman, William. (14 April 2013). "Venezuela Gives Chávez Protégé Narrow Victory".
Melimopoulos, Elizabeth. (21 May 2018). "Venezuela’s Maduro wins presidential vote boycotted by opposition".
Buschschlüter, Vanessa. (29 July 2024). "Venezuela's Maduro declared winner in disputed vote".
Carroll, Rory. (4 January 2026). "Delcy Rodríguez strikes defiant tone but must walk tightrope as Venezuela’s interim leader".
Bullock, Penn. (10 January 2019). "Climate Change, U.S. Shutdown, Michael Cohen: Your Friday Briefing". [[The New York Times]].
(21 January 2019). "El Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela declara "inconstitucional" a la Asamblea Nacional y anula el nombramiento de Juan Guaidó como su presidente". BBC.
(11 January 2019). "Prensa de la AN rectifica comunicado que proclama a Juan Guaidó Presidente de la República".
(10 January 2019). "La OEA aprobó la resolución que declara ilegítimo al nuevo gobierno de Nicolás Maduro". Infobae.
(26 January 2019). "UN political chief calls for dialogue to ease tensions in Venezuela; Security Council divided over path to end crisis". UN News.
(27 June 2019). "México, Uruguay, Bolivia y Nicaragua respaldaron al régimen de Maduro e intentaron desplazar al enviado de Guaidó de la Asamblea de la OEA". EFE.
(29 January 2019). "National Assembly President Juan Guaido swears himself in as President of Venezuela".
(29 January 2019). "Canciller Arreaza advierte que objetivo de plan golpista es el petróleo venezolano". Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela.
Borges, Anelise. (18 February 2019). "'I'm ready to die for my country's future,' Juan Guaido tells Euronews". Euronews.
Phillips, Tom. (12 May 2019). "Guaidó says Maduro is 'sowing terror' against leaders who tried to oust him". The Guardian.
Vasilyeva, Nataliya. (24 January 2019). "Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape". Associated Press.
(19 December 2019). "UN backs credentials of Maduro officials". [[EFE]].
"Report of the Credentials Committee". United Nations General Assembly.
Martínez, Deisy. (2022-12-30). "AN de 2015 aprueba su extensión por otro año y elimina gobierno interino".
(2022-12-30). "Mayoría de la AN-2015 ratifica disolución del Gobierno interino".
(30 December 2022). "Juan Guaidó Is Voted Out as Leader of Venezuela's Opposition". [[The New York Times]].

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

lists-of-national-presidents presidents-of-venezuela lists-of-political-office-holders-in-venezuela

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about List of presidents of Venezuela — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report